[ home / rules / faq / search ] [ overboard / sfw / alt ] [ leftypol / edu / labor / siberia / lgbt / latam / hobby / tech / games / anime / music / draw / AKM / ufo ] [ meta ] [ wiki / shop / tv / tiktok / twitter / patreon ] [ GET / ref / marx / booru ]

Catalog (/overboard/)

Sort by: Image size:


R: 457 / I: 130

/USApol/ 🇺🇸🔥

🗽 UNITED STATES POLITICS 🦅

<Epstein's Ghost Edition


Thread for hellish discussion of the Dying Burger Reich: Things are going to continue to happen in the stupidest ways possible that no one really takes seriously, where every single person compulsively reacts with either cynical grifting or useless panic and appealing to a political system of liberal democracy that is entirely dead and irrelevant. things will continue to get gradually worse, more people will lose their jobs and homes, the most destitute and marginalized will be oppressed by state-backed domestic terrorism, but the decay will simply continue and everyone who isn't actively being imprisoned and forced into slavery or outright exterminated will simply ignore it and maintain a cognitive dissonance of believing a civil war is happening while living their lives in a mostly normal fashion. The death of the United States will be slow, painful, and insufferably annoying and stupid. 🏈 💵
Death to the scourge of the earth, the destroyer of nations, the father of fascism, the enabler of ethnostates, the treatlerite tyrant, the protector of pedophiles, the exporter of ecocide, the captain of capitalism, the king of coups, the sultan of sanctions, the emir of the embargo, the autocrat of austerity, the doge of deregulation, the baron of busting unions, the prince of privatization, the lord of loan sharks, the patron-saint of proxy wars, the sponsor of settlers, the guarantor of genocides, the invader of islands, the Divided $nakkkes of Amerikkka™ 🌭 🍔

🛠️ Strike Tracker ⚒️
https://striketracker.ilr.cornell.edu/

🇺🇸 Deeds of the Burger Reich 🇺🇸
https://github.com/dessalines/essays/blob/main/us_atrocities.md
https://williamblum.org/essays/read/overthrowing-other-peoples-governments-the-master-list

📺 Glowie News 📺
(sponsored by the Burger Eagle Freedom Institute (formerly USAID))
• CNN: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/cnn-news-usa.html
• MSNBC: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/msnbc.html
• FOX: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/fox-news-channel.html
• Bloomberg: https://www.bloomberg.com/live/us

🏚️ Local News 🏚️
https://www.50states.com/ce/

✊Live Protest Streams✊
https://woke.net/

🏝️ Epstein's Client List🏝️
https://epsteinsblackbook.com/

🇮🇱 Track Zionazis (apparently ShareBlue backed, gross)🇮🇱
https://www.trackaipac.com/

📖Read, Burgga, Read! 📖
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXUFLW8t2sntNn5jQO8vF7ai9x0fna3PV

Previous Thread: >>2557702

Remember to filter mass tor baiters, feds, and trolls
Not reporting is bourgeois
Violators will be launched from trebuchet
R: 500 / I: 117

/ISG/ - Internet Spectacle General

A thread focused on discussing the parasocial relationships cultivated by the Almighty Algorithm to generate profit off of our atomization and society's commodification of petty internet drama.
Brace through the hyper-real lacanian void together!

Reminder That None of This Is Real!
ɢʀᴀʙ ᴀ ᴘᴀɪʀ ᴏꜰ sᴘᴇᴄᴛᴀᴄʟᴇs

—————————————————–

CORE THEORY
>The Society of the Spectacle (1967) by Guy Debord
📖 • https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/debord/society.htm
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0blWjssVoUQ

<The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction (1936) by Walter Benjamin

📖 • https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/benjamin.htm
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=blq9sCIyXgA

>The Culture Industry from Dialectic of Enlightenment (1944) by Theodore Adorno & Max Horkheimer

📓 • https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/adorno/1944/culture-industry.htm
📖 • https://libcom.org/article/dialectic-enlightenment-philosophical-fragments-theodor-adorno-and-marx-horkheimer
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hSLdd8R8mY

<Understanding Media (1964) by Marshall McLuhan

📖 • https://designopendata.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/understanding-media-mcluhan.pdf
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09ML9n5f1fE

>One-Dimensional Man (1964) by Herbert Marcuse

📖 • https://libcom.org/article/one-dimensional-man-studies-ideology-advanced-industrial-society-herbert-marcuse
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZCoLbEkAqs

<Discipline and Punish (1975) by Michel Foucault

📖 • https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/michel-foucault-discipline-and-punishment
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s82uU4iRuko

>Simulacra and Simulation (1981) by Jean Baudrillard

📖 • https://dn720006.ca.archive.org/0/items/baudrillard.-1970.-the-consumer-society/Baudrillard.1981.Simulacra-and-Simulation.pdf
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Yxg2_6_YLs

<Manufacturing Consent (1988) by Edward S. Herman & Noam Chomsky

📖 • https://libcom.org/article/manufacturing-consent-political-economy-mass-media-noam-chomsky-and-edward-s-herman
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34LGPIXvU5M

>The Sublime Object of Ideology (1989) by Slavoj Zizek

📖 • https://altexploit.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/slavoj-zizek-the-sublime-object-of-ideology-second-edition-the-essential-zizek-2009.pdf
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TtIckkHsUQ4

<Postscript on the Societies of Control (1990) by Gilles Deleuze

📖 • https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/gilles-deleuze-postscript-on-the-societies-of-control
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hu4Cq_-bLlY

>Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (1991) by Fredric Jameson

📖 • https://www.are.na/block/4114741
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4k26xGx1zI

<Spectres of Marx (1993) by Jacques Derrida

📖 • https://libcom.org/library/specters-marx-jacques-derrida
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJr0NwXWb6Q

>Capitalist Realism (2009) by Mark Fisher

📖 • https://libcom.org/article/capitalist-realism-mark-fisher
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Cb5XJH4NMI

—————————————————–

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

>Precursor Material to Post-modernity and Critical Theory

📖 • Karl Marx - Book 1, Chapter 4 of Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts (1844)
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/labour.htm
📺 • Why Marx Was Right: Alienation - PlasticPills
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPRxxN4Kh30

📖 • Georg Lukács - Chapter 4 of History and Class Consciousness (1923)
https://www.marxists.org/archive/lukacs/works/history/hcc05.htm
📺 • Marxism After Marx: Reification - The Marxist Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZiI-QKxBKI

📖 • Antonio Gramsci - Book 1, Chapter 1 of Selections from the Prison Notebooks (1929)
https://www.marxists.org/archive/gramsci/prison_notebooks/problems/intellectuals.htm
📺 • Hegemony: WTF? An introduction to Gramsci and cultural hegemony - Tom Nicholas
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-LI_2-qsovo

📖 • Louis Althusser - Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (1970)
https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/althusser/1970/ideology.htm
📺 • Althusser's Concept of Ideology: A Discussion with Anthony Gavin - Acid Horizon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtOqXxkKwvw


<Documentaries

The Society of the Spectacle (1974) by Guy Debord
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjF6I6SYjgA

Manufacturing Consent (1992) by Mark Achbar & Peter Wintonick, with Noam Chomsky
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Li2m3rvsO0I

The Pervert's Guide to Cinema (2006) and The Pervert's Guide to Ideology (2012) by Sophie Fiennes, with Slavoj Zizek
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYuI4SFw4g0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBcFLmu_tlc

HyperNormalisation (2016) by Adam Curtis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bv3Tr3jvZM&rco


>Easy-Bake Breadtube (for absolute beginners)

We're All Fake Now - Wisecrack
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTW1mPOJJ_Y

Are Cell Phones Replacing Reality? - PBS Idea Channel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AXIAM7dTTg

The Cultural Significance of Cyberpunk - Cuck Philosophy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nvor7hhDKTs

Introduction to Critical Theory for the 21st Century - Nathan Dufour
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7stVZPGxIw

The Work of Art in the Age of Surveillance Capitalism - Brendan Morris
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNKiBJJFXZI


<Situationist Archives

https://situationist.org/
https://notbored.org/SI.html
https://bopsecrets.org/SI/index.htm

—————————————————–

RECOMMENDED OP-EDS
I Don’t Want to Be an Internet Person by Ginevra Davis
https://www.palladiummag.com/2022/11/04/i-do-not-want-to-be-an-internet-person/

Pluralistic: Tiktok's enshittification by Cory Doctorow
https://pluralistic.net/2023/01/21/potemkin-ai/#hey-guys

Facebook's Threads is so depressing by Jason O. Gilbert
https://jogblog.substack.com/p/facebooks-threads-is-so-depressing
R: 2 / I: 1

Favourite arthropod

What's your favourite athropod?

Mine is the hummingbird moth because it is so cute and has interesting behaviours, it migrates a long distance. I thought one in my garden was a hummingbird when I was growing up, though apparently hummingbirds don't exist in the old world, so if you think you saw one it actually is this cute insect :3
R: 47 / I: 4

how can trans men be lesbian?

help me out here /lgbt/. I was hanging out at the local anarchist book club the other day and, because it has a high concentration of trans people, there was a discussion about trans issues. since I don't really care I was just listening
one of the people there, who is a trans man, was talking about how they're a lesbian. it's at this point that I feel like an immense boomer, because in my head lesbian = women fucking women. can someone please enlighten me how this is supposed to work? does gender stop existing when SEX is involved? or is it just calling a spade a spade?
R: 28 / I: 4

Is that true or false?

Is that true that Venezuela was way more free and richer before Hugo Chavez?
Many people i talked with said it was.
I'm not into history so much,so i wanted to ask you about this.
R: 316 / I: 58

/US-Venezuela war/ #2

/US-Venezuela war/ #2
>Tired of the re-runs edition
>>2440521 Previous thread
https://archive.ph/4Dq3L Thread 1 Archive

The Real Reason the USA Is Attacking Latin America
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcWH-LPyTow
0:00 Trump's war on Latin America
1:04 (CLIP) Trump meddles in Argentina's election
1:23 US imperial strategy in Latin America
2:02 (CLIP) Trump wants Venezuela's oil
2:14 Natural resources
2:41 Ties with China and Russia
3:02 Oligarchic counter-revolution
4:11 US war on Venezuela
7:50 Marco Rubio: coup-plotting war hawk
9:23 Fox News calls to colonize Venezuela
10:01 (CLIP) Fox News: Venezuela 51st US state
10:29 The "drug trafficking" excuse
11:10 Colombia's President Gustavo Petro
13:29 US-backed Colombian drug traffickers
14:24 US-backed drug lord Álvaro Uribe
17:05 The "war on drugs" is based on lies
18:10 Colombia moves closer to China
19:12 China: South America's top trading partner
20:41 USA meddles in Colombia's election
21:42 Monroe Doctrine to Donroe Doctrine
26:15 (CLIP) John Bolton boasts of coup attempt
27:05 Neocolonialism
28:26 US interventions in Latin America
30:32 USA colonized half of Mexico
31:11 Colonial "Banana Wars"
31:41 Goals of US war on Venezuela
32:33 William McKinley, imperialist
34:01 (CLIP) Trump vows to expand US empire
35:02 Trump takes mask off US empire
36:30 Outro
R: 2 / I: 0

News 11/13/25

Facial recognition vans rolled out to seven more police forces
Home Office funding has been provided for the rollout of a new fleet of facial recognition vans across police forces in Greater Manchester, West Yorkshire, Bedfordshire, Surrey, Sussex, Thames Valley and Hampshire. The technology, already in use across Metropolitan, South Wales, and Essex forces, allows officers to record the surrounding area using cameras mounted on top of their vans.
https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/facial-recognition-vans-rolled-out-seven-more-police-forces

Germany to introduce voluntary military service
Although the German armed forces, the Bundeswehr, needs tens of thousands more soldiers, there will be no return to compulsory military service, according to the governing parties. "The new military service is initially based on voluntary service," is the key sentence of the draft bill, which will go before the German parliament in December. In future, however, there will be mandatory physical assessments for all 18-year-old men.
https://www.dw.com/en/germany-to-introduce-voluntary-military-service/a-74733722
https://archive.ph/slYLI

Mexico to intercept suspected drug boats to prevent further US strikes
Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum announced Thursday that an agreement has been reached with the United States regarding the alleged drug-running boats that the Donald Trump administration has been targeting since last September. Under the new arrangement, Mexico’s Navy will be responsible for intercepting these vessels in international waters near the country’s coasts in order to prevent further bombings, according to the joint operational protocols agreed upon by both governments. The goal, Sheinbaum explained, is to avoid more attacks like the one that occurred two weeks ago, 400 nautical miles off Acapulco, when Mexico attempted — so far without success — to rescue the sole survivor.
https://english.elpais.com/international/2025-11-13/mexico-to-intercept-suspected-drug-boats-to-prevent-further-us-bombings.html
https://archive.ph/znEfj

Milei seeks to accelerate Argentina’s copper boom by easing glacier rules
Now Milei plans to send changes that would essentially dilute those protections to Congress for approval, said the person, who couldn’t be named discussing behind-the-scenes deliberations. Another option for Milei – who has a renewed mandate to advance his deregulation agenda after a resounding win in midterms last month – would be to make changes via decree. But the congressional path would give companies an extra safeguard.
https://www.batimes.com.ar/news/economy/milei-seeks-to-accelerate-argentinas-copper-boom-by-easing-glacier-rules.phtml
https://archive.ph/zsWEB

Powerful politicians will be in jail by Christmas for corruption scandal, Philippine president says
Vice President Sara Duterte, who has had a bitter political feud with Marcos, said the president also should be held accountable for signing into law the 2025 national budget that carried appropriations for anomalous infrastructure projects. “He has a big shortcoming in his work for the nation so he can put himself in jail,” Duterte told reporters Thursday.
https://apnews.com/article/flood-control-corruption-philippines-ferdinand-marcos-jr-3972804a08eb6b06a74c12a4b3ae8335

Cambodia evacuates a village on Thai border as tensions rise
About 250 families from the village where the shooting took place — Prey Chan, in Cambodia’s north-west province of Banteay Meanchey — were evacuated to a Buddhist temple about 18 miles from the border, said provincial Vice-Governor Ly Sovannarith.
https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/cambodia-evacuates-village-thai-border-tensions-rise

Over 150 Palestinian refugees denied entry and stranded at OR Tambo airport
The refugees, who arrived from Nairobi, Kenya, on Thursday morning, were denied entry due to missing exit stamps in their passports – a move that humanitarian organisation Gift of the Givers claims was deliberately orchestrated by Israeli authorities to compound their plight. According to Gift of the Givers founder Dr Imtiaz Sooliman, the group landed at the airport but were prohibited from disembarking the aircraft.
On Thursday evening, they were still on the plane.
https://www.news24.com/southafrica/news/over-150-palestinian-refugees-denied-entry-and-stranded-at-or-tambo-airport-20251113-1133
https://archive.ph/5yTt0

Paramilitary force pushes east in new escalation of Sudan's war
Escalating drone strikes and new deployments of troops and weapons by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces and the army suggest both sides are now centring their efforts on Kordofan, a region comprised of three states that serves as a buffer between the RSF's western Darfur strongholds and the army-held states in the east.
https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/paramilitary-force-pushes-east-new-escalation-sudans-war-2025-11-13/

Mohammed bin Salman expected to lobby Trump over UAE role in Sudan, sources say
A Sudanese source briefed on the call between Mohammed bin Salman and Burhan said that the general told the crown prince there was no way the war in Sudan would end without US pressure on the UAE. The source told MEE that Mohammed bin Salman promised Burhan he would raise the issue with Trump. An Arab diplomat in the region told MEE that Abu Dhabi is anticipating Mohammed bin Salman's visit to Washington to result in such pressure.
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/saudi-arabia-crown-prince-expected-lobby-trump-against-uae-arming-sudan-rsf

Outrage in Lebanon as extremist Israeli settlers offer land for 'sale' in south
Annotated maps shared by the settler group have been shared on various websites and social media platforms seen by The New Arab, and show areas including the west Beqaa, Hasbaya, Chebaa farms, Tyre, Bint Jbeil, and Marjayoun labelled with Hebrew names.
https://www.newarab.com/news/israeli-settlers-offer-lebanese-land-sale-amid-outrage
R: 62 / I: 16

AI will destroy

the careers of millions of artists. Do you care?
R: 162 / I: 148

Post Here Every Time You Visit This Board

Post something when ever you visit this board.
Also post Teto
R: 59 / I: 3 (sticky)

Welcome to /leftymu/ sticky (WIP)

Discuss what info, links, resources, etc. to add on this sticky as well as drop ideas and suggestions to the /leftymu/ board at large

Matrix room: https://matrix.to/#/#leftymusic:matrix.org
R: 432 / I: 78

/FrancoPol/ 🇫🇷

🇫🇷🇫🇷🇫🇷 Aux armes, citoyens ! 🇫🇷🇫🇷🇫🇷
I noticed there is no thread for France related shit. So let this be one. French people deserve a safe space and guarantees for their continued existence on loser imageboards!
J'ai remarqué qu'il n'y a pas de thread dedié pour la France, alors que les salauds américains et anglais en ont des centaines. Français, ne succombez pas à l'impérialisme anglochiotte!

