>>2745062SOVIET REVISIONIST “NEW INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS” IS ANOTHER NAME FOR NEOCOLONIALISM Economic Unification Is a Major Measure of the Neocolonialism Launched by Soviet Revisionism To pursue high monopoly profits, monopoly capital, while increasing exploitation of the people at home, inevitably expands externally. Through capital export and by adopting colonial policies, it plunders and enslaves the people of other countries. The monopoly capitalism of Soviet revisionism naturally is not satisfied with the exploitation of the Soviet workers and peasant masses and inevitably extends its paws to foreign countries. The first to be so affected are the “fraternal countries” of that “big socialist family.” The renegade clique of Brezhnev trapped some Eastern European countries and Mongolia into a so-called “big socialist family.” The nominal relations between Soviet revisionism and the “fraternal countries” of this big family are “new socialist international relations.” Actually, it is a cat and mouse relationship between the imperialist superpower and the colonies. The Soviet Union resorted to the most brutal and vicious means to tightly control these countries. Militarily, it stationed sizable armed forces in some countries in line with the “Warsaw Pact” and other bilateral agreements. It even openly mobilized several hundred thousand troops to invade Czechoslovakia. Politically, it bribed, sabotaged, and even used bayonets to set up puppet governments. Economically, it pushed the so-called “economic unif ication” through the “Council for Mutual Economic Aid” (COMECON). Some Eastern European countries and Mongolia are virtually under colonial rule and suffer shocking exploitation. The intent of the “economic unification” promoted by the social imperialism of Soviet revisionism is to dissolve the national economic systems of COMECON members, create a monolithic, lopsided colonial economy, and “unify” the territories, populations, and resources of these countries with the social imperialism of Soviet revisionism. Soviet revisionism’s “international division of labor” and “production specialization” are both subject to “economic unification,” serving the purpose of realizing the above mentioned “economic unification.” One of the means used by Soviet revisionism to enslave the “fraternal countries” in the name of “economic unification” is to destroy the fuel and raw material industries of the COMECON member countries and to achieve a high degree of monopoly by Soviet revisionism. According to statistics released by COMECON and official Soviet revisionist sources, in the 1966–1970 period, the percentages of imported fuel and raw materials going from the Soviet revisionists to Bulgaria, Hungary, the German Democratic Republic, Poland, and Czechoslovakia were: 93 percent for petroleum, 61.9 percent for coal, 86.8 percent for iron ore, 97.5 percent for pig iron, and 64.3 percent for raw cotton. The high degree of monopoly by the Soviet revisionists in the supply of fuel and raw materials to the member countries determined the fate of these countries. Another means used by Soviet revisionism to enslave the “fraternal countries” in the name of “economic unification” was to force the member countries to specialize in products required by the Soviet revisionists. For example, Poland was forced to develop the shipbuilding industry, Czechoslovakia to specialize in railway rolling stock, the German Democratic Republic to produce mining equipment, Bulgaria to produce vegetables and fruits, and Mongolia to specialize in the livestock industry to provide meat for the Soviet revisionist. This way, the “fraternal countries” were transformed into affiliated processing plants, orchards and vegetable gardens, and livestock ranches for Soviet revisionism. To accelerate “economic unification” and more effectively control the member countries, Soviet revisionism set up a series of “supranational organizations” such as the “International Metallurgical Industry Cooperative Organization,” the “International Chemical Engineering Industry Cooperative Organization,” the “International Economic Cooperative Bank,” and the “International Investment Bank.” These “supranational organizations” are actually international monopoly organizations controlled by the state monopoly capitalism of Soviet revisionism. Through them, the vital departments of the national economies of the member countries are controlled by Soviet revisionism. When Soviet revisionism had its hands at the throats of the “fraternal countries,” coercing them to lopsidedly develop their economies in conformity with Soviet needs, it could plunder them through trade using monopoly and colonial rules. According to Soviet revisionist magazines, in 1970 Soviet revisionism accounted for 80 percent of Mongolia’s total foreign trade, more than 50 percent of Bulgaria’s, about 40 percent of that of the German Democratic Republic, and about one third of that of Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia. Taking advantage of its dominant position, Soviet revisionism has cruelly exploited these countries by trading with