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/edu/ - Education

'The weapon of criticism cannot, of course, replace criticism of the weapon, material force must be overthrown by material force; but theory also becomes a material force as soon as it has gripped the masses.' - Karl Marx
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File: 1641325487460.jfif (498.81 KB, 1362x2119, precolumbian ethnic group….jfif)

 

ITT post information about the history and anthropology of the New World. A lot of new anthropological work has been done in this field in recent decades that has not yet entered public consciousness.
182 posts and 235 image replies omitted.

Basketmaker Culture and Puebloan Origins

Settlement containing a stela with Maya influences found at the site of a new housing development in Coatepec, Veracruz


New Classic Maya site with Rio Bec style temple and multiple monuments containing inscriptions found in the central Maya lowlands in Campeche. The site is notable for having no signs of looting.

Palenque: Discoveries You Haven't Seen Before
from Archaeologist Ed Barnhart (his personal youtube channel), who led the Palenque Mapping Project (1998-2000). He's an excellent communicator about Archeology and his professional focus is central and south America. This video is covering some lesser known details about the site.

>>20613
i know this is years ago but in that case, you could make a career out of that my man… ever thought of that?


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<Nearly all self-proclaimed Marxists are frauds who haven’t even read Marx, let alone understand him. They use the label Marxism, despite knowing nothing about it, as a pseudo-intellectual obfuscation for their liberal ideology.

To begin, what is Marxism?
>Marxism is not a theory of equality. It is not a diagnosis of injustice, nor is it a specific prescription of how to remedy society’s ills. Marxism is a method for acquiring knowledge about the laws governing the historical development of societies. Marxism thus regards itself as a type of science. Most people think of science as something purely descriptive.
<But the reason Marx’s contemporaries called him Prometheus is because he bequeathed a science that did not just describe reality, but participated in its development. This makes Marxism totally contrary to modern science.
>Modern science places knowledge above its object. To know, means to strip something naked to consciousness and turn it into a utility for the knowing subject. He who knows an object, can control, master, and alter an object. But the ‘object’ known by Marxism is none other than human society itself. And the paradox lies in the obvious fact that society is not just an object, but also a subject. Marxists (subjects) are themselves part of the very object they make knowable.
<To complicate matters further, Marx does not claim knowledge of society alone can transform society. Instead, he proves that society is already coming to know and transform itself materially in the form of the then growing proletarian class. Most people think Marx is ‘Promethean’ because he wanted his ideas popularized. But the REAL reason was because he had the courage of declaring the return of knowledge back to being itself, and human beings in particular. He created a science that ceased to be above its object.
>For Marx, the knowledge of historical laws arrived at by consciousness, was being reflected in history itself. Knowledge of humanity does not dominate humanity, but reveals that it was there, and part of it all along. “Communism is the riddle of history solved.”

Why the need for class consciousness?
<This is where people misunderPost too long. Click here to view the full text.
28 posts and 19 image replies omitted.

“Western Marxism,” yesterday and today

https://www.newintermag.com/against-losurdo/

>In recent years, the writings of the late Italian Marxist-Leninist Domenico Losurdo have exerted increasing influence over sections of the Anglophone left. So far ten of his books and more than a dozen articles he wrote have been translated into English, along with a number of interviews. During his lifetime he was praised as an “almost unbelievably well-read” historian of ideas,[1] celebrated as “one of the great contemporary authorities on Hegel.”[2] Posthumously, Losurdo was eulogized as a boundlessly erudite militant and scholar.[3] Today he is held up by the organizers of the Critical Theory Workshop and the owners of the Red Sails website as one of their leading lights. A couple of his texts have been the subject of intense controversy, however. When Stalin: History and Critique of a Black Legend first appeared in Italian in 2008, it generated a storm of outrage. Losurdo’s final written work, Western Marxism: How it was Born, How it Died, and How it can be Reborn, has similarly stirred scandal among commentators. Even before the English edition appeared in September 2024 under the auspices of Monthly Review Press, this polemic garnered a highly critical review in the pages of a major leftwing journal.[4]

