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'The weapon of criticism cannot, of course, replace criticism of the weapon, material force must be overthrown by material force; but theory also becomes a material force as soon as it has gripped the masses.' - Karl Marx
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File: 1733604185322.jpg (17.21 KB, 480x360, hqdefault.jpg)

 

What the fuck are they? Every time a Marxist attempts to explain them it's like a Haskell programmer attempting to explain Monads.
138 posts and 30 image replies omitted.

>>23090
anybody who first interacts with communism from a philosophical angle is automatically on pseud watch. so many morons think the world unfolds according to hegels logic and that marx merely added a materialist spin, a view that would put marx alongside religious midwits and philosophical charlatans

>>25262
What in God's name is this autistic take? Oh nvm it's glownonymous with the usual nonsense.

>>25264
The real tell that someone is a midwit, through and through, by the way, is aversion to philosophy.

Outmoded pseudoscience that was discredited as unscientific pig swill over a century ago, yet ideologues and poseurs continue to talk about dialectics in the year 2025 because they think being a leftist means accepting everything Marx and Engels ever wrote as irrefutable gospel truth.

>>25271
Ah yes let me just apply Marxism without dialectics
Let me just brush my bald head
Let me just run this marathon without my legs
etc.
Calling it 'pseudoscience', when it never existed as an object of scientific enquiry, but instead as a method, instantly exposes that you don't know what you're talking about.



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Going through historical records over what actually happened in most wars (both recent and ancient) is making me frustrated over how insultingly weak, passive aggressive, incompetent, and cowardly the vast majority of people and men in general are. Apparently something like 80%+ of all pre gunpowder age battles revolved entirely around intimidating the opponent and only attacking once the enemy was fleeing and had their backs exposed. If that shit wasn’t dishonourable enough, some armours including Persian helmets or Viking berserker armour were specifically designed to make Persians appear taller and Vikings more scrappy to deter opponents rather than anything rooted in battlefield function. The same could be said about most ornamented armour which only tells me that nearly every motherfucker in history have spent generations dicksucking themselves off with meaningless trophies and amateur displays of strength before running and freaking out the moment actual battles occur. In terms of actual fighting, if it wasn’t against already surrendering fleeing opponents, civilian casualties—especially against unarmed, weakened, and defensless civilians—were usually the most common targets of both conquerors and pre socialist revolutionaries effectively rendering any actual fights between warriors as almost nonexistent in preindustrial warfare.

If that cowardly and weak shit isn’t dishonourable enough, just look at the shit going on after the introduction of gunpowder.

Mass casualties among soldiers due to exposure to disease, self inflicted psychological trauma, and tripping related accidents from the napoleonic era to the world wars; reliance on the threat (not the use) of WMDs (of course against defensless civilians because who would approach their opponents up close) to win wars; military leaders somehow getting even weaker and more disconnected from their soldiers as military sophistication improved; the list of things you can make fun of just keep going on.

Vietnam against France was probably the only time where things improved a bit with how easy it was to respect soldiers. It was by this point where stress inoculation as a concept was introduced to military training which meant you had soldiers fighting the way you’d initially imagine against armed and readied opponents instead of picking fights with literal children and adults on the brink of starvation. Does this mean that all wars afterwards suddenly became way more honorablePost too long. Click here to view the full text.
21 posts and 4 image replies omitted.

>humans are
bruh you're one of them
>irritatingly weak
and you're easily irritated, which is a form of weakness, overcome it, "human"

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>>24987
>The same could be said about most ornamented armour which only tells me that nearly every motherfucker in history have spent generations dicksucking themselves off with meaningless trophies and amateur displays of strength
to think that we could have decorated ourselves to be brighter, prettier and more aesthetically pleasing like picrel instead of the unnatural abomination you describe…

People tend to have a very romanticized view of war and imperialism and history, they picture two armies fighting on the battlefield with buglers and flags and all the rest of it. The reality is more like bands of marauders descending on towns and village and slaughtering defenseless civilians, burning their homes, stealing everything they own, violating their women, shooting their children and livestock for fun, etc.

Not just humans, all mammals fight this way. Ever seen two cats go at it? First they scream at each other and try to intimidate, and usually attack when one of them starts to run away.

>>24987
>Humans have a fear of death, and are by and large empathetic enough to not want to inflict it on others
>these cowards have not even used their WMD
>This is a bad thing somehow



 

ITT post information about the history and anthropology of the New World. A lot of new anthropological work has been done in this field in recent decades that has not yet entered public consciousness.
165 posts and 223 image replies omitted.

