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/edu/ - Education

'The weapon of criticism cannot, of course, replace criticism of the weapon, material force must be overthrown by material force; but theory also becomes a material force as soon as it has gripped the masses.' - Karl Marx
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I recently came across a heritage post about a castle in Lebanon built by the Crusaders, It got me curios and I did some digging and I was surprised to learn that pretty much all castles in the MENA countries were either built by the Crusaders or the later Ottomans.
So I have to ask, what gives? The Arabs were a smart people and castles and fortresses are a fairly useful resource for defeating cavalry forces. Even outside large scale war sand politics, in small petty tribal warfare, they would have been incredibly useful, that's why they appeared so much in Europe and why did the Ottomans adopt them more thoroughly then the Arabs.

castle are expensive to build and maintain, you build them if you expect to need them, and in medieval europe you did need them everwhere as it was kind of a clusterfuck of feodalism, while ottoman was a big empire without much need for castle in the middle of their territory

pure guess though

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Wasn't there more of a tendency to build walled cities?

Also, most castles historically were actually built from wood, not stone. Stone castles were considerably more expensive to build and more advanced. The relative lack of wood could be a limiting factor in the development of castles as a technology. The reason we think of castles as being made of stone is because wood rots. Lacquered wood castles like in Japan do survive today.


the middle east had kasbahs, citadels that included a palace, which are similar
castles are just a specific style of military fortification specific to medieval western europe
they probably came about from decentralization of feudal polities and a need to project noble power in the provinces

>>21798
Then why did the Ottomans build them.

Arabs are plenty capable of building stone forts(they most likely built great Zimbabwe). they just don't build castles that much.

>>21799
did they? i would assume common influence from byzantine architecture that both western europe and the ottoman empire had

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furusiyya
Furūsiyya (فروسية; also transliterated as furūsīyah) is the historical Arabic term for equestrian martial exercise.[1] Furūsiyya “Knighthood” is a martial tradition dating back to pre-Islamic Arabia.[2]
Illustration of a horse's ideal physical traits, 13th century manuscript of the Kitāb al-bayṭara by Aḥmad ibn ʿAtīq al-Azdī.
Late Mamluk / early Ottoman Egyptian horse armour (Egypt, c. 1550; Musée de l'Armée).

The term is a derivation of faras (فرس) "horse", and in Modern Standard Arabic means "equestrianism" in general. The term for "horseman" or "cavalier" ("knight") is fāris (فارس),[3] which is also the origin of the Spanish rank of alférez.[4] The Perso-Arabic term for "Furūsiyya literature" is faras-nāma or asb-nāma.[5] Faras-nāma is also described as a small encyclopedia about horses.[6]

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furusiyya#List_of_Furusiyyah_treatises

>>21799
ottomans loved larping as romans/byzants so that might have had some influnce


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