Subjets of Macronpiter, leave a post.
R: 7 / I: 1

Well well well leftists..

Trump is a fraud, you were right about this, however.. You don't have a [peaceful] solution for anything. So America is pretty much done for.
R: 273 / I: 48

Sex and Relationships General #54

Previous thread >>708795
R: 119 / I: 31

/CRISIS/

Today a very much of fictitious "value" was loss on them Wall StreetZ thx to Trumpfgd's tariff's on Choynah. The US A"I" conglomerate is a complete bubble. Laydowns going on in the US. Real estate market status in US: fugged.

Let's celebrate the impovireshment of the first world while China keeps rising! Please post them stonks & predictions.

This is a pro-eggplant/brinjal/aubergine 🍆 thread and also anti-tomato 🍅 thread. Please respexts these common sense sensibilities. Thx.
R: 118 / I: 34 (sticky)

Spoilering NSFW images

For compliance reasons, the moderation team has voted to MANDATE spoilering all NSFW images, site-wide.

This takes effect as of now, August 16, 2025. Please take note.
R: 9 / I: 2
“All practical work in connection with the organization of the uprising was carried out under the direct leadership of Comrade Trotsky, Chairman of the Petrograd Soviet. It can be said with certainty that the party owes the rapid transition of the garrison to the side of the Soviet and the bold execution of the uprising above all and mainly to Comrade Trotsky.”
- J.V. Stalin, Pravda, November 6, 1918
R: 118 / I: 34

/leftybritpol/

"turns out conservatives and reactionaries are just dumb after all" edition.

news:
- Your Party is suing itself, more at 11.
- The SNP and Plaid are going to form a "progressive alliance" somehow
- The government's going to do a switcheroo by raising income tax slightly and cutting national insurance to balance it out. (But they won't - follow this to its logical conclusion and scrap NI entirely)
- They're also considering cutting VAT on energy bills (which is the least efficient way of lowering bills you can imagine)
- The board of deputies asked Aston Villa for free footy tickets. In a worrying sign of rising antisemitism, Aston said nah.
- Labour is falling behind the Greens in the opinion polls as their strategy of copying Reform drives away their already-begrudging supporters without winning over any Reform voting reprobates. Nobody could have predicted this.
R: 23 / I: 10

/ukr/ - Russia-Ukraine War General #269

Money is very funny in a Banderite world edition.

Previous: >>2540767

Evidence of the influence and origin of neo-Nazi groups in Ukraine

https://archive.ph/44B9Q
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323637
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323658
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323663
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323688
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323729
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323733
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323731
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323735
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323740
https://azovlobby.substack.com/
https://banderalobby.substack.com/

—————————————————–

ALWAYS APPROACH SOURCES CRITICALLY

Live maps and updates
DeepStateMap: https://deepstatemap.live
Events in Ukraine: https://eventsinukraine.substack.com/
SouthFront: https://southfront.press/category/all-articles/world/europe/ukraine/

Watch Together
📺 News/events: https://tv.leftypol.org/r/HappeningsviaKlash
📺 Hangout/chill: https://tv.leftypol.org/r/bloodcast

Watch By Yourself
>Video Essays / Historical Background
📺 • Ukraine: The Avoidable War - Boy Boy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LL4eNy4FCs8

📺 • Ukraine's Nazi Problem - The Marxist Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4yZvWAwU5W4

📺 • America, Russia, and Ukraine's Far Right - Gravel Institute
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0pyVJG7_6Q

📺 • The Nature of Putin's Russia and Its Causes (3-Part Series) - 1Dime
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8d6Vzi7zYg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zODWTfMwFGw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Zuygh9Mzuo

<Current Happenings

📺 • The Grayzone: https://www.youtube.com/@thegrayzone7996
📺 • DDGeopolitics: https://www.youtube.com/@DDGeopolitics
📺 • Defense Politics Asia: https://www.youtube.com/@DefensePoliticsAsia
📺 • The Duran: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdeMVChrumySxV9N1w0Au-w
📺 • The News Atlas: https://www.youtube.com/c/thenewatlas
📺 • Military Summary: https://www.youtube.com/@militarysummary

—————————————————–

Social media
>Twitter
https://twitter.com/GeromanAT
https://twitter.com/plnewstoday
https://twitter.com/RALee85
https://twitter.com/MarQs__
https://twitter.com/KofmanMichael
https://twitter.com/IntelCrab
https://twitter.com/michaelh992
https://twitter.com/Suriyakmaps

<Telegram

https://t.me/milinfolive
https://t.me/hueviykharkov
https://t.me/conflictzone
https://t.me/vorposte
https://t.me/intelslava
https://t.me/grey_zone
https://t.me/AussieCossack
https://t.me/asbmil
https://t.me/Slavyangrad

🇷🇺🇺🇦
Thread guidelines:
• Please remember to add a spoiler to NSFW and extreme content such as graphic violence and gore.
• Try your best to not derail discussion too much from the main events and relevant places where the war is taken place, as well as other happenings, groups and public figures related to it.
• Meta discussion of the historical, philosophical and ideological background of the war is fine as long as its done in good faith and comradely.
• In the event the meta discussion overstays its welcome, participating users will be referred to take the conversation to the INTERNATIONALISM general thread.
• Quality shitposting and original content is encouraged! Spamming glowie memes is low effort.
• this is a very super cool thread mods pls no edit
R: 2 / I: 1

Why can't women be more low maintenanceor rather self reliant.

Every woman near my age I've seen in this city, even my sister, act like manchildren, or womanchildren I guess. You have to pay for their meals, pay for their shopping every week, drive them around, handle their problems, attend to them like they're your pet, but they just… sit around looking pretty I guess. Yeah, pretty much like a pet, that's about the same as my dog, though he has much lower upkeep than a girlfriend, though girlfriends at least don't make you scoop their shit. There's something really wrong with the North American culture surrounding women, it's like they've kept the traditional gender roles in a mutated way. It's still men are providers, women are dependents, but the women don't cook or clean and do chores anymore, in fact I'm pretty sure these girls don't know how to cook, so now they just expect "princess treatment". Fuck this shit, maybe I should go to Europe or China

females (but also males so not an exclusive men thing) in my family. behave like actual children when they should be taught to not me stubborn or live independently. at least from my dad’s side of the family anyways. i feel like this is also an exclusive anglo as well cause i’ve seen latin american moms that would still cook, clean, etc. but that’s probably also because im latin american too, but yeah you should probably visit europe or asia, because patriarchy in north america is just messed up and now even weirder. not like patriarchy is a good thing to begin with anyways.

It really has been gender roles for thee but not for me. Maybe its rose tinted glasses but even in the 2010s it felt like the whole girl boss liberalism at least aspired to do away with those even if that didnt happen in reality. Now it's just fuck you you will do everything and get little in return.

I don't know if it'll be better in china though, lopsided gender ratio and all. In general it seems like a lot of Chinese parents in the cities spoil their children even if its in a slightly different way than here, male or female
R: 13 / I: 5

American woman describes being arrested for abortion

>By the spring of 2024, a newly sober Isenberg felt like she could finally stop performing all the time and just be herself, a complex human being who was still learning. She planned to spend the summer living with her parents while saving up money. In the fall, she would become the first person in her family to attend a four-year college. Then she got pregnant.

>The news brought a “sense of dread,” says Isenberg. Her first thought was strong and immediate: I’m not going to have a baby. After a friend had described having an abortion, Isenberg’s own mindset had started to shift. She’d begun to think of herself as pro-choice. It wouldn’t be the end of the world, she thought, if I had an abortion. This is something I’m allowed to do.


>It may seem strange that Isenberg would reach out to Turner in this moment. But she was feeling stressed, sick, and confused and wanted to have a backup plan just in case she didn’t go through with the abortion. She knew Turner—who’d also recently left PAAU but whose politics were growing more, not less, conservative—would try to talk her out of it, but she’d also recently seen Turner using her social media platforms to raise money for pregnant women and mothers in need. Isenberg had less than $100 in her bank account. If she changed her mind, she would be in dire need of financial help.


>“I was also thinking, This is Kristin Turner, the girl I was friends with,” remembers Isenberg. “I wasn’t thinking, She is acting as a vessel for people who are much more powerful than her.”


>Turner put Isenberg in touch with an organization that gave money to women with “crisis pregnancies.” She also asked for Isenberg’s address so she could send her a care package and promised a McDonald’s breakfast if Isenberg agreed to get her ultrasound at a crisis pregnancy center instead of the Charlotte Planned Parenthood (Isenberg declined the latter).


>Isenberg expected Turner and members of PAAU to offer her “counseling” and a lecture on the psychological impacts of abortion and how carrying out a pregnancy is a “nonviolent choice.” She assumed they’d ask their Instagram followers to “say a prayer for my friend who’s chosen the heartbreak of abortion,” as she’d once posted for others. But she believed that in the end, they’d respect her right to choose her own care. She thought that after she’d ignored Turner at her Planned Parenthood ultrasound, Turner would leave her alone.


>Her boyfriend, who’d been supportive since Isenberg had told him she was pregnant, drove them back to his house that day. Isenberg changed into comfortable clothes, hoping to take a nap or watch TV. A few hours later, at around 4 p.m., Turner texted again. She was at a nearby hotel with a young woman named Lydia Gibson.


>Over coffee, the women chatted for more than an hour before Turner mentioned that Isenberg’s boyfriend seemed like a nice guy. Didn’t she want to marry him and have his baby? Maybe in the future, responded Isenberg, but not yet, not now. And just like that, Turner’s tone changed. She started questioning whether Isenberg’s boyfriend was abusing Isenberg and wondering if he was forcing her to have an abortion.


>Isenberg was done. She asked for an immediate ride back to her boyfriend’s house. Turner refused, saying that Isenberg was in an “unsafe situation” and they didn’t feel comfortable taking her there. “She was putting increasing pressure on me,” recalls Isenberg. “And it’s like the frog in the boiling pot, you know? It gets to the point where you realize you’ve been cooking the whole fucking time, and it’s like, ‘I need to get out of this situation.’”


>Isenberg began the long walk back. She only made it a few blocks before an Emergency Medical Services vehicle stopped her.


>The driver said they’d received a call from someone who was concerned her friend was going to hurt herself. They were looking for a petite white girl wearing a brown t-shirt, which Isenberg was, walking by herself down the street. She found herself explaining the spiraling situation—that she was thinking of having an abortion and her former friends were upset about it. The EMTs believed her and called a police officer to drive Isenberg home.


>While her boyfriend cooked dinner, Isenberg went outside to make a phone call. As she paced across the lawn in her bare feet, wearing boxers, a t-shirt and no bra, blinding headlights approached. For a second, she thought it was Turner and Gibson again, but it was a different cop who stepped out of that car. “We have a warrant saying you are a danger to yourself and others,” Isenberg remembers the officer saying. “We’ve got to take you into custody, and they’re wanting to hold you for 72 hours in the psych ward at the hospital.” They were going to have her involuntarily committed.


>Isenberg and her boyfriend tried to explain and, in shock, she took a few steps back. “Don’t turn away from me, girl, because I’ll cuff you,” she says the officer warned. I have to stop moving and stop crying or else I’m not going to make it out of this in one piece, thought Isenberg. As she was put into the back of a squad car, she asked her boyfriend to bring her a pair of shoes.


>At the hospital, Isenberg tried to pull herself together. Her fate seemed to hinge on her credibility, but it was hard to look credible when two huge cops were marching her through the ER. In a triage room, nurses checked Isenberg’s vitals and gave her a gown. She repeated her story to every person she met, hoping someone would recognize she wasn’t supposed to be there.


>Isenberg would later learn that Lydia Gibson, in a sworn affidavit to the Gaston County magistrate, said that Isenberg “was struggling” and had taken “a bunch of pills trying to kill herself.” Gibson went further, asserting that Isenberg had “been raped before” and was “in the worst mental place of her life.” Gibson said that Isenberg’s “personality” was “not aligned with her values.” Gibson said she had driven to North Carolina “out of concern for the patient regarding her health care decisions.” (In a Reddit post from early 2025, Gibson claimed that she went to the magistrate because Isenberg had recently been to rehab and expressed “suicidal ideations” during their conversation. “I do not regret trying to intervene, to save her and her baby, and to get her the help she needed,” wrote Gibson. Cosmopolitan reached out to Gibson, who declined to comment. Isenberg says she has never experienced suicidal thoughts and certainly never expressed any to Gibson that day.)


https://www.cosmopolitan.com/lifestyle/a69167837/charlotte-isenberg-anti-abortion-activist-story/

You are in denial if you believe this isn’t the end goal of American conservatives: having pregnant people involuntarily committed to mental hospitals and prison for seeking abortion care. Working-class/proletarian women will be the most affected by this.
R: 3 / I: 0
this is currently the most based political leader in the world. you may not like it, but its true
R: 3 / I: 1
If the price of something is determined by the amount of human work that goes into it, how does one explain the price of luxury items or artworks (which only require a little bit of work but are overpriced due to the supply/demand imbalance)?

It might seem like a bunch of impertinent exceptions that could be overlooked but
- the luxury industry is far from being marginal
- if the premise that the value of something is determined by the amount of human work that goes into it isn't true in every context, then the whole law of falling rate of profit doesn't hold true in every context either

(It's been 3 years since I last read Das Kapital and I'm too lazy to read it again)
R: 4 / I: 0

Racial map according to Americans

In America whiteness isn’t based off of skin color but rather if or if not Americans like you.
R: 516 / I: 114

Fallout General - What side is do you choose in Fallout new Vegas ?

of course most /pol/tards side with caser's legion but looking at it almost every single faction is awful one way or the other, The NCR is literally a reboot of America that is in the middle of a manifest destiny, House is a egotistical maniac and probably appeals to Musk bros and Yes man is just a libertarian wet dream
R: 314 / I: 103
/PRC/ People's Republic of China 17
>Taking the grillpill aboard Tiangong.
Original threads:
https://archive.ph/S2XYA
https://archive.ph/Ytckv

leftypol.org archives:
https://archive.is/https://leftypol.org/leftypol/res/30501.html

bunekrchan.xyz archives:
https://archive.is/https://bunkerchan.xyz/leftypol/res/8925.html
https://archive.is/yrBUN
https://archive.is/pCecr
previous thread: >>2532063
R: 13 / I: 3

Making education free for everybody

How do we arrive to that point? Most courses can be found completely online and free of costs, and they are far better explained than most universities. There must be a way to give equal to everyone.
R: 24 / I: 1

/mu/ - Music General

What do you listen while you wagecuck, anons?
R: 24 / I: 11

It needs to be said:

Communism was wasted on slavic people. I cannot think of a more undeserving people that chance fell onto.
R: 0 / I: 0

Kino

More people should talk about Kino here, its so fucking peak.

