>>2591895I asked it a question about the Weathermen and it told me this:
Who were the Weathermen (the Weather Underground)?
The Weathermen (Weather Underground Organization, WUO) emerged from the New Left milieu of the 1960s, most visibly from the radicalizing wing of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). After the 1969 “Days of Rage” and the split at the SDS national convention, the Weathermen declared a turn to clandestine direct action and armed struggle against the US state, carrying out bombings, jailbreaks, and other illegal activities aimed at US imperialism and the racial oppression inside the United States. Their famous slogan, “Bring the war home,” expressed the attempt to collapse the distinction between U.S. actions abroad (Vietnam, imperial interventions) and repression at home (racism, policing).
A materialist critique: why their politics were divorced from a socialist assessment of the social basis for revolution
From a Marxist and Fourth International perspective, political strategy must be grounded in the material conditions and class relations that make revolution possible. Several connected defects explain why the Weathermen were politically divorced from a genuinely socialist approach:
Petty‑bourgeois spontaneity and voluntarism. The Weathermen drew heavily on students, youth and some radicalized intellectuals whose social position and political experience predisposed them to dramatic individual or small‑group actions. Lenin’s critique — that socialist consciousness does not simply spring up spontaneously in the working class and that a party must bring theory into the working class — is not a license for voluntarism from outside the working class. Rather it warns that revolutionary practice requires a disciplined, strategic organisation rooted in the working class (Lenin, What Is To Be Done?). The Weathermen inverted this relation: they made clandestine militancy the leading axis rather than work to connect and build influence inside the proletariat.
Absence of a working‑class base and of class analysis. Marxism locates revolutionary potential in the socialized producers; revolutionary strategy must evaluate the objective balance of class forces and develop tactics to win the working class politically. The Weathermen’s program largely ignored the concrete conditions of industrial and organized labor, trade unions, and the differentiated composition of the US working class. As Engels and Marx taught, the superstructure (politics, ideology, organisation) must be connected to the economic base; you cannot substitute isolated acts of violence for a mass, organised movement grounded in production and wage‑labour relations (SEP Foundations, on historical materialism and the party).
Failure to build a revolutionary party or mass organs. Trotsky and Lenin insisted that the fundamental instrument of proletarian revolution is the party, trained and tested in mass struggles and capable of turning preparedness into seizure of power (Trotsky, Lessons of October). The Weathermen rejected the patient and often boring work of building mass organisations, rank‑and‑file structures, and political cadres in favor of clandestine cells. Lacking a party and mass links, their actions could not be translated into a transition from resistance to revolutionary seizure of power.
Ultraleftism and moralism over programmatic socialism. The Weathermen fused anti‑imperialist rhetoric, cultural radicalism and acts of militancy, but did not elaborate a program for social transformation of property, state and production. Socialist politics demands a program rooted in the socialization of industry and international working‑class solidarity, not simply denunciation or spectacular violence. Where balanced Marxist strategy analyses objective preconditions for revolutionary change, the Weathermen’s approach remained primarily expressive and condemnatory.
Did “bring the war home” ring hollow without meaningful theory and practice?
Yes. The slogan captured an essential truth — that imperialist war and oppression at home are linked — but a slogan alone is not a strategy. The slogan rang hollow politically for three reasons:
Lack of connecting practice. Effective revolutionary strategy turns insight into organisation: building political influence within unions, workplaces, Black and Latino struggles, neighborhood movements and prisoner solidarity. The Weathermen often treated mass movements as background theatre rather than arenas to win the working class to socialist leadership.
Isolation from mass forces. Spectacular clandestine acts can intimidate or inspire small layers, but without mass political grounding they alienate broad democratic and working‑class sectors. Instead of increasing working‑class confidence in their own power, isolated bombings tended to isolate the actors and provide the state with justification for repression.
No program for power. Bringing imperialism “home” requires not only exposing the link between war and domestic oppression but presenting a program to abolish capitalist property relations and build workers’ power. Without such programmatic content, militancy remains episodic and ultimately fails to change class relations.
Concluding assessment
From the standpoint of the materialist conception of history and the continuity of the Fourth International, the Weathermen represented a tragic example of petty‑bourgeois radicalism that substituted militancy for the patient construction of working‑class political organisation. Their methods neither created a mass revolutionary force nor offered a strategy for conquering and exercising power. The lesson, borne out by Lenin’s and Trotsky’s experience and by the history of the working‑class movement, is clear: revolutionary transformation requires dialectical connection of theory, mass organisation, and strategy rooted in the concrete balance of class forces — not spectacular voluntarism alone.
For further reading on the SEP’s principled and historical approach to these questions see the SEP foundational discussion of Marxism, party and strategy (The Historical and International Foundations of the Socialist Equality Party).