Kemal himself was against socialism and was against the socialist experiment in Russia. In Medeni Bilgiler (
https://www.turkererturk.com.tr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/M.K.Atat%C3%BCrk-Medeni-Bilgiler.pdf) (page 67-to-69), he openly goes against socialism, the syndicalist movement and corporatism due to their acknowledgement of class relations and, specifically for Bolshevism, for being too authoritarian in his eyes and for not giving importance to "national values." Here is the part where he talks about "Bolshevism," translated to English through deepl:
"1. Let us consider the form in which Bolshevik ideology was implemented in Russia: a minority drawn from the entire Russian people—comprising workers, sailors, and soldiers—united under the banner of a communist party based on economic principles and established a dictatorship. Their aims are not national in character. They do not recognize individual freedom or equality. They have no respect for popular sovereignty. Internally, they force the majority to submit to their ideas through coercion and oppression; externally, they attempt to spread their principles to all the nations of the world through propaganda and revolutionary organizations. Yet the primary purpose of establishing a government is to ensure individual freedom. The Bolshevik government is characterized by an element of oppression. It is certainly impossible to view a government system as reasonable if it forces a society to endure the enslavement and helplessness imposed by the ideas of a certain group of people."
In 1927, when he got the full names of the member of the Communist Party of Turkey (TKP) – which was by then an underground organization due to Kemal's repressive policies towards political opposition (even creating a fake communist party of the same name with a group of people, one of them being a journalist that would be a future Nazi sympathizer, during the war of independence in order to limit the popularity of the TKP) and due to 14 of their founding members being massacred in 1921 – he got a majority of their members imprisoned in order to stop communism from spreading.
It is obvious that Ataturk was against communism and that the ideals of bourgeois nationalism can never be integrated into the communist struggle as Engels had pointed out, in the Principles of Communism, that nationalities would cease to exist under communism. Bourgeois nationalism also requires the formation of a nation-state, which is in contrast to the aims of the communist movement which seeks to abolish the state as it is a by-product of class society, specifically bourgeois class society/capitalism.