Tell me, what's their best album in your opinion? In my opinion its definitely Чёрный альбом (Black album)
R: 111 / I: 12

Why isn't China funneling money to combat anti-communist propaganda in the west/

Why isn't China funneling money to combat anti-communist propaganda in the west? Or anti-chinese propaganda? Or anything like that? All they do is whine about the confucious institute but its clearly not doing jackshit since sinophobia and anti-communism continue to be rampant. Where are the think tanks? Why aren't they financing channels to screw over the algorhytmn? Why? If they're doing something or anything at all its not enough. Anywhere east of Russia is generally an anti-communist shithole that holds no respect for China and millions of citizens brainwashed into pro-American slopaganda about how China's "stealing technology from the US", "China is totalitarian surveillence undemocratic state when west is freedumz n freeze peach", "Russia aggressor 2022 Putin dictator" "Hummus antisemitism". Why is China letting this retardation continue? Its only fueling the retardation war machine and conditioning the retarded to die for retardation. Why come China is just letting anti-chinese and anti-communist propaganda flood the internet? China is literally winning on all grounds except propaganda, why hasn't it solidified its global importance by financing anti-western sentinment? Why do we have to be forced to listen and see all this retarded bullshit and argue with it to no avail when China has the power to finance cointel to win the information war?
R: 59 / I: 11

Materialist Explanation?

Did Russia win the Cold War in this regard?
R: 7 / I: 2
Who is pol pot putting in the /pol/ pot today?
R: 1 / I: 0

Gen Z LAUGHS As Boomers Think Oxygen is Communist Now

Fair wages are communist. Affordable housing is communist. Healthcare is communist. And now apparently… oxygen is too.

We’ve officially reached the point where boomers and capitalist shills will label literally anything that benefits regular people as communism — even breathing air. But here’s the problem: the logic behind their arguments doesn’t just fall apart… it exposes the entire foundation of capitalism as one giant scam.

In today’s video, we dive deep into how everything we’ve been told about “free markets” is a lie — and how the Earth itself proves it.

💨 The capitalist myth that “nothing is free” — debunked by nature itself
💨 How ancient hunter-gatherers lived healthier, freer lives than we do today
💨 Why paying for land, food, and even oxygen is not normal
💨 The three biggest capitalist lies that justify modern slavery
💨 And how this delusional anti-communist paranoia is driving us straight into dystopia

It’s time to stop accepting a system that charges us for what was created for free — the land, the air, and even our right to exist.

So before they put oxygen behind a paywall, let’s start the ideological revolution right here, right now.
R: 22 / I: 8

/brg/ - Brazil General

EDIÇÃO AJURICABA
"Ajuricaba foi um importante líder dos povos indígenas da Amazônia. Este cacique dos indígenas Manáos liderou as tribos do Rio Negro na guerra contra os colonialistas portugueses na terceira década do século XVIII"
"Preso, ele seria conduzido a Belém para julgamento. Mas, mesmo acorrentado, lançou-se nas águas do Amazonas, para resistir à prisão."
O covil dos webcomunas no Brasil
Último fio: >>12708
R: 36 / I: 6

Why is it that right-wing pipelines/propaganda are so much more prevalent than left-wing propaganda?

Hello, new user here so please excuse my naivety or possible ignorance.

As I've spent the past few months trying to research history and further define my own political identity, I've fallen down a rabbit-hole from mainstream social media platforms to smaller imageboards (such as this one, which has particularly interested me!).

I was hoping to hear some of your own conclusions as to why it's so much more common to see people fall for right-wing pipelines and propaganda, and whether or not it makes them stupid or just gullible. I started to research niche right-wing online communities (which I will avoid mentioning by name) and have noticed their significant influence despite their small size, and their sheer output of content.

My theory is that right-wing politics provide short, simple answers to complicated issues. Because of that, it's easy to build a community that produces content which mocks people who provide answers that can't be explained in a single paragraph. Also the fact that this content is played off as simply a joke or absurdist humor rather than legitimate propaganda.

Again, sorry if this sounds dumb or has an obvious answer!
R: 38 / I: 7

Iran Water Crisis

I can’t be the only comrade worried about this.

Iran, which has been at the forefront of fighting Zionism and global imperialism, may have to relocate millions of people from Tehran in the next few weeks as the capital city faces a massive water crisis. Tehran is running out of water and the only option the government has is to move its people. Iran may very well have to establish a new capital city closer to a water source. This means spending a ton of money the country doesn’t have.

But it doesn’t stop there. The West and the Zios are already taking advantage of this looming disaster. Once Iran is in a state of crisis the CIA will certainly fund a new colour revolution to overthrow the revolutionary Islamic government and replace it with a western puppet, most likely the ousted Shah’s son. The Zionist entity is mocking Iran and “offering” desalinization plants in exchange that the revolutionary government sell out the Palestinian people and recognize the Zionist settler-colony as “legitimate.” This is disgusting. So far, no one else is offering Iran any aid, not even China.

I fear for both the people of Iran and the state of global anti-imperialism because of this.
R: 566 / I: 107

/CYBERCOM/

This thread is for the discussion of cybercommunism, the planning of the socialist economy by computerized means, including discussions of related topics and creators. Drama belongs in /isg/

Reading
Towards a New Socialism by Paul Cockshott and Allin Cottrell: http://ricardo.ecn.wfu.edu/~cottrell/socialism_book/
Brain of the Firm by Stafford Beer
Cybernetic Revolutionaries by Eden Medina
Cybernetics: Or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine and The Human Use of Human Beings (1st edition) by Norbert Wiener
Economic cybernetics by Nikolay Veduta
People's Republic of Walmart by Leigh Phillips and Michal Rozworski
Red Plenty by Francis Spufford
Economics in kind, Total socialisation and A system of socialisation by Otto Neurath (Incommensurability, Ecology, and Planning: Neurath in the Socialist Calculation Debate by Thomas Uebel provides a summary)

Active writers/creators
Sorted by last name
>Paul Cockshott
https://www.patreon.com/williamCockshott/
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVBfIU1_zO-P_R9keEGdDHQ (https://invidious.snopyta.org/channel/UCVBfIU1_zO-P_R9keEGdDHQ)
https://paulcockshott.wordpress.com/
http://paulcockshott.co.uk/
https://twitter.com/PaulCockshott (https://nitter.pussthecat.org/PaulCockshott)
>Cibcom (Spanish)
https://cibcom.org/
https://twitter.com/cibcomorg (https://nitter.pussthecat.org/cibcomorg)
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCav9ad3TMuhiWV6yP5t2IpA (https://invidious.snopyta.org/channel/UCav9ad3TMuhiWV6yP5t2IpA)
>Tomas Härdin
https://www.haerdin.se/tag/cybernetics.html
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5fDgA_eHleDiTLC5qb5g8w (https://invidious.snopyta.org/channel/UC5fDgA_eHleDiTLC5qb5g8w)
>Elena Veduta
http://www.strategplan.com/en/about/veduta.php
Various videos on YouTube but no channel of her own
>Dave Zachariah
https://www.it.uu.se/katalog/davza513
One video on Paul Cockshott's channel

Podcasts
>General Intellect Unit
Podcast of the Cybernetic Marxists
http://generalintellectunit.net/

Previous threads in chronological order
https://archive.is/uNCEY
https://web.archive.org/web/20201218152831/https://bunkerchan.xyz/leftypol/res/997358.html
https://archive.ph/uyggp
https://archive.is/xBFYY
https://archive.ph/Afx5a
https://archive.is/kAPvR
https://archive.is/0sAS2
https://archive.is/jXivP
R: 252 / I: 1090

wplace thread

Post what you find and make on wplace https://wplace.live/. We should also organize and make some art there. I think that would be fun.
R: 61 / I: 8
<Exposure to AI output immediately damages your brain's cognitive abilities
>9/10th's or more of 4chan, reddit and twitter activity is GPT-J bots
>Most video platforms curate suggestions using AI
>Search engines place AI output at top of results
>several platforms implement AI summaries
>Language translation programs being replaced with AI
>Browsers and closed source operating systems integrating AI features into UX
>Schools using AI to mark unusual vocabulary as suspect of being AI generated, advantaging students with average or below literacy.

I know the AI bubble is crashing so this won't continue to be a problem in 5 years, but it is worrying that we don't know how long this brain damage lasts.
R: 2 / I: 0
I work part-time in a small town, repackaging near rotten fruit so it can be sold for 2x the price, the lady who's a higher-up at the store I work at constantly micromanages me even though I never do anything wrong,
she always makes my already nauseating job of picking through moldy berries even harder by not even checking the ones which are clearly off and throwing them right in with the good ones i spent so much time on then goes and throws away perfectly good bread.
who fucking came up with the idea of having a boss or some higher-up who shoves orders down your throat, this shit is really getting in the way of productivity.
R: 238 / I: 50

/rus/ - Russia General

Thread №2

Переможный, переговорный, пятнадцатотравневый.

Продолжаем трястись и ждать мобку.
Лолируем с красных фашистов, пыняславов и чучхеисов - вместе.
Переезжаем в тюмень, так как там нефтяная мекка и все жрут черную икру поварешками.
Левый поворот путина будет… надо только подождать… еще лет двадцать.
R: 74 / I: 14

how exactly do wignats expect to achieve their "ethnostate"

This is a question I have always had, usually when reading their forums they just go on and on about how they're going to magically deport 100 million non-whites from America and then they'll live happily ever after.
No actual realistic steps seem to be discussed ever. It's either pining for deportations or masturbatory fantasies about Total (insert boogeyman here) Death
This isn't even getting into how contradictory these types can be, plenty of white nationalists will pine after non white women
R: 327 / I: 123

Hazbin Hotel

How do you feel about it (and its creator)?
also please spam Charlie pics
R: 76 / I: 13

Kill la Kill

Just finished this show and it has become one of my favorites. On the surface this anime appears to be trash anime packed full of fan service, but on watching it the so called "trash anime" is brimming with substance. excellent character design, badass soundtrack, and one of the satisfying endings I have seen in a long time. This show can make a scene of a butt naked woman running around killing enemy's with nothing but her toe nail feel empowering and not at all exploitative and fan servicey. What are your guys opinion on the show?
R: 112 / I: 98