>>25211
wrong.
current genetic evidence shows all native groups to be descended from ancestral native americans arriving between 20-14kya after which the population branched into ancestral northern native americans that populate canada and the northern united states and ancestral southern native americans that populated the rest of north america and south america.
two subsequent waves brough na-dene and then eskaleut peoples to north america but these peoples themselves just like remaining paleo-siberians such as the chuckchi descend from the same mixing of ane and ancient east asian that gave rise to the initial ancestral native american population.

New ArchaeoEd video. The topic is the Ancestral Pueblo.


New Ancient Americas video discussing the Eastern Agriculture Complex ie that time the ancestors of Mississippians developed agriculture independently of Mesoamerica and the Andes but later most of these agricultural crops were replaced by Mesoamerican imports, including the king of crops, maize.

>>25250
I think it's interesting to see how a region of the world could develop agriculture but not "progress" into high civilization like Mesoamerica or the Andes.
Could the crops have something to do with it? Were they not as efficient or nutritious as stuff like maize, amaranth, quinoa or potatoes?
The intensification of maize agriculture into the eastern woodlands seems to coincide with the development of Mississippian civilization. Could they have been on their way to develop as much as Mesoamerica and the Andes when Europeans came? That would've been pretty interesting since the area is quite large and has vert navigable rivers. Would there have been eventual direct contact with Mesoamerica? So many lost possibilities.



 

Western philosophy has always been sort of clunky and clumsy when it comes to explaining the dynamics of complex chaotic systems like the universe and societies and markets. Marx takes the standard 19th century linear causality Western approach to understanding how anything works - he tries to break down markets into a set of basic fundamental forces and laws operating at the microcosm which you can examine to control and predict what will happen at the macrocosm.

The problem with this is, there is no linear causality in an emergent system; instead there is recursive duality. You have a bunch of individual elements interacting with each other to generate the emergent system, and the emergent system in turn influences the behaviors of the individual elements. So any major change you try to forcibly introduce will create a feedback loop, often with very unpredictable and chaotic results. How do you affect any desired change in a system like this?

The ancient Taoist principle of wu-wei is an interesting way of understanding how to navigate emergent systems. Wu-wei means "effortless action" or "action through inaction" and it is a concept that is difficult to clearly define. It doesn't mean to "do nothing", it means to never force anything, to not try to control and plan everything, to be fluid and dynamic and in tune with the world so that you can do exactly the right thing in the right moment, to swim with the currents and use them rather than fight them, etc. It would be interesting to think about how to apply a principle like this to markets and what kind of effect that might have.

I've heard there have been obscure sects of Eastern Anarchism in China, Japan, Korea, etc. which apply Tao principles to markets and society and things like that, but I haven't been able to find much information about it.
2 posts and 1 image reply omitted.

This is not the problem you think it is. Philosophy expounded on causality and time in ancient times. It is a thoroughly modern doctrine that makes these idiotic koans about "historical progress" as a blind force. History never worked that way.

Main difference with European/Christian philosophy is that Law and the state were described exhaustively, whereas for the rest of the world, rulers didn't make any pretenses that their rule was about justice or order or anything necessarily good or reasonable. If you think English common law is arbitrary and dumb, get a load of the laws most of humanity followed. The point of describing the state exhaustively was precisely to work against the conceit that there was anything mystical about the state's laws, whereas for most of the world, this concept of the state and the conspiracy around it didn't exist in the first place. It was expected by most of humanity that the state and those who ran it would be awful and bring nothing good whatsoever, and the idea that it could be different never got anywhere. The state societies of Europe were far more given over to conspiracy and habitual lying.

It might be interesting to you to learn that "lassiez-faire" as described by the French physiocrats was lifted directly from Taoism and Chinese political thought; that was how they were translating the concept of wu wei. I always found it funny that the most despotic economic thought was somehow "liberal" and came to be associated with democracy.

>>25243

With China being a dynastic society for thousands of years, pretty much its entire history, the totalitarian state was always treated as a universal fact of life, that's the only kind of society people in ancient China ever knew, there was nothing else. The Tao Te Ching delves quite a bit into politics and how to run a society, but it does so entirely through the lens of a dynastic society ruled by an autocratic ruler, making the case for a benevolent passive dictator who rules by not ruling, applying the principle of wu-wei to a monarchy.

I feel like Western philosophy had its own primordial elements which had a lot in common with Eastern philosophy. The East had Taoism and Confucianism as the two original opposing yet complimentary philosophies which inspired everything that came after while The West had Plato and Aristotle. I think Aristotle's view of the world became the much more dominant force in Western thought over the years.