>Many of Losurdo’s most outspoken promoters in the English-speaking world have suggested that there is a conspiracy to suppress the translation of his more controversial works. Whether or not this is the case is difficult to ascertain. They are right to point out, in any case, that it is mistaken to treat his books on Stalin or on Western Marxism as if they were somehow aberrant within his broader corpus. No doubt writers produce works of uneven quality; some texts will always be more worthwhile than others. But the comparative approach he adopted with respect to these topics is identical to the one he employed in his inquiries into liberalism, class struggle, nonviolence, Bonapartism contra democracy, and revisionist history, as well as his studies of philosophers like Hegel, Nietzsche, and Heidegger. Losurdo even recycled a number of arguments he made in these works for his reconsideration of Stalin and diatribe against Marxists in the West. It is therefore futile to diPost too long. Click here to view the full text.

>>26198
>The following essay will take Losurdo’s book on Western Marxism as its point of departure, but will refer to many of his other works along the way. For ease of readability, it will be divided into three parts. Part one will interrogate how “Western Marxism” was historically articulated, especially how it was taken up by journals influential on the New Left. It will be seen that the notion was evaluated differently depending on how these journals oriented themselves toward “actually-existing socialism,” toward the question of defeat, and toward the prospect of revolutionary politics in the present. Here the methodology utilized by Losurdo will also be examined. Next, a second part will make reference to the various Marxists he disparaged, to see whether his characterization of them withstands scrutiny. Some of his careless, and at times even unscrupulous, scholarship will be demonstrated in this section. Finally, a third part will challenge Losurdo’s antirevisionist credentials.[5] Revisionism is a topic he wrote about at length, mostly when it came to the history of war and revolution, but Losurdo himself revised the teachings of Marx, Engels, and Lenin in two major respects: first by denying the need for coordinated international proletarian revolution, and then by denying that the state would ultimately dissolve in a classless society.

No, I'm not a Marxist, I think Marxism has already run it course

>>26201
Whwt do you think has replaced it?

Bunch of irrelevant wannabe-intellectual bullshit. None of this is doing the working class any good


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What do you think of this text?
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/jewish-question/

>meow
>meow
>meow
1 post omitted.

>>26164
Give me a serious analysis of this text.

To me, it is a genius and overlooked text of Marx's.
In the first part, Marx criticises political secularism as often being a motive for an intensified civic theocracy, as in the case of the US. This relates to Marx's reply to Bauer in general; that secularism is not enough, since the content of religion can transform itself in new ways. Such is the case of Judaism and Christianity; the Christian imagines that they have extinguished Judaism, but really, they are "inwardly circumcised" Jews, in the Paulian sense. The absence of the external Jew does not negate the internal Jew, and so on. Further, what is the spectre of Jewishness? To Marx and Bauer, the Jew represents capitalism in the realm of civil society, while the Christian sublimes this relation in the state. The Christian state thus preserves an inner Judaism, or as Marx says, the Christian has become a Jew himself (e.g. a capitalist), but in a more severe form, because he spiritualises it. The honest Jew is better than the dishonest Jew; that's what I interpret.

Im marxist-leninist but Im with Bauer when he said that everyone needs to renounce the religion they belong to, including jews. I mean Marx kind of did that, he never identified himself by his jewish ancestry. Communists are international class-conscious beings. Not some ethnically identifying followers of religion.

>>26193
But Marx's point is that mere renouncement is not enough. The US is a "secular" country, but still very religious. Bauer thinks that Liberalism can end antisemitism by abolishing Judaism, but Marx's point is that only Communism can do that. The two split on the topic of Marx's politics, like so many other Young Hegelians.

>>26193
Yes but it's idealist to think the masses will renounce religion, specially those who live in dire conditions due to capitalksm. Like this anon said >>26197 , economic emancipation will bring true liberty to everyone, and people won't need religion to cope anymore.