Post Her Every time You Visit This Board

⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠤⠤⠤⠄⣀⠄⠄⠄⠱⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠁⠂⢄⢘⡾⠤⠐⠒⠒⠄⠄⠄⠄⠐⠒⠠⢀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠐⢄⠄⠐⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⠝⣶⣄⠄⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠤⠶⠶⠦⣼⣿⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡠⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠒⠒⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡠⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡀⠠⠄⠒⠒⠒⠏⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠞⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡀⠄⠂⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣠⠃⢀⡴⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⡠⠂⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣀⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⡼⢁⠔⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠⠚⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠉⠻⢦⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠄⢀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣾⡷⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠑⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠑⢄⣀⡐⠄⢶⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣾⡿⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠢⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠰⣝⢷⣀⡘⣃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣾⣿⠇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠈⠪⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢂⠄⠹⣯⡿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣼⣿⣿⠋⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⡃⠄⠠⠁⠄⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠄⠄⣤⠋⠄⠉⠠⠜⣄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢡⣰⣽⣿⣌⢻⣧⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣼⣿⣿⣿⡟⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⠇⡰⠁⠄⠄⠄⡎⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢂⠄⠄⢻⡀⠄⠄⠄⠈⠪⡀⠄⠄⠄⣴⣣⠄⠄⠄⠄⣻⣿⣿⣿⣷⡻⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡀⠄⠄⠄⢀⡴⠁⡴⢁⣀⣤⡄⠄⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢂⠄⠄⠱⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢀⠄⠄⢰⣿⣧⠄⠄⠄⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⡿⠄⠄⣠⠎⢀⣞⢠⢸⣿⣿⣇⣸⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⣆⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠳⡀⠄⠘⢆⠄⠄⠄⣤⣽⣯⠄⠸⠟⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⡟⢿⣿⣿⡷⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣻⠂⠄⠄⣿⣤⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⠿⠿⢳⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⡀⠄⠄⡄⠄⠙⢦⡀⢸⡇⠄⠄⠙⠞⠌⡀⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢡⠄⢻⣿⣿⣶⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣼⣟⢿⣻⠄⠑⠟⡀⠄⢀⡼⠃⠄⣿⣿⣿⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠈⠄⠄⢃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⡇⠄⠄⣿⠄⠄⠄⠙⢾⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡇⠄⢸⡀⠄⢀⠄⠄⠄⠈⡀⠄⢿⣿⠇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡏⣿⢿⣿⠄⠄⠈⢣⣤⡾⠁⠄⠄⣿⣿⣿⠄⠸⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣾⣷⡀⢰⠇⢃⠄⠄⠄⠐⡉⠛⠶⣤⣤⡴⠃⠄⢸⡇⠄⢸⣦⡀⠄⠄⠁⠄⠸⡿⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣇⣿⣿⢿⠄⠄⣰⣄⠘⡌⣆⠄⢠⣿⣿⣿⡆⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠐⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⡄⠄⠄⠄⢀⡀⣸⡟⣿⡇⣼⠄⠈⢶⣄⠄⠄⣷⠄⡆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡇⠄⢸⣿⣷⡄⠄⠐⠄⠄⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢡⣿⣿⢸⡇⠄⣹⣿⣧⠹⣹⡆⣼⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⡏⡎⢿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠸⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠰⡄⠄⢀⣼⣿⣿⠃⣿⣷⡏⠄⠄⠈⢿⣆⠄⣿⣧⣷⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡇⠄⡼⠛⢿⣿⡄⠄⡄⠄⢱⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⡿⣿⠄⣿⡀⢸⣿⣿⣆⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢃⠄⢻⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⣹⣾⣄⢀⠄⠄⢠⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⡏⠄⣿⣿⣃⣀⣀⠠⠬⢿⣧⣿⡿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⢰⡇⠄⠃⠄⢸⣿⣿⡄⡇⠄⡌⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⣿⡟⠄⢸⣧⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⠾⠶⠤⢿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠉⠙⣿⣶⣦⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗⠚⣿⡏⠉⢀⣀⣠⣄⣈⢿⣿⡗⢻⣿⡀⠄⠄⠄⢸⡇⡘⠄⠄⢸⣿⠉⣯⠄⢠⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢻⡇⠄⠄⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⣦⠤⣤⣬⣆⡻⣿⣿⡄⠄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠤⣰⣿⡿⠿⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣷⠂⢿⣇⠄⠄⠄⣼⢡⠃⢀⢀⣾⣿⡆⡇⠠⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⡇⠄⠄⠈⢿⣿⣿⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠇⠄⢠⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠄⠏⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⡚⠉⠄⠄⢻⣿⣿⣿⡿⡟⠐⠻⠄⣸⣿⡀⠄⢀⣿⡾⡠⠂⣼⣿⣿⣿⡷⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢿⣿⡀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⢎⠄⠄⠄⠻⣿⣿⣿⡻⠻⣿⣧⠈⡄⠙⢿⡈⠻⣿⣿⣷⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠛⠛⠉⠉⠈⠄⠄⣸⣿⣿⡇⠄⢸⣿⡿⠁⣼⣿⣿⣿⠟⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢻⡇⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⡁⠄⠄⠈⠉⠉⠄⠄⠄⠈⠙⢷⣔⡀⠄⠱⡀⠈⢿⣿⣧⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠜⣋⡼⣿⣿⢀⣿⠋⢀⣾⣿⣿⡿⠋⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡤⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠲⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⢇⠑⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣀⣔⢵⣾⠟⢀⣿⣿⣼⣏⣴⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣯⣷⣢⣄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠤⠚⠉⣰⠟⢁⣴⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢦⡈⠉⠉⠉⠄⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠜⣡⡴⠟⠋⢁⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣍⡒⢤⣀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠⣄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣰⠕⢛⡉⠤⠐⠚⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢨⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠦⠭⠴⠦⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠⢰⣒⣭⠔⠉⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠙⠟⠢⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢻⡇⠐⣻⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠐⠶⠶⠶⠶⠄⠄⠄⠂⠈⢡⡞⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠳⠄⠐⢿⣿⡆⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠⢴⠟⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠻⣷⠄⠄⠙⢛⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣷⡦⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡟⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠑⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠪⡻⣿⣆⠙⠿⡆⠈⠉⠊⠑⢄⡀⠄⠄⣀⣤⣾⠇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢦⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⠻⡆⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠉⣽⣿⣿⣿⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢿⡀⠄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠿⣷⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⡴⣞⣿⣭⣛⣶⣄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⡄⠈⠐⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠻⣷⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣣⡽⣆⠄⠠⠄⠄⠄⣿⣞⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢹⣇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⡿⠿⢛⣿⣯⣾⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⡀⠄⠄⢹⣿⡜⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡀⣽⣿⡆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⢷⣠⡿⠙⠋⠙⠛⣿⠃⣤⣸⠃⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⡘⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠡⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣠⢎⣾⣿⣿⡽⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⠳⠶⠶⠶⢛⣡⣾⣿⣿⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣀⠔⠈⣾⣿⣿⣧⢸⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⠿⠛⠿⠿⠃⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢳⣦⣄⣀⡀⠄⠠⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠⠒⠉⠄⠄⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠉⠛⠛⠛⠯⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠⠐⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠄⠸⣯⣆⠄⢠⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠄⣠⣄⠘⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣠⣾⣿⡟⢁⠟⠄⠄⠄⠹⣿⡔⣿⣇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣯⢧⠄⠄⣿⡉⠄⠆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣠⣾⣟⡽⠋⠄⣷⠄⠄⠄⢀⠔⠙⢥⡿⠟⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⡾⣿⣾⡀⠄⣿⣇⠄⢠⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⣿⠄⠄⡄⠁⠄⠄⠄⠈⢱⣆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⡇⠄⢹⣿⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠰⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⣿⣆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠄⢸⣿⡇⠄⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠄⠄⢸⠄⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⣿⣦⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠈⣿⣇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢃⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣾⢫⡽⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⣰⣰⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢻⣿⣧⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⣿⣿⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠉⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠁⠢⠈⡆⠄⢄⢀⠼⠿⣿⣷⡙⠻⣿⠃⠄⠄⠋⢀⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⢿⣷⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢹⣿⣿⡆⠄⢸⣿⠄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠐⢤⣄⠤⠄⠄⠈⣿⣿⣷⡀⡌⠄⢠⠶⢐⡝⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⢷⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣠⣴⠾⠻⢿⡆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⡇⠄⢸⣿⡇⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢰⣤⠄⢐⣒⠶⣔⢄⠄⠄⠈⠣⢄⠄⠄⣸⢿⣿⣿⠟⠄⢠⢡⠣⡲⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢣⠄⠄⢀⣴⡿⡟⠿⠄⠄⠘⣇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣷⠄⢸⣿⣷⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠋⡟⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠑⢕⠄⠄⠄⠄⠑⢾⢿⠈⠿⠃⠄⢀⣣⢣⡵⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢇⠰⠿⠋⠡⠄⠄⠂⠄⠄⣿⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⣿⣿⣿⠄⢸⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡠⠆⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠳⣬⣀⣄⣀⡠⠛⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⠉⠄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⣿⣿⣿⡆⢸⣿⣿⠇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⡠⠐⡀⢄⠄⠄⠄⠹⣿⣿⠋⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⡄⢂⠄⠄⠄⢀⡀⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⠟⢿⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠰⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠⠄⠐⠘⠓⠄⠈⠉⠉⠉⠰⠄⠄⠘⢹⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⡀⠢⡀⠄⠸⠋⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣇⠸⠄⠈⠘⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢃⠄⠰⠸⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢳⠄⠐⢄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⠄⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢄⣀⠄⠄⠄⢐⣠⠄⠄⠄⠘⠠⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢧⠄⠄⢂⠄⠄⠄⢰⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣸⣿⣿⣿⡟⠃⢀⣀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠉⠚⠛⠿⠏⡐⠄⠄⠄⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⠄⠄⠄⢃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣆⠄⠄⢂⠄⠄⠸⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠘⢂⠘⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠁⠄⡄⠇⢀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠈⢄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⣿⣿⡄⠄⠄⢆⠄⠄⢇⠄⠄⠄⠄⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠾⠆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣀⡰⣶⣤⣄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠻⠄⠈⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⣷⣄⠄⠄⠈⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠈⠄⠄⠸⡄⠄⠄⠄⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠨⢷⣴⡾⡉⠻⣿⣿⡿⠂⣠⠃⡆⠄⠄⠘⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢹⣿⠃⣥⡀⠄⠄⠑⢄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⡠⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣃⠄⠄⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡙⠻⠦⣁⡻⠋⣠⣾⠁⡰⠁⠄⠄⠄⠘⢆⠄⠄⠄⠄⢿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢲⣤⣄⣀⣀⡀⡀⣀⣀⣠⣤⠖⠉⠄⠄⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠠⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠹⣿⣿⣿⠞⠁⠄⠄⡀⡴⡇⠄⠑⢤⡀⠄⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠙⠛⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⢿⣿⣿⡿⠛⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠄⠄⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣀⣀⡀⢀⡿⠠⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⡁⠇⠄⠄⣸⣿⣶⡤⣷⡟⢿⣿⢿⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠛⠉⢦⣀⡸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣼⣿⣿⡿⣻⠁⠡⠁⠂⠄⠄⠄⢸⢁⠄⠄⢠⢿⣿⣿⠁⣿⠁⠄⠻⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠐⠄⠄⠠⢁
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡠⠄⢰⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠛⠟⠉⠐⢃⡔⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⡈⠄⢠⡞⢸⣿⣿⠄⡏⠄⠄⠄⣭⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⠶⠒⣀⠄⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⡆⢡⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠠⣪⠟⠄⠄⢀⠂⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠄⣿⡇⠸⢟⠁⠄⠇⠄⠄⠄⢻⣿⠶⠄⠄⠄⡠⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣀⣠⡤⢾⠿⢿⣛⣛⣻⣋⠄⣠⣾⣿⡇⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⠹⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⣿⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⣆⠄⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠂⠡⠚⠁⠄⠄⡠⠁⠄⠰⠄⠄⠈⠄⢸⣿⣥⣄⡂⠤⢀⠘⣄⠄⠄⣰⠃⠄⠄⢔⣈⡠⠤⠄⠒⣂⣉⣥⣤⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⡠⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠄⢻⣿⣿⣇⠄⠄⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⡘⢆⠠⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⡀⠄⠄⠄⢀⠃⠄⢠⠄⠄⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣿⠃⠠⠍⡠⣂⣭⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢋⠤⠊⠄⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠄⠄⠈⢿⣿⣿⣄⠄⠄⠈⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠱⡀⢣⠐⠄⠄⠄⠒⠂⠄⠉⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⠾⢱⡀⠘⠄⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠠⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠝⠊⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠄⠄⠈⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠻
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠐⣸⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡠⠁⠄⠄⣷⣼⣇⣼⣿⣿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢰⡆⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠋⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠄⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠣⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣀⣀⠤⠊⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠘⡇⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡟⠋⠉⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠩⠉⠉⠉⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠺⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⣷⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣼⣿⣿⣿⣏⠈⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⠈⠻⠇⠄⣿⠄⠙⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡌⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠄⠄⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠙⣿⣿⠄⠄⠄⠄⢻⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠰⠄⠄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠄⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣘⣿⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠇⠄⠄⠄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⠄⢠⡿⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠄⠄⢐⠟⠑⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠨⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⢣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⣿⠟⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠁⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡿⠃⠄⢠⡖⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠢⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠌⠄⠄⢰⠏⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
R: 57 / I: 12
Nobody cares about "revisionism". Nobody cares if you think socialism ended in the USSR in 1953 or whatever. Nobody cares about your position on debates and splits that took place decades before they were born. What people *do* care about is that socialism and can solve the problems that face them, like poverty and colonialism. I've seen people here ridicule the notion that socialism is helping people but there is really no other way to build power. People did not follow Lenin because he had the right ideas but because the Bolsheviks were the only conceivable solution that didn't end in what would later be known as fascism. Why does the CPC have near-universal approval in China? Because their system works and it provides for the people. Almost nobody there wants to return to the days of the Cultural Revolution. And where is anti-revisionist cause celebre Albania today? Now just another NATO puppet state. The entire concept of "anti-revisionism" is anti-materialist because it puts ideas before people. It doesn't matter if you have the right ideas because Marxism was never about having the right ideas. What matters is having the right practice. Here's another truke: If your system can be undone by a single bad actor with mere decrees, then maybe it was useless and was never going to make it in the first place.
R: 12 / I: 0
I'm fat queer and autistic and I feel like my entire life I've been made to feel like I am broken and I am wrong and my body is wrong and my feelings are wrong and everything about who I am is wrong and that I need to be fixed. When I was younger I tried very hard to fix myself and be what society expects me to be and I actually made a lot of progress in that respect, but conforming only made me even more miserable, I felt like I lost myself and didn't even know who I was anymore. Now I try to just be myself and be okay with who I am and I'm not so miserable now and I don't hate myself or hate my body anymore, but I still struggle to make a living or be accepted in this world and I still feel like there's no place in the world for someone like me.
R: 19 / I: 2

Bullying

Did you bully kids in your childhood? I bullied those who're white and rich, I felt like they're aliens that wanted to enslave us when we were kids and they never deserved anything they had.
R: 31 / I: 27
I love it when comfort characters punch Nazis.
R: 14 / I: 3

NEVER BEAT YOUR SON!!!

If you do he will grow up to be a tankie.
R: 17 / I: 3

How do I make a game?

Can anyone give me advice on how to programme a game? For my entire life I have been completely repulsed by anything STEM and I could not learn Python even when I was in a programmer friend group growing up. I am autistic in a way where I can't really understand this stuff at all. On top of this, I am completely incapable of being an artist, I tried at school but I could never learn things like perspective.

Is there any way I could try making a game? I have done modding before but I only had to mess with a little bit of code there which the community basically told me what to do, I didn't understand the code I just changed it (slightly). I am 100% sure I could make a great game and I have the perseverence to see it through, I just can't actually do the technical parts of it.

Tbh I don't understand why so many people make video games instead of books, because its so much easier to write a book, all you have to do is sit down and write, while for a video game you have to learn all this weird shit basically that I am too retarded for.
R: 2 / I: 0

The Lessons of History.

Many people believe that economic depressions and recessions cause crime, and that economic booms are associated with low crime rates. History, however, tells a different story.

In my new LSU Press book, The Roots of Violent Crime in America: From the Gilded Age through the Great Depression, I examine in detail United States crime rates over a sixty-year period, from roughly the 1880s to 1940. I wrote about a more recent period, 1940 to 2015, in my previous book, The Rise and Fall of Violent Crime in America (2016). Together, these works provide new insights into the relationship between crime and various social conditions: poverty, immigration, economic crises, weakness in the criminal justice system, group subcultures of violence, and more.

A major issue addressed by Roots of Violent Crime, which I would like to touch on here, is the relationship between economic conditions and violent crime. I will limit my remarks to crimes of violence, that is, murder, rape, assault, and forcible robbery. This leaves out property crimes, such as theft/larceny, fraud, burglary, and arson. I’m also excluding so-called public order offenses, including drunk driving, weapons violations, and immigration crimes.

Property crimes and public order offenses correlate with economic conditions in a different way than violent crimes. One can readily see why. Suppose we have a terrible depression, as in the 1930s, with millions of people desperate for necessities and even for food itself. It doesn’t take much to imagine theft and burglary rising in such a situation. As I will show, however, violent crime does not follow the same trajectory as property crime, though it is widely believed that economic decline is a principal cause of crime increase.

The United States has suffered numerous economic recessions, the worst of which (the Great Depression) lasted for more than a full decade, from the stock market crash of late 1929 to the war boom of 1941. Major recessions also occurred in 1873–1879, 1893–1897, and 2007–2009. But there was no consistent relationship between economic decline or economic booms and violent crime.

In the 1890s, a major recession and the influx of millions of massively impoverished immigrants should by popular assumption have produced higher violent crime rates. As I write in Roots of Violent Crime (p. 168):

“If cities breed crime, then the late nineteenth-century United States should have experienced a crime tsunami. Not only did America’s urban population soar, but the living conditions in those cities were, by contemporary measures, petri dishes for criminality. The new urban masses were poor, often desperately so. They were densely packed into the most appalling housing, when not forced by impoverishment to sleep in public places or police station barracks. Urbanites below the middle class were unable to support their children past age twelve, leading city youth to drop out of school to work long hours, or to join street gangs and steal for survival. The cities were governed by thoroughly crooked municipal regimes, such as the notorious Tammany Hall in New York. The police, essentially a security force for the corrupt city governments, were untrained, incompetent, and abusive—free with their nightsticks, especially in dealing with the ‘dangerous classes’ of poor immigrants. The immigrant groups, moreover, along with African Americans who were just beginning their northward migration, were routinely discriminated against because of their nationality, their religion, or their appearance and socially isolated from the city’s middle class, who fled to less menacing suburbs.”

Despite these dreadful conditions violent crime was low, especially in the big cities of the Northeast. Here are the murder rates (per 100,000) in 1890 for six cities. For comparison, consider the murder rates (per 100,000) in these same cities one century later.

As important as the crime rates are, the nature of violent crime in the 1890s was just as significant. Robbery of strangers, the scourge of the crime wave from the late 1960s to the mid-1990s, was virtually unknown in the late nineteenth century. Crime historian Roger Lane once reported that “robbery at gunpoint was so rare in the urban East” that a Bronx saloon holdup in 1895 made headlines in Philadelphia, and the story ran for a week! In 1990, by contrast, an armed robbery in the Bronx wouldn’t even have produced an article, much less a headline, in New York City newspapers.

Jumping ahead to the 1920s, we find an economic boom period. From 1920 to 1929, the nation’s gross domestic product rose 42 percent. The unemployment rate averaged just 5.5 percent. Disposable personal income went from $71.5 billion to $83.3 billion, a jump of 16.5 percent.

Despite the boom, violent crime soared. The chart below shows homicide rates from 1920 to 1940. Notice that the 1920s rates were around 9 per 100,000, which is about the same as the rate from 1970 to 1990. But the big difference was the absence of “muggings.” Robbery was a much greater threat in the 1970s–1990s

Now, you are probably thinking that Prohibition and the booze gang wars were responsible for the high murder rates in the 1920s. Actually, Prohibition had a mixed impact. On the one hand, it spurred shooting wars between organized crime gangs, which increased murder rates in the biggest cities. On the other hand, Prohibition made beer and other alcoholic beverages very expensive, resulting in less public drunkenness and fewer incidents of associated crimes. It also closed down the saloons, which were centers for young male violence.

The Great Depression of the 1930s underscores the inconsistent relationship between violent crime and the economy. Murder rates had been hovering around 9 per 100,000 when the Crash of 1929 occurred. These rates rose even further in the early ’30s, the worst years of the Depression. By 1932 an estimated 28 percent of the nation’s households, containing 34 million people, did not have a single employed wage earner. The economy began to improve after 1934 and voila! Crime fell off sharply. This suggests that economic improvement reduces violent crime. But . . . there was a major economic downturn in 1937–38 (the “Roosevelt Recession”)—nearly four million people lost their jobs, boosting total unemployment to 11.5 million—and despite this recession within the Depression, violent crime continued to decline.

So, there is no trend, no consistent relationship, between general economic conditions and violent crime. This anomaly continued after World War II. Violent crime soared during pe­riods of great prosperity, such as the late 1960s, and declined during recessions, such as in 2007–2009.

What is the explanation for this? The main factor is that violent crimes (except robbery) are not, by and large, motivated by economic concerns. Murder and assault tend to be precipitated by anger, sexual jealousy, perceived insults and threats, long-standing personal quarrels, and similar issues, frequently facilitated by alcohol or some other disinhibiting substance.

Rises and falls in violent crime are less affected by general economic conditions than by demographics (the size of the young male population), weakness in the criminal justice system, the migration or immigration of groups with historically high rates of violence, violent youth gangs, and the widespread availability of firearms

For over three and a half decades, Barry Latzer served as professor of criminal justice at John Jay College, CUNY, where he was a member of the graduate faculty. He has written five books and nearly ninety scholarly articles and research reports.
R: 283 / I: 1148 (sticky)

MEME TEMPLATES 2: RESURRECTION

site got nuked edition
R: 51 / I: 84

Royal Colony 14

By the invitation of EQG chads
>no hooves
<War of all against all edition
<Gunpowder Treason Day
King James VI & I movie:
https://www.bitchute.com/video/PPRUFSGdI22n/
R: 95 / I: 14
why the fuck do westoids have awful reasons to hate japan? i hate japan too because of its imperialist nature and capitalist economic system. but i never understood the people who claim they hate japan, and it’s because of pedophilia and rape, and the pedo or rape in question are just drawings instead of pulling up actual statistics of pedophilia or rape being normalized in that nation. all i know is that misogyny and racism are a problem in japan so there’s probably a hint already that pedophilia and rape are also normalized in japan as well. this isn’t trying to defend japan or whatever but im rather concerned about how they’re not being critical when criticizing a nation like japan
R: 24 / I: 1

Dating apps

Anybody have any advice on using these? Which ones are best for meeting people like us (you know what i mean, tired, depressed , slightly autistic, etc)?
R: 2 / I: 0

Iran Sex Crisis

I can’t be the only comrade worried about this.