I didn't know about the thing with French economists applying wu-wei to capitalism, it's funny how ideas can be so open to interpretation.

>>25244
Quesnay who was the French physiocrat writer was really big into Chinese history and wrote a book about Chinese despotism (remember that at this time the ruling idea of France is enlightened despotism where the King had centralized a lot of things and emphasized his absolute authority over the state). The physiocrats write slightly before Adam Smith, and Smith specifically rejected the physiocrats after giving them a treatment in Wealth of Nations. It should say something that "lassiez faire" was never what the British promoted in the way that was assumed. The British Empire would from time to time interfere in political matters to rejigger this new thing, "free trade", and if you look at the actions of the East India Company they are running whole countries like a business, rather than operating as "regular rulers". Corporate government, in one way or another, is obsessed with control over the levers of management. There is nothing in Adam Smith that suggests that "state capitalism" can't be a thing. The important thing in Adam Smith is this moral philosophy where everyone is expected to be a rational actor and educated to conform to that if the society is to work, and it is implied that the class of university graduates had a super-authority over the entire arrangement and a rightful lock on positions in government, since they were more committed to the Empire and long-term thinking than typical businessmen.

For the physiocrats the rationale for "lassiez-faire" was not about a belief that this would optimize efficiency or create the most moral society. Quesnay openly states that if people starve, then this is just the natural order, likening the economy to a biological system. This is really important and often forgotten in the discourse, because Quesnay is the first place I've seen that description of an economic system (not that it was called a "system" at the time). Ibn Khaldun way back in the middle ages suggested that the history of states and empires could be likened to the lifecycle of an organism, but this was a statement about politics and had nothing to do with economics, which remained the affair of individuals (which is a roundabout way by which it entered later political economy, and when you think about the status of merchants in Islam and Islamic law it makes a lot more sense).

>>25239
I recognize your writing style. Why'd you stop posting with the quasi-ironic nazi flag?

>>25246
>The important thing in Adam Smith is this moral philosophy where everyone is expected to be a rational actor and educated to conform to that if the society is to work
what? adam smith promotes self-interest of the citizenry (the so-called "invisible hand"; a humean principle of "sympathy" as opposed to the more vulgar "private vices, public virtues" of mandeville). at the conclusion of book 1 of the wealth of nations he speaks on how self-interest also has its class character however, and so shows that what is promoted by capitalists is harmful to society, since it subsumes one's interest as that of another, while what is in the interest of the worker or landlord is good for society (since as he writes, wages and rents rise with prosperity and productivity, while profit rises in antagonism to these two). thus he concludes:
<But the rate of profit does not, like rent and wages, rise with the prosperity and fall with the declension of the society. On the contrary, it is naturally low in rich and high in poor countries, and it is always highest in the countries which are going fastest to ruin. The interest of this third order, therefore, has not the same connection with the general interest of the society as that of the other two […] It is by this superior knowledge of their own interest that they have frequently imposed upon his generosity, and persuaded him to give up both his own interest and that of the public, from a very simple but honest conviction that their interest, and not his, was the interest of the public. The interest of the dealers, however, in any particular branch of trade or manufactures, is always in some respects different from, and even opposite to, that of the public. To widen the market and to narrow the competition, is always the interest of the dealers. To widen the market may frequently be agreeable enough to the interest of the public; but to narrow the competition must always be against it, and can serve only to enable the dealers, by raising their profits above what they naturally would be, to levy, for their own benefit, an absurd tax upon the rest of their fellow-citizens.
https://www.marxists.org/reference/arPost too long. Click here to view the full text.



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I have recently started an economics degree but haven’t studied maths since high school, are there any good resources for improving my maths abilities/knowledge? Ideally if its econ related

(Yes i know theres a maths thread but that seems far more advanced than what i need)
2 posts omitted.

you don't need maths for economics just make shit up like economists do

>>25227
give an example of what economists have "made up"

>>25228
economics

>>25232
🙄😮‍💨

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Study the properties and theory of these in the following order:
>fractions
>percentages
>potentiation
>roots
>first degree equations
>notable products
>polynomial equations, bhaskara
>functions (VERY important)
>matrix operations
>combinatorial analysis
>simple and compound interest
>arithmetic and geometric progression
>summation notation
Each of these takes from one day to one or two weeks (in the case of functions). You're expected to do a buttload of exercises. You will only learn by spamming exercises. Make a habit out of it, while you listen to music or whatever. Preferably with pencil and paper.
Post too long. Click here to view the full text.



