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/edu/ - Education

'The weapon of criticism cannot, of course, replace criticism of the weapon, material force must be overthrown by material force; but theory also becomes a material force as soon as it has gripped the masses.' - Karl Marx
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File: 1652131463346.jpg (602.39 KB, 814x994, 1651315463397893291.jpg)

 

I've been wondering recently: the people who own nothing and produce nothing are the lumpenproletariat, and that includes hobos and criminals. However, organized criminals have bosses who take part of their gains, same as a capitalist takes a wage laborer's surplus value. Can thus mafia bosses and drug kingpins be called a "lumpenbourgeoisie", a specific type of bourgeois that takes the surplus value of illegal or extractive activities? I've seen the term applied to compradors. Also, Mike Hudson comes to mind - he claims the primary contradiction of modern capitalism is not between labor and capital, but the FIRE sector and everyone else, arguing that this industry produces no real physical value and just seeks rents off moving numbers around - could this also fall under the same umbrella?
7 posts omitted.

>>10725
Isn't that what that "In the name of the people" Chinese show is about?

>>10726
In a country with a Marxist government. When it comes to the West these people are only used as an excuse to handwave capitalism's systemic issues away ("crony capitalism") without real malice, unlike what we see towards people in the ghetto selling drugs.

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Organized crime is actually a lot more of a tribal concept. The name families aren't just for show, it comes from the origins of the Italian mob, The Italian mafia basically grew out of a culture where feudalism ended but the need for it in their culture did not. The people in the outlying regions were used to going to an authority figure to pass judgments for their disputes and protect them from bandits or whatever, and the new government was weak and inefficient. Some places would only have the authorities visit as often as once a month to pick up prisoners to take them away for trial. So you ended up with a bunch of guys that, for one reason or another, ended up being the de facto 'Lord' of their area: the one everyone came to with their problems. Because the people knew how that system worked, and democracy was at best a theory to them. So you had this power and authority structure that grew up in the shadow of the legal, official government.
So at its heart, whether or not it was ever true in practice, the idea of the mafioso was built around them being a respected individual at the head of the community. That's where the idea of mafia guys being 'classy' came from, when filtered through American culture by Italian immigrants and other past and present organized crime groups are also built around the concept. They aren't just groups of guys banding together but actual relatives. The mob boss isn't just a nebulous force, he could be your father's second cousin, someone your grandmother babysat.

>>10559
I liked Valencia's "Gore Capitalism". IMO professional criminals are part of the PMC. Organized crime is the same kind of gore work as done by cops, soldiers and security guards. So really professional criminals are a kind of class traitor.

Organized crime actually works a lot like a cult. What class is Alex Jones? Organized crime is more like religion, conspiracy, multilevel marketing and pickup artist stuff.



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Since /leftypol/ is downright autistic at times I decided to make a Debunk thread where anticommunist arguments are presented with their debunks by users.
117 posts and 40 image replies omitted.

>>22249
>"Muh evul Stalin dropped le marxism" strawman #43251
Read a book or go back, liberal
>Dialectical and Historical Materialism: https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1938/09.htm


>>22272
>Trotsky.
loser cope

File: 1717981829459.png (44.83 KB, 400x273, Trotsky wojak fag.png)

>>22272
>ad hom
>trotsky
typical.

>>22275
rotsky ok



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I live in the third world, there is relative lawlessness in the country as the central authority is weak and there exist many bourgeois militias.

The left has been virtually dead for decades and all what the current "leftist" parties care about is electoralism.

Me and my comrades are looking to fill this vacuum and start a revolutionary movement that cares less about electoralism and more about winning the direct support of the people while pursuing revolutionary change. Having an armed wing is essential as we will no doubt be under attack by reactionary militias but we also want to be close to the people and win their support before beginning a full on armed struggle.

I personally have no experience with organising or the military. So I'm looking for resources that can aid me with this. Especially the financial aspect.

Please share as much as you can everything from movement building to cyber security, including the classics.

Thanks comrades
1 post and 3 image replies omitted.

>>22255
You should not say that you are "for real", since it applies fed posting, you know…

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>>22279
Are these strategically valid in the modern world though ?
I mean you have to fight against way different things when encountering a modern military tech, things that would be unfathomable back when these were written? something more modern perhaps ?

>>22281
yes. true. i don't have any.
the guerilla will always be outmatched in tech and weapons, and that doesn't matter. read them and you will understand.

Read up about insurgency and, more specifically as most militaries have manuals online for it, counter-insurgency and unconventional (or asymmetric) warfare.

Also consider the classics; Tsun Tzu and Cao Cao, Napoleon, Xenophon, that indian and arabic dude, Julius Caesar, von Clavowitz, etc.

>>22281
this is for the modern revolutionary millitary theorists to ponder.
i'd say the advent of 3d tech and communication, as well as ai has opened a new way for asymetric warfare.
as long as we don't fall for the meme of millitary traditionalism we will be fine.