Iran, which has been at the forefront of fighting Zionism and global imperialism, may have to relocate millions of people from Tehran in the next few weeks as the capital city faces a massive sex scarcity crisis. Tehran is running out of available whores and bitches, the only option the government has is to move its incels. Iran may very well have to establish a new capital city closer to a source of potential orgies. This means spending a ton of semen the country doesn’t have.

But it doesn’t stop there. The West and the Zios are already taking advantage of this looming disaster. Once Iran is in a state of crisis the CIA will certainly fund a new colour revolution to overthrow the revolutionary Islamic government and replace it with a western puppet, most likely the ousted Shah’s son. The Zionist entity is mocking Iran and “offering” big tittied jewesses in exchange that the revolutionary government sell out the Palestinian sluts and recognize the Zionist settler-colony as “twinks.” This is disgusting. So far, no one else is offering Iran any aid, not even China.

I fear for both the people of Iran and the state of global anti-imperialism because of this.
R: 107 / I: 82

Big 2d booba #2

Electric boogaloo edition

ITT: lovely anime tits but the thread isnt full anymore

body was too shawty body was too shawty body was too shawty body was too shawty body was too shawty body was too shawty
R: 274 / I: 40

/europol/

Starting this thread and hopefully it stays a general. There's no thread dedicated to the EVROPA and what happens here.

everal European countries are currently reevaluating their military conscription policies, with some, like Croatia, having recently decided to reinstate it. Regarding pension reforms, the debate is also active, with France serving as a prominent example where a recent reform is facing political opposition and proposed suspension.
>Croatia.
Parliament voted in October 2025 to bring back a 2-month compulsory service starting in 2026.
>Germany
The government is moving toward a "new military service" model starting with a mandatory digital questionnaire for young men from 2027, with the potential for mandatory conscription if needed.
>Denmark
Expanding to include women from July 2025. Service is selected via a lottery system from the pool of eligible 18-year-olds.
>Latvia
Reintroduced in 2023. All men between 18 and 27 must serve for 11 months.

Concurrently, pension reform is trying to be pushed in Belgium, France, Bosnia and Slovenia (that I know of). All want to raise the retirement age and lower pensions low term.

Serbia has a rebellion going on for almost a year.

Is there anything else happening?
R: 2 / I: 0
i haven't really paid attention to youtube and that kind of internet content in a few years, any genuinely cool shit i missed?
channels with unique humor or approaches, cool animated projects, or just stuff that feels special compared to most of what's there
R: 19 / I: 2

Is Android kill?

First they made AOSP private, now they won't even let you install your own apps. Is this the end of Android?

https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2025/08/google-will-block-sideloading-of-unverified-android-apps-starting-next-year/
R: 100 / I: 63

Totally Off-Topic / Weed

General Thread for randumb stuff that doesn't deserve their own new threads. And weed. I have several questions and observations, none of which are worthy of dedicated threads. Just put anything like that in here.

I'm watching that show Bosch. Why does Bosch have such stupid tattoos on his arms? Maybe you're supposed to want to read the books. They drop little hints to things that don't always pan out, and I don't think it's because they fucked up.

I have a bunch of really good weed and edibles and concentrates. My cup runneth over.
R: 146 / I: 59

Whatever

It just hit me we dont have any general chit-chat threat, so here it is. Post whatever you want, share whatever you want.
R: 71 / I: 46

OC Thread 18.0

Thread dedicated to /leftypol/ original content.
>Post original content you've made, or OC someone else recently made which you want to share.
<Or ITT collaborate on improving content already made.

If your original content is good enough, it would most likely be shared on the /leftypol/ twitter account!
Make sure to follow us and feel free to leave suggestions on this thread~
https://twitter.com/leftypol_org
https://xcancel.com/leftypol_org

previous thread: >>1945100
>>>/leftypol_archive/1945100 (if it gets archived by mods, don't hold your breath)

New Booru:
https://lefty.pictures

MAKE SURE TO UPLOAD YOUR OC TO THE BOORU SO IT DOESNT GET PRUNED FOREVER!!!
R: 42 / I: 3
I feel like such a failure as gay guy. the only thing other gay people seem to talk about is sex, yet im 19 and still havent ever experienced sex. I havent even ever been able to get a boyfriend. I cant relate at all to all the things other gays talk about because of how I have no experience. It makes me feel so pathetic and out of place in any online gay community.
R: 7 / I: 1

Trump could fight for a new bill that made it so that you have to get raped by a silverback gorilla

as MAGA would go to bat for it. They would make fun of liberals for pretending not to want to be raped by a silverback gorilla and ask why we have to disingenuously complain about everything he does.
R: 9 / I: 1

Dispatch

I did not care for it.

The gameplay loop is fun and the graphics are cool enough; the story and Borderlands-tier dialogue aren't.

Body is still too short or empty, are you kidding me? What more do you want me to write here? I don't have anything else to say. Is this long enough? Can I just submit this post already? Come on, man.
R: 5 / I: 1
My dad is into Hindutva and my mom is an Ulster loyalist. Which is more compatible with Marxism?
R: 38 / I: 0 (sticky)

Reading General Sticky

Hello, /leftypol/!
Welcome to the Reading General Sticky! This thread will be dedicated to the sharing, discussing, and general banter about various leftist thinkers, theories, and political outlooks.

Don't forget to check out >>>/edu/ for more reading and discussion!

———————
Common Right Wing Talking Points Debunks
——————–

Check out the /edu/ thread at
https://leftypol.org/edu/res/5576.html

Also see the relevant leftybooru tag
https://lefty.pictures/post/list/debunk/1
Add topics into the tag list to further narrow down your search!

———————
Reading Matrix Room - Thanks to the /read/ matrix room (https://matrix.to/#/#leftyread:matrix.org)
——————–

——————–
Classical Marxism
——————–
The foundational texts and concepts strictly written and conceived by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.

Tier 1
Communist Manifesto (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/index.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knCYXFisM4k

Theses on Feuerbach (1845) by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/theses/theses.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zA-Gn8q47cs

Wage Labour and Capital (1847) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/wage-labour/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6llbLvm3RAc

Principles of Communism (1847) by Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/11/prin-com.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGcpspooZvk

Critique of the Gotha Programme (1875) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1875/gotha/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIkR-0NeOzw

Socialism: Utopian and Scientific (1880) by Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1880/soc-utop/index.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4_BiWhvVyA

Tier 2
The Holy Family (1844) by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/holy-family/

On The Jewish Question (1844) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/jewish-question/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lu7jgrQ_oF8

Conditions of the Working Class in England (1845) by Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/condition-working-class/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDaK6b6eZrg

The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (1952) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1852/18th-brumaire/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=orxXeE8kn4U

Value, Price and Profit (1865) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1865/value-price-profit/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjhVZW3HJzM

The Civil War in France (1871) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1871/civil-war-france/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSWrTzJFrnQ

Tier 3
Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right (1843) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1843/critique-hpr/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b78lwj_TNVI

Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts (1844) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/preface.htm

The German Ideology (1846) by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ERf6Qvqwr6g

The Poverty of Philosophy (1847) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/poverty-philosophy/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iNy2A2ZpSEU

Grundrisse (1858) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1857/grundrisse/

Anti-Dühring (1877) by Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1877/anti-duhring/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bATakOyA0zc

The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State (1884) by Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1884/origin-family/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8W2GaAs5VLo

DAS KAPITAL
Capital: A Critique of Political Economy (1867) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhXStf2E1tc


——————–
German Idealism
——————–
Philosophical movement that generally argues that the mind’s structures (reason, self-consciousness) play an active role in shaping reality and experience, centering on how freedom, subjectivity, and the unity of subject and object grounds knowledge and moral life. Hugely influential in revolutionary socialist currents.

Critique of Pure Reason (1781) by Immanuel Kant
📖 · https://www.gutenberg.org/files/4280/4280-h/4280-h.htm

Foundations of the Science of Knowledge (1794) by Johann Gottlieb Fichte
📖 · https://dn720207.ca.archive.org/0/items/thescienceofknow00fichuoft/thescienceofknow00fichuoft.pdf

The Phenomenology of Spirit (1801) by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hegel/works/ph/phconten.htm

The Essence of Christianity (1841) by Ludwig Feuerbach
📖 · https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/47025/pg47025-images.html

The Jewish Question (1843) by Bruno Bauer
📖 · https://www.scribd.com/document/720704445/bruno-bauer-the-jewish-question


——————–
Utopian Socialism
——————–
Early socialist current that imagined ideal, cooperative communities and peaceful social reforms achieved by moral persuasion and voluntary association rather than class struggle or revolution.

The Social Contract (1762) by Jean-Jacques Rousseau
📖 · https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/46333/pg46333-images.html

The Wealth of Nations (1776) by Adam Smith
📖 · https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3300/3300-h/3300-h.htm

The Theory of the Four Movements (1808) by Charles Fourier
📖 · https://libcom.org/article/theory-four-movements-charles-fourier

A New View of Society and Other Writings (1813) by Robert Owen
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/economics/owen/society/index.htm

On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1817) by David Ricardo
📖 · https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/33310/pg33310-images.html

New Christianity (1825) by Henri de Saint-Simon
📖 · https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/New_Christianity.pdf

Holy History of Mankind (1837) by Moses Hess
📖 · https://ia801505.us.archive.org/23/items/119933_20230725/Moses%20Hess.%20The%20Holy%20History%20of%20Mankind%20and%20Other%20Writings.pdf

Principles of Political Economy (1848) by John Stuart Mill
📖 · https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/30107/pg30107-images.html

Instructions pour une prise d'armes (1866) by Louis Auguste Blanqui
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/francais/blanqui/1866/instructions.htm


——————–
Classical Anarchism
——————–
Rejects the state and hierarchical authority, serves as the basis for modern and contemporary Anarchism. Variants include Mutualism, Anarcho-Collectivism and Individualist anarchism.

Tier 1
What is Property? (1840) by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/pierre-joseph-proudhon-what-is-property-an-inquiry-into-the-principle-of-right-and-of-governmen
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XeoynLwP3u4

Collectivism (1872) by Adhémar Schwitzguébel
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/adhemar-schwitzguebel-collectivism

Tier 2
The Philosophy of Poverty (1846) by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/pierre-joseph-proudhon-system-of-economical-contradictions-or-the-philosophy-of-poverty

God and the State (1871) by Mikhail Bakunin
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/michail-bakunin-god-and-the-state
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLArnrsxwWY

Ideas on Social Organisation (1876) by James Guillaume
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/james-guillaume-ideas-on-social-organization

Tier 3
Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and its Influence on Morals and Happiness (1793) by William Godwin
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/godwin-political-justice

The Ego and Its Own (1844) by Max Stirner
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stirner/ego-and-its-own.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBOex4R61Oo

Statism and Anarchy (1873) by Mikhail Bakunin
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/mikhail-bakunin-statism-and-anarchy


——————–
Orthodox Marxism
——————–
Treats Marxism as a scientific, historical-materialist doctrine. Generally arguing that capitalism contains objective economic contradictions that makes proletarian revolution and socialism inevitable. Therefore, political organization, class struggle, and economic analysis are central.

Tier 1
The Present Position of the Socialist Movement in Germany (1896) by Wilhelm Liebknecht
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/liebknecht-w/1896/06/essex-lecture.html

Erfurt Program (1891) by Karl Kautsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/history/international/social-democracy/1891/erfurt-program.htm

What Means This Strike? (1898) by Daniel DeLeon
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/deleon/works/1898/980211.htm

The Burning Question of Trade Unionism (1904) by Daniel DeLeon
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/deleon/works/1904/040421.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGe1aEA4UOw

The Main Enemy Is At Home! (1914) by Karl Liebknecht
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/liebknecht-k/works/1915/05/main-enemy-home.htm

Tier 2
Socialism and the Political Struggle (1883) by Georgi Plekhanov
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/plekhanov/1883/struggle/index.htm

The Class Struggle (Erfurt Program) (1892) by Karl Kautsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1892/erfurt/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMCOEZ8xjqM

On the Role of the Individual in History (1898) by Georgi Plekhanov
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/plekhanov/1898/xx/individual.html
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQCUjwmSSk4

Reform or Revolution? (1900) by Rosa Luxemburg
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1900/reform-revolution/index.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVZgtmGmyl4

Militarism and Anti-Militarism (1907) by Karl Liebknecht
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/liebknecht-k/works/1907/militarism-antimilitarism/index.htm

The Mass Strike, the Political Party and the Trade Unions (1906) by Rosa Luxemburg
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1906/mass-strike/

The Historic Accomplishment of Karl Marx (1908) by Karl Kautsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1908/histacc/index.html

The National Question and Autonomy (1908) by Rosa Luxemburg
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1909/national-question/index.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-vkL6ZUnzcc

The Road to Power (1909) by Karl Kautsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1909/power/

Tier 3
The Development of the Monist View of History (1895) by Georgi Plekhanov
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/plekhanov/1895/monist/index.htm

No Compromise – No Political Trading (1899) by Wilhelm Liebknecht
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/liebknecht-w/1899/nocomp/index.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZlYu23bMNhg

The Socialist Crisis in France (1901) by Rosa Luxemburg
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1901/socialist-crisis-france/index.htm

The Social Revolution (1902) by Karl Kautsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1902/socrev/

Socialist Reconstruction of Society (1905) by Daniel DeLeon
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/deleon/works/1905/050710.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yzF6QXNIWV0

The Foundations of Christianity (1908) by Karl Kautsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1908/christ/index.htm

The Accumulation of Capital (1913) by Rosa Luxemburg
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1913/accumulation-capital/


——————–
Anarcho-Communism
——————–
Advocates for abolishing the state, capitalism, and private ownership of the means of production in favor of decentralized, voluntary communes with common ownership and distribution "from each according to ability, to each according to need." Variants include Platformism, Syncreticism, and Magonism.

Tier 1
Catechism of a Revolutionary (1869) by Sergey Nechayev
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/subject/anarchism/nechayev/catechism.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7kviqQa6ZU

To Manual Workers, Supporters of Political Action (1876) by François Dumartheray
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/francois-dumartheray-to-manual-workers-supporters-of-political-action

Anarchy and Communism (1880) by Carlo Cafiero
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/carlo-cafiero-anarchy-and-communism

Our Revolution (1881) by Carlo Cafiero
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/cafiero/1881/our-revolution.html

A Word to Tramps (1884) by Lucy Parsons
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/lucy-e-parsons-to-tramps

Words of a Rebel (1885) by Peter Kropotkin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/kropotkin-peter/1885/words-of-a-rebel/index.html

I Am an Anarchist (1886) by Lucy Parsons
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/lucy-e-parsons-i-am-an-anarchist

Anarchy (1891) by Errico Malatesta
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/errico-malatesta-anarchy

Manifesto of the Mexican Liberal Party (1911) by Ricardo Flores Magón
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/subject/anarchism/ricardo-flores-magon/1911/manifesto-of-the-mexican-liberal-party.html

The Anarchist Synthesis (1927) by Sébastien Faure
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/sebastien-faure-the-anarchist-synthesis

A Project of Anarchist Organisation (1927) by Errico Malatesta
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/errico-malatesta-a-project-of-anarchist-organisation

The ABC of Communist Anarchism (1929) by Alexander Berkman
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/berkman/1929/what-is-communist-anarchism/index.html

Tier 2
Fields, Factories and Workshops (1899) by Peter Kropotkin
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/petr-kropotkin-fields-factories-and-workshops-or-industry-combined-with-agriculture-and-brain-w

At the Café: Conversations on Anarchism (1922) by Errico Malatesta
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/malatesta/1922/at-the-cafe/index.html

On Synthesis (1924) by Volin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/subject/anarchism/voline/1924/on-synthesis.html

The Struggle Against the State and Other Essays (1926) by Nestor Makhno
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/makhno-nestor/works/1926/struggle-against-the-state/index.html

Tier 3
The Conquest of Bread (1892) by Peter Kropotkin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/kropotkin-peter/1892/bread.htm

Mutual Aid (1902) by Peter Kropotkin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/kropotkin-peter/1902/mutual-aid/index.htm

History of the Makhnovist Movement (1918–1921) (1923) by Peter Arshinov
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/peter-arshinov-history-of-the-makhnovist-movement-1918-1921

The Russian Revolution in the Ukraine (1926) by Nestor Makhno
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/nestor-makhno-the-russian-revolution-in-the-ukraine

Organizational Platform of the General Union of Anarchists (Draft) (1926) by Various Authors
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/dielo-truda-workers-cause-organisational-platform-of-the-libertarian-communists


——————–
Leninism
——————–
Based on the works of Vladimir Lenin, argues for a disciplined vanguard party using democratic centralism to seize state power and establish a temporary dictatorship of the proletariat to lead the transition from capitalism to socialism.