them on unfavorable terms. The Soviet Union traded Mongolia one bicycle for four horses and one toy lamb for one live lamb. The Soviet import price for electric locomotives from Czechoslovakia was two fifths lower than the import price of the same item from West Germany. But the export price of iron ore from the Soviet revisionist to Czechoslovakia was more than twice as high as that to West Germany. The atomic reactors sold by Soviet revisionism to some Eastern European countries were at a price four times higher than in the international market. A former member of the Planning Commission of the German Democratic Republic complained that the annual loss suffered by his country from trading with the Soviet Union amounted to 2 billion marks. Like capital imperialism, the social imperialism of Soviet revisionism exported capital to some Eastern European countries and Mongolia calling it “aid.” Up to early 1971, Soviet revisionism exported capital totaling 2.15 billion rubles as long-term “loans.” Through capital export, not only were large sums of money extracted in the form of interest, but the direction of development in the recipient countries was also controlled. Moreover, availing themselves of this exporting, they dumped large quantities of unmarketable commodities and equipment at high prices to obtain high monopoly profits. While exporting capital, the Soviet revisionists, taking advantage of their predominate position in “economic unification” and under the pretext of the increasing demands by member countries for Soviet exports of raw materials, compelled some countries to provide the funds and manpower for the construction of Soviet plants and the exploration of Soviet mines. They engaged in naked plundering. For example, in 1966 Czechoslovakia was forced to furnish 500 million rubles to the Soviet revisionists for the purpose of buying steel pipes and petroleum equipment to develop the Uzen oilfield. In 1968, Czechoslovakia was again forced to furnish large quantities of trucks and large caliber piping to construct a pipeline for Siberian natural gas. Soviet revisionism even drafted several tens of thousands of laborers from Bulgaria to do hard labor, thus directly exploiting their surplus labor. Lenin once denounced the old czar as not only [oppressing] those nine-tenths [of the Great-Russian people] economically and politically, but also demoralizes, degrades, dishonors and prostitutes them by teaching them to oppress other nations and to cover up this shame with hypocritical and quasi-patriotic phrases.The conduct of Soviet revisionism toward its neighboring countries today is even worse than that of the old czar. The so-called “international division of labor” and “production specialization” in the service of Soviet revisionist “economic unification” is a “division of labor” between the superpower and its colonies, like the one advocated by the old Japanese militarism under the slogan of “industrial Japan, agricultural China.” The “big socialist family” of Soviet revisionism is merely a different name for an imperialist sphere of influence like the “new European order” of Hitler’s Germany and Japanese militarism’s “Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.” Carrying out a Colonial Expansion Policy in Asia, Africa, and Latin America Under the Name of “Aid” Because Soviet revisionism has transformed into social imperialism, it must also be subject to the laws governing imperialism. It naturally is not satisfied with colonial rule within the “big socialist family,” but inevitably tries to monopolize more of the world’s markets for its commodities, raw materials, and investment. Asia, Africa, and Latin America, with their abundant resources and backward economies, have been the natural objects of Soviet revisionist colonial expansion. The renegade clique of Soviet revisionism says it offers “aid” to Asia, Africa, and Latin America. But in fact, under the guise of “aid,” it attempts in every way to bring some countries of these regions into its own sphere of influence and to struggle with United States imperialism to win over the third countries. “Soviet aid” is a trojan horse which breaks its way into the “aid” recipient countries on all sides, carrying harsh political and economic conditions. It consists mainly of “military aid,” namely, the sale of outdated military hardware. By this means, it controls and interferes with the “aid” recipient countries militarily, politically, and economically. Soviet revisionism annually gives one billion rubles in aid to regions in Asia, Africa, and Latin America: 30 percent as “economic aid” and 70 percent as “military aid.” The key areas are the Middle East and the Persian Gulf area; next in line is the South Asian subcontinent. Because the Middle East and the Persian Gulf areas possess immense strategic value and are rich in oil, Soviet revisionism tries very hard in many countries in these areas to establish naval and air bases, control the prospecting, extracting, refining, and transportation of oil, and monopolize the purchase of oil through “Soviet aid.” The South Asian subcontinent possesses not only important