 

So did the Thermidorian reactionaries make up all the crazy shit about Robespierre, or is it mostly true? I find stuff like the festival of the supreme being where he descended from a mountain to give a speech particularly batshit and theatrical and farfetched.

I regularly hear from people on here that stories of revolutionary atrocities are outlandish lies or exaggerations fabricated by reactionaries to make themselves seem better in comparison. Why wouldn't that be true of the French Revolution? Was Robespierre really a megalomaniac, or did the Thermidorians make all that shit up after they won, and that's what got passed down to us through counter-revolutionary academia?
31 posts and 6 image replies omitted.

>>18406
if they were trying to shoot his jaw off, instead of him failing to kill himself, why did they bother arresting and executing him? instead of to load the gun with another bullet and shoot him again? He was mostly unconscious for an entire day after the failed suicide. There was plenty of opportunity to kill him as intended, right? Unless you concede that a show trial was their aim all along and Robespierre was trying to deprive them of this by killing himself.

>>18391
hebertists were ultras

>>21699
they know you were right which is why they never replied

>>21699
We will never know. However, there is one interesting clue that can also go either way, which is his signature was incomplete on the order to summon the national guard. Suggesting he was interrupted during the process. It's less likely they literally shot him, and more likely a struggled occurred resulting in a misfire.

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>>22287
I forgot some details. There is a stain on the document that historians continue to debate being blood or smudged ink. Some think it is blood due to position, supporting the idea Robespierre was shot as he signed it. The signature is interesting as well, as its one of two documents that Robespierre's signature is different. The other being the order of arrest for Danton. In that case it is very small, and I've read pure speculation this might have been an expression of discomfort on his part with being responsible for Danton's death.

His last speeches also were directly referential to that he would not kill himself and the Cult of the Supreme being's coronation reads like a eulogy. Robespierre seeing himself as already dead would fit with his guiding philosophy regarding revolution.

There is supporting evidence for attempted suicide as well. Besides the fact the little pygmy couldn't use a gun, Robespierre did not want to sign the order. It is documented when asked to call in the National Guard to save the Jacobins, he hesitated because putting his name on the document would be a betrayal of his own revolution. Specifically when asked who should sign, Robespierre replied: "The People."

But then it's also worth taking into account the state of the headquarters. Couthon was thrown down the stairs in the Jacobin Headquarters. Only Saint-Just avoided being physically injured during their arrest. Pic related is worth a read for a play by play unless you know French.



File: 1641518209587.png (Spoiler Image,801.25 KB, 468x660, ClipboardImage.png)

 

ITT: resources and tips about navigating the Internet and researching topics

Feel free to post your own resources and tips too.

I'm going to post a lot of my own that I have gathered over the years.
I ask that random chit-chat in this thread is kept to a minimum except regarding technical questions & answers on the topic matter.
This is so that resources are kept as compact as possible, and so, readable.

First I'll dump resources and tips for researching various topics.
Note: I don't even have access to or use some of these myself (e.g. LexisNexis which seems to be pay-to-use), but I figure they could be helpful in some narrow cases. I use most of these myself. If the initial things I post don't interest you, keep reading anyway. I'm going to be dumping a lot of content.

PressReader
https://www.pressreader.com/
Find key terms in newspapers and magazines.
I would say this is more helpful for finding sources that do exist rather than for reading them, per se. You can try to read the articles elsewhere than PressReader if you know their titles or part of their body text. The site appears to brand itself as pay-to-use, however you can use the search tool anyway and even read some resulting articles.
Post too long. Click here to view the full text.
119 posts and 17 image replies omitted.

>>21640
Currently reading this. This book is terrifying, amazing and probably the most important thing you can currently read.

Guide To English Pornstars: The Intermediate Guide To English Pornstars
English Pornstars

Looking for Michael Hudson's book, "Privatization and the Ancient Near East". Not on Anna's, anyone have it? Tysm

Does anyone got the book "Anarchism, Organization and Management: Critical Perspectives for Students" pdf?

>>22276 (me)
Found a book that is quite close to that, did someone already read it? It looks exactly like what i was looking for:
"ephemera: theory & politics in organization management business anarchism"

https://ephemerajournal.org/sites/default/files/2022-01/14-4ephemera-nov14.pdf



 

ITT post information about the history and anthropology of the New World. A lot of new anthropological work has been done in this field in recent decades that has not yet entered public consciousness.
105 posts and 131 image replies omitted.

>>21836
please don't go off the rails with this stuff and keep it to things that are substantiated. there's a Hancock thread for more open speculation about the topic >>>/hobby/36674

>However, mainstream scholars remain skeptical, and they do not see the results of these tests as proof of ancient contact between Africa and the Americas, especially because there may be possible Old World sources of cocaine and nicotine

>Two attempts to replicate Balabanova's findings of cocaine failed, suggesting "that either Balabanova and her associates are misinterpreting their results or that the samples of mummies tested by them have been mysteriously exposed to cocaine".
>a study in the journal Antiquity suggested that reports of both tobacco and cocaine in mummies "ignored their post-excavation histories" and pointed out that the mummy of Ramesses II had been moved five times between 1883 and 1975.
It's a very interesting line of evidence and while this seems like a pretty implausible explanation, there isn't as significant a body of evidence or an assurance of the evidence's legitimacy as seen here >>21814

However, the evidence of contact between South America and Rapa Nui does lend a lot of credence to the possibility of contact elsewhere and suggests more research should be done in that direction.