Tier 1
What Is To Be Done? (1902) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1901/witbd/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-eCCtzsiXY

Revolutionary Adventurism (1902) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1902/sep/01.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovPbNQ9JqjA

Socialism and Religion (1905) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1905/dec/03.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKMlcPb1ttw

Three Source and Three Component Parts of Marxism (1913) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1913/mar/x01.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOAII71GaFY

The ABC of Communism (1920) by Nikolai Buhkarin & Evgenii Preobrazhensky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/works/1920/abc/index.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVVnjwBQHH0

Tier 2
Two Tactics of Social Democracy in the Democratic Revolution (1905) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1905/tactics/index.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQsWA4HCGuY

The Right of Nations to Self-Determination (1914) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1914/self-det/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0bbODqyoeM0

Imperialism and World Economy (1915) by Nikolai Bukharin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/works/1917/imperial/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13Uj5GE1h1U

The Proletarian Revolution and Renegade Kautsky (1918) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1918/prrk/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_IWmgY8k2A

“Left-Wing” Communism: an Infantile Disorder (1920) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1920/lwc/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wh84f8czc7g

Tier 3
Materialism and Empirio-Criticism (1909) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1908/mec/

Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism (1917) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1916/imp-hsc/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFtUKPPYmqk

The State and Revolution (1917) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1917/staterev/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrfLQsyUYig

Historical Materialism: A System of Sociology (1921) by Nikolai Bukharin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/works/1921/histmat/index.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sr7o64hezwc


——————–
Syndicalism
——————–
Tendency that aims to replace capitalism and the state by organizing workers into trade-union syndicates using direct action, such as general strikes, in order to take control of production and self-manage the economy.

Tier 1
Anarchism and the Workers' Unions (1895) by Fernand Pelloutier
📖 · https://libcom.org/article/anarchism-and-workers-unions-fernand-pelloutier

Sabotage (1898) by Émile Pouget
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/pouget/1898/sabotage.htm

The General Strike (1911) by Bill Haywood
📖 · https://archive.iww.org/history/library/Haywood/GeneralStrike/

The Conscious Withdrawal of the Workers' Industrial Efficiency (1917) by Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/subject/women/authors/flynn/1917/sabotage.htm

Tier 2
Anarcho-Syndicalism: Theory and Practice (1938) by Rudolf Rocker
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/rudolf-rocker-anarchosyndicalism

One Big Union (2000) by the Industrial Workers of the World
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/industrial-workers-of-the-world-one-big-union

Tier 3
Industrial Socialism (1911) by Bill Haywood
📖 · https://archive.iww.org/history/library/Haywood/IndSocialism/

The Autobiography of Mother Jones (1925) by Mother Jones
📖 · https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/65079/pg65079-images.html

Anarchists in the Spanish Revolution (1990) by José Peirats
📖 · https://files.libcom.org/files/Peirats%20J.%20Anarchists%20in%20the%20Spanish%20Revolution.pdf


——————–
Marxism-Leninism
——————–
Institutionalized doctrine that fuses Marx’s theory with Lenin’s praxis as codified official party ideology, applying the idea of historical materialism to a practical program of revolutionary vanguardism and a state-led transition to socialism.

Tier 1
Dialectical and Historical Materialism (1938) by Joseph Stalin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1938/09.htm

The Path Which Led Me To Leninism (1960) by Ho Chi Minh
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/ho-chi-minh/works/1960/04/x01.htm

The Khruschevites (1976) by Enver Hoxha
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/1976/khruschevites/index.htm

Tier 2
Marxism and the National Question (1913) by Joseph Stalin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1913/03a.htm

Workers Manage Factories in Yugoslavia (1950) by Josip Broz Tito
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/tito/1950/06/26.htm

Marxism and Problems of Linguistics (1950) by Joseph Stalin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1950/jun/20.htm

History Will Absolve Me (1953) by Fidel Castro
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/history/cuba/archive/castro/1953/10/16.htm

Guerilla Warfare (1961) by Che Guevara
📖 · https://www.cheguevara.org/Guerrilla-Warfare.pdf

Eurocommunism is Anti-Communism (1980) by Enver Hoxha
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/euroco/env2-1.htm

Tier 3
Foundations of Leninism (1924) by Joseph Stalin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1924/foundations-leninism/

The People's Front (1938) by Earl Browder
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/browder/peoples-front/index.htm

Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR (1951) by Joseph Stalin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1951/economic-problems/index.htm

Imperialism and the Revolution (1979) by Enver Hoxha
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/imp_rev/toc.htm

Revolution in Laos: Practice and Prospects (1981) by Kaysone Phomvihane
📖 · https://en.prolewiki.org/wiki/Library:Revolution_in_Laos

Women's Liberation and the African Freedom Struggle (1990) by Thomas Sankara
📖 · https://files.libcom.org/files/thomas-sankara-womens-liberation-and-the-african-freedom-struggle.pdf


——————–
Illegalism and Insurrectionary Anarchism
——————–
Both support propaganda of the deed as a method of revolutionary struggle, with Illegalism having roots in Individualist Anarchism while Insurrectionary Anarchism shares overlap with Anarcho-Communism.

Tier 1
A Letter from Mazas Prison (1886) by Clément Duval
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/clement-duval-a-letter-from-cleement-duval

Why I Was a Burglar (1905) by Marius Jacob
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/marius-jacob-why-i-was-a-burglar

Byzantinism and Limpness (1909) by Michel Antoine
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/michel-antoine-byzantinism-and-limpness

Is the Illegalist Anarchist Our Comrade? (1911) by Émile Armand
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/emile-armand-is-the-illegalist-anarchist-our-comrade

Two Lectures on the Bonnot Affair (1912) by Victor Serge
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/victor-serge-two-lectures-on-the-bonnot-affair

Tier 2
The Anarchism of Émile Armand (1907) by Émile Armand
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/emile-armand-the-anarchism-of-emile-armand

Toward the Creative Nothing (1924) by Renzo Novatore
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/renzo-novatore-toward-the-creative-nothing

The Principal of Organization to the Light of Anarchism (1927) by Luigi Galleani
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/luigi-galleani-the-principal-of-organization-to-the-light-of-anarchism

Armed Joy (1977) by Alfredo Bonnano
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/alfredo-m-bonanno-armed-joy

Tier 3
The Ego and Its Own (1844) by Max Stirner
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stirner/ego-and-its-own.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBOex4R61Oo

Against War, Against Peace, For The Social Revolution (1914) by Luigi Galleani
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/luigi-galleani-against-war-against-peace-for-the-social-revolution

The End of Anarchism? (1925) by Luigi Galleani
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/luigi-galleani-the-end-of-anarchism

Anarchists Never Surrender (1938) by Victor Serge
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/victor-serge-anarchists-never-surrender

The Bonnot Gang (1987) by Richard Parry
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/richard-parry-the-bonnot-gang-the-story-of-the-french-illegalists

The Coming Insurrection (2007) by The Invisible Committee
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/comite-invisible-the-coming-insurrection

——————–
Trotskyism
——————–
Based on Leon Trotsky's work, stresses permanent revolution, proletarian internationalism, and an opposition to bureaucratic degeneration.

Tier 1
The Lessons of October (1924) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1924/lessons/index.htm

The Transitional Program (1938) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1938/tp/

Their Morals and Ours (1938) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1938/morals/morals.htm

Fascism: What It Is and How to Fight It (1944) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/works/1944/1944-fas.htm

Tier 2
Terrorism and Communism (1920) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1920/terrcomm/index.htm

The Permanent Revolution and Results and Prospects (1930) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1931/tpr/index.htm

Tier 3
The Third International After Lenin (1928) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1928/3rd/index.htm

History of the Russian Revolution (1930) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1930/hrr/

The Revolution Betrayed (1936) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1936/revbet/

——————–
Anarcho-Pacificism
——————–

https://blogs.law.columbia.edu/uprising1313/files/2017/10/Civil-Disobedience-by-Henry-David-Thoreau.pdf


——————–
Maoism
——————–
Developed by Mao Zedong, argues for peasant-led revolution, protracted people’s war, mass mobilization, and adapting Marxist strategy to agrarian societies.

Tier 1
Analysis of The Classes In Chinese Society (1926) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_1.htm

Oppose Book Worship (1930) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-6/mswv6_11.htm

Be Concerned With the Well-Being of the Masses, Pay Attention to Methods of Work (1934) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_10.htm

Combat Liberalism (1937) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_03.htm

Serve The People (1944) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-3/mswv3_19.htm

Bombard The Headquarters (1966) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-9/mswv9_63.htm

Tier 2
On Contradiction (1937) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_17.htm

On Practice' (1937) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_16.htm

On Protracted War (1938) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_09.htm

On New Democracy (1940) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_26.htm

Tier 3
Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement In Hunan (1927) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_2.htm

On Guerrilla Warfare (1937) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/1937/guerrilla-warfare/

The Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party (1939) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_23.htm

On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People (1957) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-5/mswv5_58.htm

Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung (1964) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/red-book/index.htm


——————–
Marxism-Leninism-Maoism
——————–
Treats Maoism as a higher stage of Marxism–Leninism, emphasizing peasant-led, protracted people’s war, the mass line, and continuing revolution to prevent bureaucratic degeneration.

Tier 1
On Gonzalo Thought (1988) by the Communist Party of Peru
📖 · https://michaelharrison.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/On-Gonzalo-Thought-1st-Congress.pdf

Marxism-Leninism-Maoism or Revisionism? (1990) by Prachanda
📖 · https://www.bannedthought.net/Nepal/Problems-Prospects/p_mlmor_revisionism.html

Tier 2
General Political Line (1988) by the Communist Party of Peru
📖 · https://bannedthought.net/Peru/CPP/Documents/GeneralPoliticalLineOfTheCommunistPartyOfPeru-1988-OCR.pdf

The Great Leap Forward: An Inevitable Need of History (2001) by the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
📖 · https://www.bannedthought.net/Nepal/Worker/Worker-07/GreatLeapForward-Prachanda-010200.htm

Hold High the Bright Red Banner of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism (2004) by the Communist Party of India (Maoist)
📖 · https://www.bannedthought.net/India/CPI-Maoist-Docs/Founding/MLM-pamphlet.pdf

Tier 3
On the Bourgeois-Democratic State (1961) by Abimael Guzmán
📖 · https://bannedthought.net/Peru/Gonzalo/Guzman-OnTheBourgeois-DemocraticState-1961-Thesis-OCR-sm.pdf

Philippine Society and Revolution (1970) by Amado Guerrero
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/history/philippines/cpp/guerrero/1970/psr.htm

Problems & Prospects of Revolution in Nepal (2004) by Prachanda and the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
📖 · https://bannedthought.net/Nepal/Problems-Prospects/index.htm


——————–
Socialism with Chinese Characteristics
——————–
Adapts and institutionalizes Marxism–Leninism to Chinese conditions by marrying one-party rule and state control of strategic sectors with market-oriented reforms to drive modernization.

Tier 1
Emancipate the Mind, Seek Truth From Facts and Unite As One In Looking to the Future (1978) by Deng Xiaoping
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1978/110.htm

Uphold the Four Cardinal Principles (1979) by Deng Xiaoping
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1979/115.htm

We Can Develop A Market Economy Under Socialism (1979) by Deng Xiaoping
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1979/152.htm

To Build Socialism We Must First Develop the Productive Forces (1980) by Deng Xiaoping
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1980/101.htm

Tier 2
On the Reform of the System of Party and State Leadership (1980) by Deng Xiaoping
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1980/220.htm

Tier 3
Build Socialism With Chinese Characteristics (1984) by Deng Xiaoping
📖 · https://www.bannedthought.net/China/Individuals/DengXiaoping/DengXiaoping-BuildSocialismWithChineseCharacteristics.pdf

On the “Three Represents” (2000) by Jiang Zemin
📖 · https://archive.org/details/JiangZeminThreeRepresents

Report to the 17th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (2007) by Hu Jintao
📖 · https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-10/24/content_6204564.htm

The Governance of China (2014) by Xi Jinping
📖 · https://www.bannedthought.net/China/Individuals/XiJinping/XiJinping-TheGovernanceOfChina.pdf


——————–
Maoism-Third Worldism
——————–
Blends Maoist strategy with Third-Worldist analysis, arguing the revolutionary proletariat is concentrated in oppressed (Global South) countries while much First-World labor is seen as privileged or comprador.

Tier 1
Long Live the Victory of People’s War! (1965) by Lin Bao
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/lin-biao/1965/09/peoples_war/index.htm

Message to the Tricontinental (1967) by Che Guevara
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/guevara/1967/04/16.htm

Tier 2
White-Settler Colonialism and the Myth of Investment Imperialism (1972) by Arghiri Emmanuel
📖 · https://pdfhost.io/v/QUJ7qnsaq_WhiteSettler_Colonialism_and_the_Myth_of_Investment_Imperialism

Unequal Development (1973) by Samir Amin
📖 · https://www.prisoncensorship.info/archive/books/Economics/UnequalDevelopment_SamirAmin.pdf

Foreign Trade and the Law of Value (1979) by Anwar Shaikh
📖 · https://sci-hub.ru/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40402184
📖 · https://sci-hub.ru/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40402218

Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat (1983) by J. Sakai
📖 · https://readsettlers.org/text-index.html

Eurocentrism (1989) by Samir Amin
📖 · https://contrapoder.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/08.-AMIN.pdf

The Wealth of (Some) Nations (2019) by Zak Cope
📖 · https://leftypol.org/edu/src/1655353202103-0.pdf

Tier 3
Accumulation on a World Scale (1971) by Samir Amin
📖 · https://annas-archive.org/md5/89ae1cfad31b7ba8d06acbdba571f721

Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade (1972) by Arghiri Emmanuel
📖 · https://www.prisoncensorship.info/archive/books/Economics/UnequalExchange_ArghiriEmmanuel.pdf

Delinking: Towards a Polycentric World (1986) by Samir Amin
📖 · https://libgen.gl/edition.php?id=138497885

Divided World, Divided Class (2012) by Zak Cope
📖 · https://www.prisoncensorship.info/archive/books/Economics/DividedWorldDividedClass_ZakCope.pdf

Capitalism: Competition, Conflict, Crisis (2016) by Anwar Shaikh
📖 · https://annas-archive.org/md5/dca03bd15eaa085b7c3dd60ea199427e


——————–
Juche
——————–
The official state ideology of North Korea, stressing political independence, economic self-sufficiency, self-defense, and the central role of the leader in guiding the nation.