strategic value but also abundant natural and human resources. Soviet revisionism has plundered the resources of these areas and interfered with their politics (through exports of military hardware and capital at unfavorable terms of trade) while waiting for favorable opportunities to establish military bases. In the South Asian subcontinent, India has received the largest share of “Soviet aid.” Her economic pulse has been in the hands of Soviet revisionism. As of the end of 1970, the percentages of Indian industrial production coming from enterprises receiving Soviet “aid” were as follows: 30 percent of its steel output, 60 percent of its oil refining capacity, 85 percent of its heavy machines, 20 percent of its electricity output, 30 percent of its oil products, and 60 percent of its electricity generating equipment. In the “aid assisted” projects, engineering designs were monopolized and totally controlled during the construction phase by Soviet revisionism. Even in operation, it was still impossible for India to be independent of the control of Soviet revisionism. For the maintenance of equipment and the supply of parts and important materials, it had to rely on the Soviet revisionists. In addition, Soviet revisionism further controlled India’s production by demanding that “Soviet aid” be repaid in kind. Some of India’s leather shoe factories, garment factories, dye factories, leather factories, and light bulb factories were not set up to meet the India’s consumption, but for export to the Soviet Union to repay debts. It was in these ways that Soviet revisionism sought to take advantage of India’s raw materials and cheap labor and turn India into its affiliated processing plant under the guise of “aid.” The Indian press exclaimed, “India is auygh that sits snugly in the Russian Basket.” The renegade clique of Soviet revisionism boasts that only by relying on Soviet “aid” and entering into “international division of labor. . . can the developing countries smoothly attain real political and economic independence and be capable of resisting imperialist power.” This is indeed the greatest lie ever told. Even Soviet revisionism had to admit that the division of labor between her and the developing countries was “strongly affected by the preexisting division of labor.” Its characteristic is “the exchange of industrial products, especially machinery for raw materials, tropical produce, and fuel.” Over 95 percent of the Soviet revisionists’ imports of rubber and 92 percent of their imports of cotton come from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The Soviet revisionists trade their outdated machinery for oil from the Middle East, copper from Chile, tin from Bolivia, meat from East Africa, and uranium from Somalia. Is it not true that this pattern of “international division of labor” between the “industrial Soviet Union” and “agricultural Asia, Africa, and Latin America” is typical of the division of labor between a superpower and its colonies? The renegade clique of Soviet revisionism boasts that the interest on its loans, 2.5 percent per annum, is much lower than that charged by the capital imperialist countries and that the loans are “selfless aid.” In fact, Soviet revisionist loans are a disguised form of usury. The usurious interest rate was concealed in the high prices charged for goods supplied. The Soviet loans extended to the countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America had to be used for purchasing Soviet goods, consisting primarily of outdated weapons, old equipment, and unmarketable commodities. Not only were the products poor in quality and backward in technology, but they were also higher in price, some 20 percent, 30 percent, or even 100 percent higher than the prices on the international market. In addition, the Soviet revisionist social-imperialists often pressed the debtor countries for payment, compelling them to supply the Soviet Union with certain raw materials. It was reported that the Soviet Union had signed an agreement with a Middle Eastern country demanding that the latter pay its debts to the former in oil from 1973 through 1980 at prices 20 percent below the international market price. What is labeled as “selfless aid” is in fact cruel exploitation. Verbally, the renegade clique of the Soviet revisionists have promised “total support” for the revolutionary struggles of the peoples in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. In reality, they have colluded with all the world’s most reactionary powers to undermine the revolutionary struggles of these peoples and have pursued neocolonialism. They have supplied money and arms to help the reactionary groups of various countries massacre revolutionaries. They have dismembered Pakistan, supported the traitor clique of Lon Nol, engaged in sabotage in many countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, used all means to support the reactionary groups of various countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America in order to extinguish the people’s armed struggle, suppressed national liberation movements, and acted as the military police of the world.