/edu/ - Education

Starting to nibble at Harding and Lih's analyses of Lenin's thought as far as political theory goes—one embarrassing note being that I just discovered Cottrell's response to that Austrian Engelhardt about his work and have only come out of it resolute that I don't know nearly enough about optimization

>The USSR was socialist according to Marx
Okay let's look at what he said. Marx had the Paris Communes as his main inspiration of the dictatorship of the proletariat. We can see this here :
<"Of late, the social-democratic philistine has once more been filled with wholesome terror at the words: Dictatorship of the Proletariat. Well and good, gentlemen, do you want to know what this dictatorship looks like? Look at the Paris Commune. That was the Dictatorship of the Proletariat." - Engels, in the introduction of 1891 to the Civil War in France
<"It was essentially a working class government, the product of the struggle of the producing against the appropriating class, the political form at last discovered under which to work out the economical emancipation of labor." - Marx, in the same book
Now, the Commune had : representative delegates, repossession of the means of productions to give to the workers in the forms of co-ops, democractic assemblies to decide on how to govern. Again, this for Marx was meant to be an intermediate state of repossession of the political and economic power.

Now, let's look at the soviets : no representatives in the soviets, bureaucratic management by the Party of the economy, 70 years of "transition"
That's quite a lot of differences. It is true that originally, Lenin had set out to give the soviets (i.e. the local democratic councils) the political power, which would've indeed ressembled closer to the Commune. However, this did not come to be due to a plurality of factors, hence making the USSR a bureaucratic Party-State with peculiar productive relations.

>>26023
im by no means and expert on judaism or whatever so i probobly should just stay quiet on this BUUUT if i am gonna say something based on the things that i already do know it feels a bit TOO reductive to frame the entirety (not saying thats what you're doing) as a "racialist religion" but like i said im not very familiar on that stuff so i could be wrong or whatever

>>26023
the concept of a "chosen people" is reactionary
cutting baby penises is reactionary

>>26026
it’s about the purest example for that concept there is… the religion is inherently tied to a perceived race…

Apparently his lectures are more accessible, so start with them.
Try read different translations and commentaries, there are a few different interpretations, the traditional metaphysical view, the revised metaphysical view (Beiser, Holgate, Stern) and the anti-metaphysical view (Pinkard, Pippin) and the esoteric view (Glenn Magee, Cyril O'Reagan

The Science og Logic (1812) us the most comprehensive starting point.

>>26208
>>26212
Thank you anons. Wasn't aware there were so many different ways to view Hegel (though I shouldn't be surprised really). I'll report on my findings in… maybe a month. Or more.

I tried to read Hegel once, but I'm to low I.Q to fully get.

>>26206

it's hard to get hegel if you don't get Kant, not the phenomena noumena Kant, the real shit, the critiques, and some Fichte too. This is the bare minimum I think, but after that, you can always check why Kant was so revolutionary, by checking Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Hume, Wolff, etc. And after that, you could go back to Plato and Aristotle, Plotinus and Proclus, or wherever you want.

>>26218
The best thing you can do if you want to be a self-taught philosophy student is follow your interests. I've tried the "start with the Greeks" meme and as a wagie I just don't have the time, energy, nor the smarts for it. President Sunday is good friends with the Youtube channel Quarantine Collective (a bit libby but he does great stuff) who has dozens of videos explaining Deleuze, not only that but has read through Anti-Oedipus chapter by chapter multiple times. Even with all the """prerequisite""" reading for AO you will still need to read it multiple times.

>>26218
Try not make your backlog to much, you could spend a lifetime following the thread back in time to the present. I suggest just going straight in to what you want to read and referring back to any references if needed for the sake of clarity, sometimes authors will try to write in a self contained manner that reduces the need to do so and sometimes they'll presume a level of background knowledge.

>>26218
Read all Plato's dialogues, especially the harder ones. Take your time, learn how to think. Don't buy the usual formulas, use the dialogues as conceptual workshops to make ideas clash with one another. Don't bother with the introductions unless they give some historical context and explains some of the complex terms, so you dont stumble into "false friends" (google it), such as ουσία and other such terms. Don't believe the usual interpretations, such as the supposed world of ideas vs world of the bodies and all that christian dualist crap, and also take the Phaedo with a grain of salt, don't go about reading the other dialogues basing your interpretation on the Phaedo, or on any other one for that matter. I say this because the usual crap that people say about Plato seems to take the Phaedo as the one and only dialogue he wrote. Dont try to fit everything in a single mega system that Plato supposedly had. Dont buy all the biographical crap, the introductions where they speak about Plato as if he was their neighbor, when we actually know almost nothing about his life. Dont bother with that, just use the dialogues to see how complex speculative concepts move, work each other out, transform into one another, destroy one another, etc.

This way, you will learn how to think, because Plato has put into the dialogues everything a philosopher needs. In the dialogues philosophy appears in its natural element, it's natural habitat if you will: two or more people talking about concepts, take advantage of that and treat them as if they were a friend you were reasoning with.