Tier 1
For the Establishment of a United Party of the Working Masses (1946) by Kim Il Sung
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/1946/08/29.pdf

On the Occasion of the Founding of the Korean People’s Army (1948) by Kim Il Sung
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/1948/02/08.pdf

On Eliminating Dogmatism and Formalism and Establishing Juche in Ideological Work (1955) by Kim Il Sung
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/1955/12/28.htm

Ten Principles for the Establishment of a Monolithic Ideological System (1974) by Kim Il Sung
📖 · https://www2.law.columbia.edu/course_00S_L9436_001/North%20Korea%20materials/10%20principles%20of%20juche.html

The Juche Idea is an Idea that Has Inherited and Developed the Progressive Ideologies of Mankind (1986) by Kim Jong Il
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/The-Juche-Idea-Is-An-Idea-That-Has-Inherited-And-Developed-The-Progressive-Ideologies-Of-Mankind.pdf

Ours is the Socialism of Juche (1994) by Kim Il Sung
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/1994/04/16.pdf

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea is a Juche-Oriented Socialist State with Invincible Might (2008) by Kim Jong Il
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/The-Democratic-Peoples-Republic-Of-Korea-Is-A-Juche-Oriented-Socialist-State-With-Invincible-Might.pdf

Let Us March Forward Dynamically Towards Final Victory, Holding Higher the Banner of Songun (2012) by Kim Jong Un
📖 · http://www.korean-books.com.kp/KBMbooks/en/work/leader3/1201.pdf

Tier 2
On the Juche Idea (1982) by Kim Jong Il
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/On-The-Juche-Idea.pdf

Our Socialism Centred on the Masses Shall Not Perish (1991) by Kim Jong Il
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/Our-Socialism-Centred-On-The-Masses-Shall-Not-Perish.pdf

Tier 3
On Juche in Our Revolution (1975) by Kim Il Sung
📖 · https://archive.org/details/KimJucheRevolutionVol1


——————–
Italian Left-Communism
——————–
Insisting on strict Marxist orthodoxy, rejecting parliamentarism, reformist trade unions and united fronts, while promoting a revolutionary, party-centered alternative to both social democracy and Marxism-Leninism.

Tier 1
Party and Class (1921) by Amadeo Bordiga
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1921/party-class.htm

Bourgeois Violence and Proletarian Defence (1946) by Onorato Damen
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/damen/1946/bourgeois-violence.htm

Proletarian Dictatorship and Class Party (1951) by Amadeo Bordiga
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1951/class-party.htm

Centralised Party, Yes – Centralism over the Party, No! (1951) by Onorato Damen
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/damen/1951/centralised.htm

Tier 2
Party and Class Action (1921) by Amadeo Bordiga
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1921/classact.htm

The Democratic Principle (1922) by Amadeo Bordiga
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1922/democratic-principle.htm

The Lyons Theses (1926) by Amadeo Bordiga
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1926/lyons-theses.htm

The Communist Left in the Third International (1926) by Amadeo Bordiga
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1926/comintern.htm

Dialogue with Stalin (1952) by Amadeo Bordiga
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1952/stalin.htm

We Defend the Italian Left (1966) by Onorato Damen
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/damen/1966/defend.htm

Tier 3
The Fundamentals for a Marxist Orientation (1946) by Amadeo Bordiga
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1946/orientation.htm

Bordiga — Beyond the Myth and the Rhetoric (1970) by Onorato Damen
📖 · https://www.leftcom.org/files/2018-10-02-damen-bordiga.pdf


——————–
Council Communism
——————–
Favors workers’ councils as the basis of proletarian power and organization as opposed to vanguard party centralism, arguing for direct, self-managed, council-based socialism.

Tier 1
World Revolution and Communist Tactics (1920) by Anton Pannekoek
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1920/communist-tactics.htm

The Revolution Is Not A Party Affair (1920) by Otto Rühle
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/ruhle/1920/ruhle02.htm

The Lenin Legend (1935) by Paul Mattick
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/mattick-paul/1935/lenin-legend.htm

Why Past Revolutionary Movements Have Failed (1940) by Anton Pannekoek
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1940/revo.htm

The Party and Class (1941) by Anton Pannekoek
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1941/party-class.htm

The Failure of the Working Class (1946) by Anton Pannekoek
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1946/failure-working-class.htm

Tier 2
Imperialism, the World War and Social Democracy (1914) by Herman Gorter
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/gorter/1914/imperialism.htm

The World Revolution (1918) by Herman Gorter
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/gorter/1918/world-revolution.htm

Report from Moscow (1920) by Otto Rühle
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/ruhle/1920/ruhle01.htm

Lenin As Philosopher (1938) by Anton Pannekoek
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1938/lenin/index.htm

The Struggle Against Fascism Begins with the Struggle Against Bolshevism (1939) by Otto Rühle
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/ruhle/1939/ruhle01.htm

Spontaneity and Organisation (1949) by Paul Mattick
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/mattick-paul/1949/spontaneity.htm

Tier 3
An Open Letter to Comrade Lenin (1920) by Herman Gorter
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/gorter/1920/open-letter.htm

Workers' Councils (1942) by Anton Pannekoek
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1947/workers-councils.htm

Marx and Keynes: The Limits of the Mixed Economy (1969) by Paul Mattick
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/mattick-paul/1969/marx-keynes/index.htm

Anti-Bolshevik Communism (1978) by Paul Mattick
📖 · https://files.libcom.org/files/paul-mattick-anti-bolshevik-communism-2007_0.pdf


——————–
Frankfurt School
——————–








——————–
Neo-Marxism
——————–

——————–
Post-Marxism
——————–
R: 0 / I: 0

You shouldn't label yourself (or anyone else, for that matter) with any "Generation Whatever" bullsh

This is a psyop created by a elite few to control generational wealth accumulation. They themselves do the complete opposite - they cherish the memories of their ancestors and continue passing down knowledge and wealth to each generation without putting any of them into predefined boxes. Remember, you are the physical manifestation of your ancestors’ will to survive.

With that being said, there is a challenge to set an example for others—to accumulate wealth in a healthy way that will empower and unite our families and communities.
R: 41 / I: 35

Art Trade Thread v2.0

/leftypol/ has been nuked Edition (Remade the thread because of it)
I draw on occasion, mainly my OC Zhenya (aspiring femboy with black hair, when he transforms it's pink) and sometimes Dina (his tomboy classmate and first real friend in this bitch of a conservative school)
This is an art trade thread, so exchange doodles or full-blown drawings, or just share what you've drawn, even though this is more of a personal art dump :>
R: 18 / I: 3

Steam Hardware

>updated Steam Controller
>Steam Machine
>updated Index now called Steam Frame

So they're making a console but they are calling the machine and frame "PC" because they run steam OS, and calling it an "open ecosystem."
R: 11 / I: 1

🟩What happens to ANTIFA in prison?



What happens to Antifa activists when they end up behind bars? This video dives deep into the harsh realities that radical leftist protesters face in the American prison system. While Antifa members might feel empowered on the streets or social media, prison operates under completely different rules. Inmate hierarchies, gang politics, racial affiliations, and correctional officer oversight quickly reveal that ideology means very little when your survival is on the line. From immediate beatings, extortion, and theft to long-term intimidation and coercion, we break down the unfiltered, real-world consequences of being identified as an Antifa activist in state and federal prisons. True crime enthusiasts, prison vlog viewers, and criminal justice followers will find this a rare insider look at how street protest credentials translate—or fail—inside correctional facilities.

We explore the roles of racial gangs, white supremacist groups, and organized prison factions in targeting political activists. Inmates often view Antifa affiliations as a liability, marking individuals as weak or untrustworthy, and demanding money, commissary items, or services in exchange for “protection.” Correctional officers also take notice, sometimes exploiting this affiliation to maintain control or simply stir chaos. For anyone interested in prison survival, inmate power dynamics, gang culture, and the psychology of incarceration, this video provides tactical insight into why ideology alone is not enough to navigate prison life safely.

Recent Antifa protests, arrests, and high-profile clashes make this topic even more relevant. From university campus disruptions to violent street demonstrations, these events are tracked by law enforcement and often noted in inmate intelligence records. As a result, activists entering the system can be immediately labeled and targeted. We connect current events to prison realities, showing how public activism intersects with correctional enforcement and inmate social hierarchies. Whether you’re a fan of prison documentaries, true crime storytelling, gang sociology, or survivalist strategies, this video shows the practical, sometimes brutal, consequences of radical political affiliation behind bars.

This video also covers survival strategies for those who unexpectedly find themselves in high-risk situations. We look at protective custody, non-ideological alliances, de-escalation techniques, and the importance of utility and respect in prison. True crime communities will appreciate detailed explanations of inmate extortion tactics, racial power dynamics, and how a known Antifa label influences day-to-day life inside correctional facilities. It’s an in-depth examination of the intersection of politics, ideology, and survival under extreme circumstances, relevant to anyone studying extremist movements, criminal justice systems, or prison gang behavior.

If you’re fascinated by inmate behavior, prison social structures, radical activism, or extremist monitoring, this video is packed with insights that aren’t commonly discussed outside correctional circles. From day-one challenges and reputation management to long-term survival in federal and state prisons, viewers will gain a tactical understanding of what it really means to be an Antifa member behind bars. For prepper-minded or survivalist audiences, it’s also a case study in how societal labels and public actions can create vulnerability in confined, hierarchical environments.
R: 0 / I: 0

Adolf Hitler was a Jew

Half of his General Staff were Jews, Goebbels the most obvious, with an absolutely repulsive physiognomy. And Hitler wasn't an Aryan at all, but the son of a prostitute who worked as a maid for a banker. To mobilize the Germans into a single, powerful force, they were given a false ideology, a complete fabrication.
The Jews were declared enemies, and the Slavs were declared slaves. The trouble with the Germans is that they are traditionally a dumb and brainless people, unable to even distinguish between Jews and Germans, let alone dress properly for the first and second winter offensives. The Germans are veritable slaves; they officially pay Israel for things they didn't do, and they still do, and they know it. Within Germany, Jews receive additional benefits, privileges, and guaranteed victories in court against non-Jews, etc. Jews fought in the Wehrmacht, naturally in punitive brigades, as concentration camp commanders, and in all sorts of lucrative positions. They didn't exterminate Jews; they exterminated non-Jews, and this is the greatest falsification of the so-called "Holocaust." All these ovens, gases, leather soap, prisoner diaries, Schindler's lists, and so on - it's all an absolute lie. Soviet prisoners of war, not Jews, were held in concentration camps.


Hitler's real surname, Schicklgruber, can either be directly translated from Yiddish as tax collector (Shekel Gruber), or be interpreted as Shekel-rubel and descended from a line of Jewish money changers living within the Pale of Settlement of the Russian Empire.
During his rise to power, Hitler received active support from the Rothschild family, who subsequently helped him climb to the top of the Reich and sponsored Schicklgruber's entire Nazi undertaking, as well as his military campaign.
As a result of Schicklgruber's reign, Europe's best gene pool was destroyed, and Europe itself was effectively reduced to ruins, which perfectly suited the interests of overseas banking clans with distinctive surnames. Needless to say, the UN, formed immediately after WWII, declared the creation of Eretz Israel as one of its first directives…


Hans Frank, Governor-General of Poland throughout World War II, converted to Catholicism after being accused at the Nuremberg Trials and wrote a written confession of his knowledge. Although Frank was hanged by the Nuremberg Tribunal, his confession lives on.
We reproduce the confession in full: "One day, around the end of 1930, I was summoned to see Hitler…
He showed me a letter and said it was 'disgusting blackmail' from one of his most repulsive relatives, concerning his, Hitler's, origins. If I'm not mistaken, it was the son of his half-brother, Alois Hitler (from the second marriage of Hitler's father), who subtly hinted that "in view of certain statements in the press, you should be interested in keeping certain circumstances of our family history from being made public."
The press statements cited in the letter concluded that "Hitler has Jewish blood in his veins, and therefore has no right to preach anti-Semitism." However, these statements were too general and offered no grounds for retaliation. In the heat of the battle, all this went unnoticed. But these blackmailing hints, emanating from within family circles, gave rise to concern.
At Hitler's request, I discreetly investigated the situation. In summary, I was able to establish the following from various sources: Hitler's father was the illegitimate child of a cook named Schicklgruber from Leonding, near Linz, who was employed by a family in Graz.
In accordance with the law, which stipulated that an illegitimate child must bear the mother's surname, he lived under the name Schicklgruber until he was approximately fourteen years old. When his mother, Adolf Hitler's grandmother, married a certain Mr. Hitler, the illegitimate child, Adolf Hitler's father, was legally recognized as the son of the Hitler and Schicklgruber families. All this is understandable, and there is absolutely nothing unusual about it.
But the most astonishing thing about this story is this: when this cook, Schicklgruber, Adolf Hitler's grandmother, gave birth to a child, she was working for the Jewish Frankenberger family. And this Frankenberger paid her child support for his son, who was approximately nineteen years old at the time, until her child's fourteenth birthday.
Subsequently, there was a correspondence between the Frankenbergers and Hitler's grandmother that lasted several years. The general gist of this correspondence boiled down to a mutual tacit acknowledgement that Schicklgruber's illegitimate son was conceived under circumstances that forced the Frankenbergers to pay child support for him. These letters were kept for many years by a woman related to Adolf Hitler through the Raubal family and living in Wetzelsdorf near Graz…
Therefore, in my opinion, it is entirely possible that Hitler's father was half Jewish, descended from an extramarital affair between Schicklgruber and a Jew from Graz. Therefore, Hitler was then a quarter Jewish."


Bonus:
Zionist-Nazi co-op
https://archive.is/Sbau
Who sabotaged the search for Nazi criminals after the war?
https://stalingrad-info.ru/kto-sabotiroval-poisk-natsistskih-prestupnikov-posle-voynyi/
R: 17 / I: 2

Settler's Law - What Causes This?

I have recently noticed a tendency on here, X, reddit, and other places to call any anti-Amerikkkan a "Third-Worldist". According to these people there exists a secret genocidal anti-white conspiracy to destroy the west (huh sounds familiar now that I think about it). And apparently it is a particular tendency of Maoism that is leading the charge of this crusade. Has anyone actually seen these so-called "Third-Worldists" advocate for killing all white people and their children? If so they should certainly be taken care of! We can't have a group of evil child killing zealots who are over-attached to a particular identity running around our proud leftist image board defending these things for literally no reason! Infact I really think we should be banning anyone who opposes the USA or the west in general because it's possible that anyone criticizing Amerikkka could be a ScArY "Third-Worldist".

But if indeed they don't exist, can someone kindly explain to me why Amerikkkan's seem to be so obssessed with calling everyone who point's out their benefitting from multiple historical and ongoing genocides one? Or really why westerner's in general are so insecure when you point out how their national self-conceptions in general are soaked in blood? Oh look at me going and strawmanning again, welp atleast someone on this board has some self-awareness.
R: 98 / I: 14

Anyone else really hate the "social theory" of transness?

That is, the idea that being trans is in some way caused by socialization and has no physiological component (ie brain differences, hormonal abnormalities, etc) to it at all. I keep seeing other lefty people, both trans and cis, repeat this. I'm not even going to get into all the evidence that points towards a physiological origin because my real point is that I honestly find the idea just really invalidating and kind of offensive. It's as if they're saying my dysphoria isn't real, that transness is equivalent to being a fashion choice and I just need to get over it or find a more accepting community or whatever instead of transition being a medical necessity.
R: 23 / I: 4

Entire Shrek movie

I posted the entire Shrek movie!
Here is the entire Shrek movie, this is straight up piracy.
R: 13 / I: 3

where the hell are bronies/pegasisters now?

where the fuck are they now? are they now extinct? i remember when they used to be everywhere when i was a kid but now they seem to be rare these days
R: 612 / I: 222 (full)

/ukr/ - Russia-Ukraine War General #268

ETERNALLY FOOLED edition.