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jnsdkafnksddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddss

>>24641
stroke



 

Holy shit if you actually read these guys they're straight-up ancaps and fascists. They're all small-government nationalists obsessed with life, liberty and private property. They already do the whole Schmittian state of exception thing with the state of war. And they're okay with slavery as long as its against the ignorant or its a state of war. Basically, the worst kind of dark satanic mill shit. Like Mill wants to freely sell alcohol and then put drunkards in labor camps. Nietzsche and nihilism are irrelevant, the fascists are straight-up copies of Locke and Mill. And to be honest, the Liberals do that really long-winded and dull prose that fascists do as well.

- "Two Treatises of Government" by John Locke https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/john-locke/two-treatises-of-government
- "On Liberty" by John Stuart Mill https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/john-stuart-mill/on-liberty
1 post omitted.

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>>25164
"Liberalism: A Counter-History" by Domenico Losurdo is good on this stuff.

>>25165
BORING EUGENICS KUN MISANTHROPIC MENTALLY ILL PROSELYTIZATION #999999

>>25170
So is Voltaire's Bastards

>if you read locke (1690) he's a schmittian fascist (1932) AND an ancap (1963)
it seems that history means nothing to you.

Nietzsche is for the failsons specifically



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>Historical events, states and peoples with cool names
'The expedition of the thousand', 'Triarchy of Negroponte', 'The Battle of the Crater' and 'The Boxer rebellion'
43 posts and 9 image replies omitted.


Heresiarch or Arch-Heretic

The Field of Blood

>>21647

redditor

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File: 1759924210936-1.png (1.01 MB, 777x871, ClipboardImage.png)

His Excellency, President for Life, Field Marshal Al Hadji Doctor Idi Amin Dada, VC, DSO, MC, CBE, Lord of All the Beasts of the Earth and Fishes of the Seas and Conqueror of the British Empire in Africa in General and Uganda in Particular



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If there are an infinite number of natural numbers, and an infinite number of fractions in between any two natural numbers, and an infinite number of fractions in between any two of those fractions, and an infinite number of fractions in between any two of those fractions, and an infinite number of fractions in between any two of those fractions, and… then that must mean that there are not only infinite infinities, but an infinite number of those infinities. and an infinite number of those infinities. and an infinite number of those infinities. and an infinite number of those infinities, and… (infinitely times. and that infinitely times. and that infinitely times. and that infinitely times. and that infinitely times. and…) continues forever. and that continues forever. and that continues forever. and that continues forever. and that continues forever. and…..(…)…
4 posts omitted.

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>>25182
Not necessarily. Infinity could exist if modal realism is true.

https://reducing-suffering.org/believe-infinity/

>>25189
infinity doesnt exist
zero doesnt exist

now you can sleep at night

>Tao can be talked about, but not the Eternal Tao.
>Names can be named, but not the Eternal Name.

The most fundamental thing that the human mind can conceive of is the duality, the distinction between two discrete things, e.g. zero and one, existence and non-existence, is and is not. Somewhere between "is" and "is not" is one fundamental absolute truth that is infinite and omnipresent and immutable and unknowable and can never be described or understood, it is the line that you can get closer to but you can never touch.

>>25197
it cant be spoken about because it doesnt exist.
its an illusion; a hallucination.

>>25201

>it cant be spoken about because it doesnt exist.


And it also can't be spoken about because it's the *only* thing that exists. Are you beginning to (not) understand?



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Why isn't this being talked about? Grover Furr is back at it again with a new surgical dismantling of the Anti-Stalin Paradigm. With newfound clearcut evidence, the lifelong Trotskyite Khristian Rakovsky is revealed to be a spy for Imperial Japan, with the enthusiastic support of Mr. Davidovich Trotsky himself.
>This study concludes that, on the evidence, there can be no doubt of Rakovsky’s guilt in serving as Trotsky’s agent in Japan and in espionage for Japan against the Soviet Union, and no doubt of Trotsky’s guilt as well. It also examines statements by Trotsky that he could only have made if he knew about Rakovsky’s recruitment by Japanese leaders as a Trotskyite spy.
Thus the Moscow Trials, dismissed without any evidence, are only given further support when honestly analyzed.

File: 1759178761082.png (175.6 KB, 815x666, ClipboardImage.png)

Meanwhile: What do our "Left" publishers like Verso push? Apologist slop! Shame on Verso.

The american chauvinists here look down on Furr.

>trotsky japanese spy
damn so trostky was anti imperialist multipolarista in the end, i officially apologize to the fourth inyernational

Furr's autistic dedication to digging through the archives and deboonking Cold War lies is impressive

Christian Rakovsky was indeed a spy. A spy of international jewish cabal. Read Red Symphony



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