If I were you I would follow up with some Aristotle, some modern stuff (Descartes Spinoza Leibniz Hume etc) and then some Kant. Then, whatever you want, you are from that point onwards free. Take a word of advice from me: there will probably be a point you'll get into romanticism and/or existentialism and similar lines, be extremely wary of that because it's a phase not to get stuck on. Be wary of the philosophers that criticize Hegel saying he is an absolutist, that he rejects feeling, that he rejects this and that… Give good old Hegel the benefit of the doubt and approach him someday with an open mind, he is an endless source of complex concepts and manouvers no philosopher should abstain himself from. Marx himself said that Hegel "truly has the last say in philosophy". AlsPost too long. Click here to view the full text.

>>26223
Yes, Alfred Whitehead said that all of philosophy is a footnote to Plato and Aristotle would be the most influential interpretation of Plato via scholasticism which is more or less a synthesis of the two and is still upheld in Abrahamic circles as a viable system into modern times. So one should definitely read those two authors.

Then as far as eastern philosophy, one should read the Upanishads and bhagavad Gita, Laozi, Zhuangzi and the I Ching, Visuddhimagga and Milinda Panha

>>26224
>Yes, Alfred Whitehead said that all of philosophy is a footnote to Plato and Aristotle would be the most influential interpretation of Plato via scholasticism which is more or less a synthesis of the two and is still upheld in Abrahamic circles as a viable system into modern times. So one should definitely read those two authors.

First and foremost, Aristotelianism is but a small fraction of scholasticism. There are countless other schools and the Aristotelian one only got prominent in the end, and was never in a position of undisputed hegemony. Secondly, Aristotle in itself is very different from scholasticism, and Plato never ceased to be a direct influence in its own right, save for the long time in which most of his dialogues were lost in western Europe alongside most of the corpus aristotelicum. Even still, some dialogues always stayed in circulation, such as the Timaeus (for obvious reasons), and many of his ideas (or rather, ideas about his ideas), through Augustine, Boetius, Dionysus Aeropagite, and this general neoplatonic mileau of early christian thought. In the 1200s, the corpus aristotelicum was recovered, iirc, by translations from the arabic comissioned in Spain (translations themselves made from syriac, which themselves were made from greek), and Aristotle was back in the scene. All of Plato's dialogues were recovered afterwards, in the 1500s, after the fall of constantinople, when many greek scholars fled to Italy, along the original greek version of aristotle, again, iirc. Here Plato was truly recovered and had an immense influence in renaissance and early modern philosophy. If you read Descartes meditations after you read the Phaedo, you will understand, and this is just one connection.


Either way, I didn't recommend you Plato because he is an influential guy. I didn't even recommend it to you to get ahold of the philosophical canon and get your stuff together historically. In Plato's dialogue you will find a truly godlike philosopher showing how CONCEPTS work, what are their limits, what configurations can they work in, how do they clash, which ones are implied (often surreptitiously, unbeknownst to the user) by using and abusing other ones… By reading Plato you don't become a PLATONIST, you learn how to THINK, provided you approach the text without those plain formulas found iPost too long. Click here to view the full text.

>>26061
Growing up I would see villains in fiction whose ideologies are so retarded that it de-immersed me from what I was reading, but as an adult I've come to realize that reactionaries are simply like that and have podcasts and substacks where they say so plainly.

>>26172
I used to hate how cartoonishly evil villains were in some work of fiction, and thought moral ambiguity and all sides doing bad things was closer to the truth. Now I am an adult ruled and I realized real life is full of cartoonishly evil villains.

>>26061
Why did he not use horrors per square meter? It is a much more common measurement.

>>26063
Utilitarianism would be conservationism funnily enough

We need 100 Kaczynskis in every Chinese fast fashion factory

iirc the handwave justification is that the SRs were split between their left and right, with the left underrepresented because of outdated candidate lists, which justified ignoring the constituent assembly. the left-SRs backed the bolsheviks in shutting down the constituent assembly. they had both the numbers and the power to pull it off in practice, even if the parliamentary arithmetic didn't work out in their favor.

Basketmaker Culture and Puebloan Origins

Settlement containing a stela with Maya influences found at the site of a new housing development in Coatepec, Veracruz

New Classic Maya site with Rio Bec style temple and multiple monuments containing inscriptions found in the central Maya lowlands in Campeche. The site is notable for having no signs of looting.

Palenque: Discoveries You Haven't Seen Before
from Archaeologist Ed Barnhart (his personal youtube channel), who led the Palenque Mapping Project (1998-2000). He's an excellent communicator about Archeology and his professional focus is central and south America. This video is covering some lesser known details about the site.

>>20613
i know this is years ago but in that case, you could make a career out of that my man… ever thought of that?

No, I'm not a Marxist, I think Marxism has already run it course

>>26201
Whwt do you think has replaced it?

Bunch of irrelevant wannabe-intellectual bullshit. None of this is doing the working class any good