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Holy shit if you actually read these guys they're straight-up ancaps and fascists. They're all small-government nationalists obsessed with life, liberty and private property. They already do the whole Schmittian state of exception thing with the state of war. And they're okay with slavery as long as its against the ignorant or its a state of war. Basically, the worst kind of dark satanic mill shit. Like Mill wants to freely sell alcohol and then put drunkards in labor camps. Nietzsche and nihilism are irrelevant, the fascists are straight-up copies of Locke and Mill. And to be honest, the Liberals do that really long-winded and dull prose that fascists do as well.

- "Two Treatises of Government" by John Locke https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/john-locke/two-treatises-of-government
- "On Liberty" by John Stuart Mill https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/john-stuart-mill/on-liberty
5 posts and 1 image reply omitted.

Nietzsche is for the failsons specifically

>>25165
Are you 15?

>>25223
Obviously I meant that Schmit and the ancaps elaborated on tendencies already pre-existing in liberalism.

Fascists use philosophical and intellectual pretexts because, due to their ideology, they completely fail to understand the richness and nuance of discourse. Unfortunately, you do not offer a nuanced perspective on the issue; Mill's anti-slavery stance would have been interesting in this specific context. Furthermore, please elaborate on your statement: according to which philosophy or definition do you really see fascism, with examples? Locke refers to a limitation of the state's room for maneuver, which is indeed damaging, but these are founding texts, and what followed was not the intention of their authors.

>>25356
yes thats how ideology works, i can cherrypick stuff from ᴉuᴉlossnW cherrypicking sorel cherrypicking marx to prove marxism is "fascism" or whatever


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In this thread we list examples of western collaboration with fascism, including both private companies and governments.

>"without American petroleum and American trucks, and American credit, we could never have won the Civil War."

-Spanish diplomat José María Doussinague
23 posts omitted.

Union Banking Corporation: While Prescott Bush, father of the elder President George Bush, was its director, the Union Banking Corporation represented the interests of the German industrialist, Fritz Thyssen, in the 1930s. Bush was also linked to the Consolidated Silesian Steel Company, on the German-Polish border, which used slave labor from the concentration camps.

>>26152
The Rockefellers and Chase bank

>“The Rockefellers owned Standard Oil of New Jersey, the German accounts of which were siphoned through their own bank, the Chase, as well as through the independent National City Bank of New York, which also handled Standard, Sterling Products, General Aniline and Film, SKF, and ITT, whose chief, Sosthenes Behn, was a director of the N.C.B. Two executives of Standard Oil's German subsidiary were Karl Lindemann and Emil Helfferich, prominent figures in Himmler's Circle of Friends of the Gestapo-its chief financiers-and close friends and colleagues of the BIS's Baron von Schrode”

>“As war approached, the links between the Rockefellers and the Nazi government became more and more firm. In 1936 the J. Henry Schroder Bank of New York had entered into a partnership with the Rockefellers. Schroder, Rockefeller and Company, Investment Bankers, was formed as part of an overall company that Time magazine disclosed as being "the economic booster of the Rome-Berlin Axis. " The partners in Schroder, Rockefeller and Company included Avery Rockefeller, nephew of John D., Baron Bruno von Schroder in London, and Kurt von Schroder of the BIS and the Gestapo in Cologne. Avery Rockefeller owned 42 percent of Schroder, Rockefeller, and Baron Bruno and his Nazi cousin 47 percent. Their lawyers were John Foster Dulles and Allen Dulles of Sullivan and Cromwell. Allen Dulles (later of the Office of Strategic Services) was on the board of Schroder. Further connections linked the Paris branch of Chase to Schroder as well as the pro-Nazi Worms Bank and Standard Oil of New Jersey in France. Standard Oil's Paris representatives were directors of the Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas, which had intricate connections to the Nazis and to Chase.”

-TRADING WITH THE ENEMY: An Exposé of The Nazi-American Money-Plot 1933-1949

>After the Rockefellers, the next largest stockholder in Standard Oil was I.G. Farben, the giant German chemical company. This investment was part of a pattern of reciprocal investments between the U.S. and Germany during the Nazi years. During the Great Depression, Germany was viewed as a hot area in which to invest.

https://web.archive.org/web/20160216112736/https://web.mit.edu/thistle/www/v13/3/oil.html

Farben built a factory for producing synthetic oil and rubber (from coal) in Auschwitz, which was the beginning of SS activity and camps in this location during the Holocaust.
At its peak in 1944, this factory made use of 83,000 forced laborers.

