>>2552621No he did not. Marx did not say that the productive forces were fully ready by the 1850s. In Capital (1867), he analyzed capitalism as still developing, especially industrial production, global trade, and finance. He did believe that the proletariat was growing and class struggle was intensifying, but he didn’t think the system had reached its limit.
100 years later, productive forces were still not sufficient enough for the USSR to realize the stage of communism. By the 1970s and 1980s, the USSR even fell behind the capitalist West and living standards would stagnate. Economic growth slowed and innovation lagged compared to the dynamic, consumer driven West. The world wide web and the laptop was invented in capitalist societies like the UK and Japan. In the Soviet Union, the central planning model started becoming inflexible and unresponsive. Shortages, inefficiencies, and black markets grew. Part of this is because the USSR began in material deprivation, surrounded by hostile capitalist powers. And unlike the West, it also did not benefit from centuries of colonial plunder or capital accumulation. The global system remained capitalist; the USSR was constantly under pressure (economic, military, ideological). Meanwhile, the West had access to global labor, markets, and resources via neo-colonial structures, foreign debt, and imperial alliances (e.g., Bretton Woods, IMF, NATO). Planned economies can initially mobilize resources efficiently, especially in catching up. But they tend to struggle with responsiveness, and complexity. The material conditions also weren’t ready. Automation, AI, abundant renewable energy, robotics, global productivity weren’t there yet.