Previous: >>2540767

Evidence of the influence and origin of neo-Nazi groups in Ukraine

https://archive.ph/44B9Q
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323637
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323658
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323663
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323688
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323729
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323733
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323731
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323735
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323740
https://azovlobby.substack.com/
https://banderalobby.substack.com/

—————————————————–

ALWAYS APPROACH SOURCES CRITICALLY

Live maps and updates
DeepStateMap: https://deepstatemap.live
Events in Ukraine: https://eventsinukraine.substack.com/
SouthFront: https://southfront.press/category/all-articles/world/europe/ukraine/

Watch Together
📺 News/events: https://tv.leftypol.org/r/HappeningsviaKlash
📺 Hangout/chill: https://tv.leftypol.org/r/bloodcast

Watch By Yourself
>Video Essays / Historical Background
📺 • Ukraine: The Avoidable War - Boy Boy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LL4eNy4FCs8

📺 • Ukraine's Nazi Problem - The Marxist Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4yZvWAwU5W4

📺 • America, Russia, and Ukraine's Far Right - Gravel Institute
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0pyVJG7_6Q

📺 • The Nature of Putin's Russia and Its Causes (3-Part Series) - 1Dime
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8d6Vzi7zYg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zODWTfMwFGw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Zuygh9Mzuo

<Current Happenings

📺 • The Grayzone: https://www.youtube.com/@thegrayzone7996
📺 • DDGeopolitics: https://www.youtube.com/@DDGeopolitics
📺 • Defense Politics Asia: https://www.youtube.com/@DefensePoliticsAsia
📺 • The Duran: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdeMVChrumySxV9N1w0Au-w
📺 • The News Atlas: https://www.youtube.com/c/thenewatlas
📺 • Military Summary: https://www.youtube.com/@militarysummary

—————————————————–

Social media
>Twitter
https://twitter.com/GeromanAT
https://twitter.com/plnewstoday
https://twitter.com/RALee85
https://twitter.com/MarQs__
https://twitter.com/KofmanMichael
https://twitter.com/IntelCrab
https://twitter.com/michaelh992
https://twitter.com/Suriyakmaps

<Telegram

https://t.me/milinfolive
https://t.me/hueviykharkov
https://t.me/conflictzone
https://t.me/vorposte
https://t.me/intelslava
https://t.me/grey_zone
https://t.me/AussieCossack
https://t.me/asbmil
https://t.me/Slavyangrad

🇷🇺🇺🇦
Thread guidelines:
• Please remember to add a spoiler to NSFW and extreme content such as graphic violence and gore.
• Try your best to not derail discussion too much from the main events and relevant places where the war is taken place, as well as other happenings, groups and public figures related to it.
• Meta discussion of the historical, philosophical and ideological background of the war is fine as long as its done in good faith and comradely.
• In the event the meta discussion overstays its welcome, participating users will be referred to take the conversation to the INTERNATIONALISM general thread.
• Quality shitposting and original content is encouraged! Spamming glowie memes is low effort.
• this is /ISG/ for people who treats geopolitics like shitty map games
R: 1 / I: 0

Epstein List = List of Cloned Children

The FBI already said "there is no client list". The Epstein List is a list of the cloned children who were mind programmed. Here are some of the names you will find on the Epstein List:

Sabrina Carpenter
Ivanka Trump
Britney Spears
Demi Lovato
Justin Timberlake
Miley Cyrus
Taylor Swift
Hilary Duff
Christina Aguilera
Zendaya
Jake Short
Selena Gomez
Zac Efron
Lindsay Lohan
Paris Hilton

The "Samson Option" is the activation code for the Self-Destruction option in the mind controlled clones. And who knows how many people are clones at this point?

And when he had opened the seventh seal, there was silence in heaven about the space of half an hour.” And I saw the seven angels which stood before God; and to them were given seven trumpets.” And the seven angels which had the seven trumpets prepared themselves to sound.” The first angel sounded, and there followed hail and fire mingled with blood, and they were cast upon the earth: and the third part of trees was burnt up, and all green grass was burnt up. And the second angel sounded, and as it were a great mountain burning with fire was cast into the sea: and the third part of the sea became blood;” And the third part of the creatures which were in the sea, and had life, died; and the third part of the ships were destroyed.” And the third angel sounded, and there fell a great star from heaven, burning as it were a lamp, and it fell upon the third part of the rivers, and upon the fountains of waters;” And the fourth angel sounded, and the third part of the sun was smitten, and the third part of the moon, and the third part of the stars; so as the third part of them was darkened, and the day shone not for a third part of it, and the night likewise.” And I beheld, and heard an angel flying through the midst of heaven, saying with a loud voice, Woe, woe, woe, to the inhabiters of the earth by reason of the other voices of the trumpet of the three angels, which are yet to sound!” And the fifth angel sounded, and I saw a star fall from heaven unto the earth: and to him was given the key of the bottomless pit
R: 5 / I: 0

How come almost half of every popular song is about love?

Are people really really that horny?
The body was too short The body was too short The body was too short The body was too short The body was too short
R: 12 / I: 0

Hasan got arrested in China

Azan got arrested in China
He was at a flag waving ceremony and his friend held up a westoid meme of his face edited over a picture of Mao since Hasan is a popular socialist. A Chinese cop then questioned him since he’s a white guy holding up a picture of Mao with his face over it making the cop think he was making fun of Mao. This guy has been shot by American police and no one cares but this makes mainstream news. What are thoughts?
R: 3 / I: 0

I've met a Communist today

Yes, he was an extraordinary man,
a specimen of a very rare breed.
I won't describe a specimen of this breed to you,
O perspicacious reader
You'll never get to see even one example of this breed.
You aren't constituted so that you can perceive such types.
They're invisible to you.
Only honest and bold eyes can see them.
This poem serves merely so
that you'll know,
even if only by hearsay,
what kind of people
exist on this earth.

There are only a few of them,
but through them
everyone's life will flourish.
Without them
life would wither.
There are only a few of them,
but they make it possible for all people to breathe;
without them people would suffocate.
There's a great mass
of honest and good people,
but there are very few people like them.

But these few people are within that mass,
as theine is in tea,
as bouquet is in fine wine.
They are its strength and its aroma.
They are the flower of the best people,
the movers of the movers,
the salt of the salt of the earth.
R: 51 / I: 7
I get no hoes and will die alone.
R: 14 / I: 1
What are some subtle ways i can fuck with people/peoples heads who annoy me?

Ideally in ways that make them do things they should be doing anyway, for example: some of my flatmates don’t use the brush thing to clean the toilet after shitting… how can i manipulate them into doing that without directly confronting them?
R: 38 / I: 7

Woke moralism thread

ITT: discuss woke moralism
R: 10 / I: 0
Do you lie about ur job experience in ur resume? Not like saying u know how to use python when u dont but like saying u worked somewhere u never did. Im on job search rn and atp im thinking about it but i heard they sometimes call companies to check if u really worked there
R: 73 / I: 12
Am I the only one seeing a re-birth of “anarcho”-capitalist ideology on the internet?

These fuckers were EVERYWHERE back in the late 2000s and early 2010s. In fact, their presence coincided with the Obama presidency, whereby the entire GOP was calling Obama a closeted communist and pushing a ton of anti-Marxist propaganda. A lot of it had to do with the Ron Paul cult that started in 2007-2008. “An”-caps tried weaselling their way into every anti-war protest, every authentically anarchist space, Occupy Wall Street (they tried infiltrating the movement to make it about ending the Federal Reserve but failed), and plenty of other anti-establishment spaces.

However, by the mid 2010s most of them jumped on the Trump train and shifted their views entirely. No longer were they free market fundamentalists but big government right-wing populists. My friend in New Hampshire said that nearly all the Free Staters are now anti-drug, anti-queer, anti-abortion, and pro-police, when they all held the polar opposite views 13-15 years ago. Plus, many free market guys are now MAGAts who’ve converted to traditionalist Catholicism and are pushing a hyper-nationalist crypto-NazBol agenda. The only thing I can conclude is that their views were always informed by white supremacy.

However, for the past week or so I’ve noticed a sizeable resurgence of “an”-caps online. Has anyone else noticed the same? You think they will come back as a means of countering Mamdani and the new rise of DSA into political power?
R: 7 / I: 4
>Trump will save the white race from these satanic homouyghatranshumanist commies
R: 21 / I: 1
>but muh marx

Apple just launched a new revolutionary product that completely changes how you can use your phone. Will bernd get the $149.95 version, or the $229.95 pro version that comes with a long strap? It's even compatible with icky green bubble androids.
https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2025/11/introducing-iphone-pocket-a-beautiful-way-to-wear-and-carry-iphone/
>ISSEY MIYAKE and Apple today unveiled iPhone Pocket. Inspired by the concept of “a piece of cloth,” its singular 3D-knitted construction is designed to fit any iPhone as well as all pocketable items.
>Born from the idea of creating an additional pocket, its understated design fully encloses iPhone, expanding to fit more of a user’s everyday items. When stretched, the open textile subtly reveals its contents and allows users to peek at their iPhone display. iPhone Pocket can be worn in a variety of ways — handheld, tied onto bags, or worn directly on the body.
R: 1 / I: 0

Windows admins are the fucking worst

They're always some fucking reactionary manbabies with 0 knowledge on anything that isn't *clickclickclickclickclik*

And whenever their work sucks and fails they'll try to explain how it isn't their fault really, without ever fixing the issue. I hate windows but their fucking """"powerusers"""" are worth less the dogpoop
R: 1 / I: 0
why are libertarians in western countries generally anti-NATO and skeptical of “the west”? i’ve noticed this a lot, especially in the u.s., libertarians who reject the entire post-WWII western order: nato, imf, cia, military, the whole thing. they see it as global bureaucracy and corporate imperialism, not “freedom.” curious what others think i think it's very interesting
R: 313 / I: 50

AI news shit general

The other thread hit bump limit and I'm addicted to talking about the birth of the ̶a̶l̶l̶-̶k̶n̶o̶w̶i̶n̶g̶ ̶c̶o̶m̶p̶u̶t̶e̶r̶ ̶g̶o̶d̶ the biggest financial bubble in history and the coming jobless eschaton, post your AI news here

Previous thread: >>27559
R: 23 / I: 8
reminder that you will never be good at an artform you didn't start when you were underaged

yeah sure try as you want to draw or paint, but you'll never be as good as someone who was drawing basic things at 8 and furry porn at 16.

im trying to learn how to draw, just basic things from cups to pepper shakers, and yet i can't figure it out. i'm told to learn how to draw with "perspective" and then am hit with a lorry load fo terms and language used to describe concepts that are never elaborated on and are presumably expected to just be inherently "understood".

i'm basically fucked in this regard, and will live hte next 60 years of my life in misery that i cannot draw. no, "just git gud" won't work you fucking american; some people are born naturally good and are then given the environment to cultivate their skills. I was not. This is called "being shit out of luck", and is hard for narcissistic people to understand, because to them it's either always them 100% them or everyone else's fault.
R: 2 / I: 0

U gonna take in refugees when the civil war pops off?

Who's recycling the expired pasties?
R: 0 / I: 0
in a way the proletariat is an AI. repeated class struggle produces emergent capabilities (class consciousness) towards the development of a 'class for itself' (AGI). It's cybernetical yuo see.
R: 84 / I: 32

/Political Economy/ General #5 - SmithAnon: Origins Edition

Previous thread: >>2507158

Links:

Previous Thread Archives
Thread 1 https://archive.ph/ROnpO
Thread 2 https://archive.ph/f29Po
Thread 3 https://archive.ph/GZj20
Thread 4 https://archive.ph/ZHfse

Youtube Playlists
Anwar Shaikh - Historical Foundations of Political Economy
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTMFx0t8kDzc72vtNWeTP05x6WYiDgEx7
Anwar Shaikh - Capitalism: Competition, Conflict and Crises
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB1uqxcCESK6B1juh_wnKoxftZCcqA1go
Anwar Shaikh - Capitalism
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLz4k72ocf2TZMxrEVCgpp1b5K3hzFWuZh
Capital Volume 1 high quality audiobook from Andrew S. Rightenburg (Human-Read, not AI voice or TTS voice)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUjbFtkcDBlSHVigHHx_wjaeWmDN2W-h8
Capital Volume 2 high quality audiobook from Andrew S. Rightenburg (Human-Read, not AI voice or TTS voice)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUjbFtkcDBlSxnp8uR2kshvhG-5kzrjdQ
Capital Volume 3 high quality audiobook from Andrew S. Rightenburg (Human-Read, not AI voice or TTS voice)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUjbFtkcDBlRoV5CVoc5yyYL4nMO9ZJzO
Theories of Surplus Value high quality audiobook from Andrew S. Rightenburg (Human-Read, not AI voice or TTS voice)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUjbFtkcDBlQa-dFgNFtQvvMOgNtV7nXp
Paul Cockshott - Labor Theory of Value Playlist
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKVcO3co5aCBnDt7k5eU8msX4DhTNUila
Paul Cockshott - Economic Planning Playlist
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKVcO3co5aCDnkyY9YkQxpx6FxPJ23joH
Paul Cockshott - Materialism, Marxism, and Thermodynamics Playlist
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKVcO3co5aCBv0m0fAjoOy1U4mOs_Y8QM
Victor Magariño - Austrian Economics: A Critical Analysis
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpHi51IjLqerA1aKeGe3DcRc7zCCFkAoq
Victor Magariño - Rethinking Classical Economics
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpHi51IjLqepj9uE1hhCrA66tMvNlnItt
Victor Magariño - Mathematics for Classical Political Economy
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpHi51IjLqepWUHXIgVhC_Txk2WJgaSst
Geopolitical Economy Hour with Radhika Desai and Michael Hudson (someone says "he's CIA doing reheated Proudhonism" lol)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7ejfZdPboo&list=PLDAi0NdlN8hMl9DkPLikDDGccibhYHnDP

Potential Sources of Information
Leftypol Wiki Political Economy Category (needs expanding)
https://leftypedia.miraheze.org/wiki/Category:Political_economy
Sci-Hub
https://sci-hub.se/about
Marxists Internet Archive
https://www.marxists.org/
Library Genesis
https://libgen.is/
University of the Left
http://ouleft.sp-mesolite.tilted.net/Online
bannedthought.net
https://bannedthought.net/
Books scanned by Ismail from eregime.org that were uploaded to archive.org
https://archive.org/details/@ismail_badiou
The Great Soviet Encyclopedia: Articles from the GSE tend to be towards the bottom.
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/
EcuRed: Cuba's online encyclopedia
https://www.ecured.cu/
Books on libcom.org
https://libcom.org/book
Dictionary of Revolutionary Marxism
https://massline.org/Dictionary/index.htm
/EDU/ ebook share thread
https://leftypol.org/edu/res/22659.html
Pre-Marxist Economics (Marx studied these thinkers before writing Capital and Theories of Surplus Value)
https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/economics/index.htm
Principle writings of Karl Marx on political economy, 1844-1883
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/subject/economy/index.htm
Speeches and Articles of Marx and Engels on Free Trade and Protectionism, 1847-1888
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/subject/free-trade/index.htm
(The Critique Of) Political Economy After Marx's Death
https://www.marxists.org/subject/economy/postmarx.htm
R: 4 / I: 1
I have a confession I have to make, I have a group chat with some friends and one of them is a right winger and I when I'm bored I through in low effort rage bait. The latest one was Trump saying nobody knows how magnets work and he got really mad and he and this other guy had an hour long argument over it. While that was happening I took a nap and jerked off when I got up. I finally checked the chat after a bit and laughed manically at the chaos I caused. I never engage in these augments I cause. I just like making them happen over stupid bullshit and like watching the fireworks. I just needed to get that off my chest.
R: 313 / I: 424

420chan Culture Museum

Come and visit this thread! Users of leftypol, siberia, for the 420chan Culture Museum.
Here you can see an array of ancient and modern screenshots, that stem from the wonderful civilization of narcomania that inhabited the place once known as 420chan, a place that is promised to return one day.
Our unique collection of historical screenshots tells the story of human relations with psychoactive substances.

[WARNING: Some screenshots might contain NSFW content, viewer discretion is advised.]
R: 12 / I: 2

Evidence-based strategies for enhancing longevity?

Conventional advice includes intermittent fasting, consistent exercise, vegetable intake, and daily nuts. Could we eventually self-administer advanced therapies, like those involving immunosuppressants? If feasible, what is the associated complexity?

I want a lifespan of 200 years or more, are there compelling studies demonstrating effective methods for significant life extension?