The pesticide Zyklon B, for which IG Farben held the patent, was manufactured by Degesch (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Schädlingsbekämpfung), which IG Farben had 42.2 percent (in shares) of and which had IG managers in its Managing Committee. Of the 24 directors of IG Farben indicted in the so-called IG Farben Trial (1947-1948) before a U.S. military tribunal at the subsequent Nuremberg Trials, 13 were sentenced to prison terms between 1½ and eight years.

-https://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sociopolitica/sociopol_igfarben08.htm

IBM

Hitler awarded prestigious decorations to Thomas J. Watson, IBM’s chief executive officer. Its German subsidiary, with the support of the American company, helped the Nazi government with a punch-card mechanism for identifying Jews, Gypsies, and other ‘undesirables,’ thus making it possible to destroy that population in Germany and the occupied countries. Each concentration camp kept tabs on inmates using IBM’s technology; IBM trained SS personnel in how to use their machines to record the movement, sorting, and mass execution within the death camps. Without this technology, the camps could never have achieved their horrendous numbers, and the Final Solution would not have been as final.

https://jewishcurrents.org/doing-business-with-hitler


There’s also a book on the subject called IBM and the holocaust

Following the rise of Hitler to power, Teagle and Hermann Schmitz jointly gave a special assignment to Ivy Lee, the notorious New York publicity man, who had for some years worked for the Rockefellers. They engaged Lee for the specific purpose of economic espionage. He was to supply I.G. Farben, and through it the Nazi government, with intelligence on the American reaction to such matters as the German armament program, Germany's treatment of the Church, and the organization of the Gestapo. He was also to keep the American public bamboozled by papering over the more evil aspects of Hitler's regime. For this, Lee was paid first $3,000 then $4,000 annually, the money paid to him through the Bank for International Settlements in the name of I.G. Chemie. The contract was for obvious reasons kept oral and the money was transferred in cash. No entries were made in the books of the employing companies or in those of Ivy Lee himself. After a short period Lee's salary was increased to $25,000 per year and he began distributing inflammatory Nazi propaganda in the United States on behalf of I.G. Farben, including virulent attacks on the Jews and the Versailles Treaty.

–TRADING WITH THE ENEMY: An Exposé of The Nazi-American Money-Plot 1933-1949

http://www.whale.to/b/higham_b.html


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I already believe 80% the population will die from climate change and the rest will be enslaved by clankkkers, I just need some certainty.

　　 ＿＿
　 ／ ∧ ヽ
　(zzｲ＠>zz)　ｉ
　/ ﾉﾙﾊﾉﾘﾉﾉ　 ハ
　ﾙlﾘﾟヮﾟﾉﾘ　(_ﾉ
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　 < /§|〉
　　`tｧtｧ′
1 post and 1 image reply omitted.

>>26120
jimmie dore read the epstein files and he had a break down. he realised revolution and change is not possible because the bourgeoise is too powerful.

>>26142
Bro you're on /edu/ right now. Have some respect.

>>26120
If you want to be a nihilist doomer you can go over to pol.

You want to be blackpilled?

you’ve wasted your life trying to be edgy online and people you meet can smell it wafting off you because being too online socially stunts you

Moved to >>>/siberia/804598.


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Glushkov, Kantorovich, OGAS, Cockshot, Cybersyn etc.

[Spoiler]meow. meow. meow. meow. meow. meow.meow. meow. meow.meow. meow. meow.[/spoiler]

Damn I fucked the spoiler

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Im a fucking idiot so all my knowledge about cybernetics comes from this article https://mltheory.wordpress.com/2022/04/12/cybernetics-in-the-ussr-a-marxist-leninist-perspective/


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I'm interested in learning more about these new zoomer nazi groups so I can help my students be ideologically prepared to encounter them. What are some good books on atomwaffen/764/seige etc?

>>26066
>>26066
Thanks for the article and book!
Very appreciated 🙂

I don't know about other books
but here are good articles about attomwaffen and its external connections:
Good luck with your students

>>26066
I forgot to add that attomwaffen dissolved in 2024 and that the unicorn riot article was withdrawn so be cautious when using it.
I apologize for the error.


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Finishing crisis to communization and i find it interesting, though I'd like to get into the more specific details and theory of communisation. Good books on it?

>>24465
Read the Eclipse and Re-Emergence of the Communist Movement, his second book?
Apparently he said that Marx was wrong, is that true? Kinda put me off reading it.

>>24465
Here's some articles by other communizers I personally like or find important in order to understand what the theory defends:
https://www.sicjournal.org/what-is-communisation/
https://www.sicjournal.org/the-suspended-step-of-communisation/index.html
https://www.sicjournal.org/communist-measures-2/index.html
https://illwill.com/theory-of-the-party
https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/endnotes-journal-1

I've also read Eclipse and Re-Emergence and it certainly is an interesting work. Its the book that got me into communization theory in the first place. I like Dauvé's critique against trade unions but don't like his Bordigisr conception around the party, i.e. the so called "historical party."


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Which tendencies of ML (there has to be at least one) uphold the pre-Dimitrov, R. Palme Dutt -esque, 1920s COMINTERN (multiple congresses) consensus on the United Front tactic, as opposed to the Popular Front (in my analysis) error?

After finally reading some of Hoxha's works I was greatly disappointed to find that he doesn't even have the integrity to acknowledge Stalin's flip flop from completely contradictory tactics, pretending like the Popular Front is the only thing there ever was and is correct without no need to explain further.

the Chinese revolution being the result of a mix of directives, and ending up in a partially synthesized United + Popular Front, at least leads to some interesting (but ultimately non-conclusive imo) discourse in some Maoist circles on the topic.

Then there's the funny thing about people thinking Bordigist leftcoms are odd for supporting the United Front from Below, or that it's an ultraleft tactic entirely. Meanwhile the fact is that it's the instance where leftcoms get as Leninist, sharing position with Stalin-era CPSU, as they can get.

TL;DR: If Dengists, Khrushchevites and Hoxhaists aren't United Front from Below stans, which MLs are? Non-answer is unacceptable and will require you to do 10 jumping jacks on a floor I multiple bags of pebbles on
3 posts omitted.

<Bump European lunchtime, 1st of may.

I'll bump every day at different timezones until proper replies have been made. I'm not really asking for much with the question in the OP of this thread. It should be answerable for an estimated 1/10th of the userbase of the site. I'll assume they just haven't seen it.

<Bump US lunchtime, 2nd of may.

<Bumping lunchtime, east-asia, 6th of may

Tbf Kotkin recently said that Stalin was always against the popular front idea but retards like Thorez, Togliatti and obv Dimitrov convinced both the Comintern and the party itself. Its so funny how people were also still listening to Kun after doing the same pop front bullshit with Hungarian Soc-Dems

Maybe try looking at the German left, in the 20s social democrats of the Kautsky variety allied with KPD and formed the VKPD with a former Spartcist Paul Levi at the helm. These guys actually partook in the failed and I think adventurous insurrection in Middle Germany alongside KAPD(march action)

I think what you are looking for is the Marxist-Leninist pole organizing around the European Communist Action/International Communist Review. Those parties affiliated have truly made leaps in an honest and sober historical/doctrinal review of the communist movement without the baggage of dogmatism and negationism of the communist movement's path. I'll attach two articles I hope you find interesting:
https://www.iccr.gr/en/issue_article/Contemporary-conclusions-from-the-imperialist-Second-World-War/

https://www.komep.gr/m-article/O-OPORTOYNISMOS-STO-ENIAIO-METOPO-ENANTIA-STO-FASISMO-OI-DIETINEIS-PIGES-TOY/


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