File: 1712080043540.png (395.16 KB, 540x414, 9.png)

>>21837
>>However, mainstream scholars
stopped reading there

>>21836
Werent these mummies previously displayed openly in a museum at a time when people were smoking inside?

>>21929
And probably openly doing cocaine too lol

More Mayan artifacts



File: 1716969699383-0.jpg (151.85 KB, 735x1164, 2011ET3700 (1).jpg)

File: 1716969699383-3.jpg (305.82 KB, 1015x2174, 774.jpg)

 

What decent books are there about the Dhofar War, and southern Arabian (Yemeni & Omani) socialist experiments? All I can find are articles.

It's a shame that such fascinating historical movements that brought Arab and Iranian leftists together against their reactionary regimes, are virtually unknown.

Socialism in Arab countries was always a branding thing. A lot of Arab socialists were borderline fascists especially Nasserists and Ba'athists. At one time, the Shah of Iran portrayed himself as a socialist implementing a revolution in his country. There was always a fringe within right wing Arabist movements that had an interest in Marxism and that's how you get groups like the PFLP which split off right wing Arabist groups to pursue a Marxist line but kept ethnonationalist Arabist ideals and pro-Nasser or pro-Syria/Iraq stance and anti-monarchist bent. Some of the Omani groups were the same and effectively became proxies of regional powers.

>>22225
post a book rec on this tho, I'm not OP but I've had exactly the same interest ever since reading Red Star Over Iraq by Johann Franzen.

>>22225
That's cool except South Yemen was actually socialist not just nominally and it clashed with Arab nationalists as well.



 

Was the Meiji restoration and "restoring power to the emperor" a good or bad thing in 18th century Japan for the peasants? It marked the upper class revolution that caused the samurai feudal system to transition into a capitalist system. (Which ultimately turned into a racist imperialist empire that tried to invade and oppress all of its neighbors in Asia in a sort of fascist system, and as Japan lost the war the people starved and suffered greatly.)

I just found this photograph btw. Samurai didn't look nearly as impressive as I thought they would, and that hairdo is "objectively ugly."

There were a lot of peasant revolutions/movements that tried to go against the samurai but they all ultimately failed so no one except historians talk about them. Unfortunately too, the people who study Japanese history appear to be mostly weebs who romanticize the samurai so much that you never get to hear about the peasents' movements.
190 posts and 53 image replies omitted.

>>8665
Good video on Chonmage as well
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DPoLmHDcoRc
>The Surprising Reasons for Samurai's Strange Hairstyle
>Let's ask Shogo | Your Japanese friend in Kyoto

So how inaccurate is this?
>The Forgotten Story of How British Redcoats Took on Japanese Samurai
>Redcoat History

>>21875
If I remember right, in Musui's Story his dad had him put in a cage for 2 years in their like living room as punishment for being an asshole

>>1931
Any anime in this art style ?

>>22184
I think there is but I don't remember the name of it. I'll ask in >>>/anime/4229



File: 1608528091138.jpg (96.19 KB, 1920x1200, 1589137529016.jpg)

 

The history of space travel. I want all material, factoids, trivia, books on space. From Sputnik to the recent Crew Dragon and further beyond
31 posts and 21 image replies omitted.

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File: 1711388245481-0.png (8.19 MB, 3169x2113, ClipboardImage.png)

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Related slightly to the nuclear thread as well >>20394

This is late news but a month back the US MSM was drumming up hysteria about Russian ICBM capabilities and supposed preparations in the use of space-nuking.
https://southfront.press/beware-of-big-bad-russian-space-nukes/

Russia is developing space nukes… as a response to the US refitting the space shuttle platform as an orbital nuclear launch system for glide vehicles in violation of the outer space treaty, which was a response to Russia developing hypersonics* and the US being unable to compete, which itself was a response to the US unilaterally pulling out of the ABM treaty so they could deploy dual use nuclear capable anti-missiles in Eastern Europe pointed at Russia claiming non-existent Iranian threats as justification to escalate to the current war in Ukraine. The USA is also working on space lasers for early warning and tracking against hypersonics and possibly direct energy anti-missile systems which is why in response china developed and successfully tested their satellite killer missile. The interesting part is that the USSR predicted this as being the end goal of NASA's Space Shuttle program, despite denial from them.

https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/russia-thinks-x-37b-space-plane-could-drop-nuclear-weapons-208369

https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a36521988/russia-says-x-37b-spaceplane-is-secret-space-bomber/

Part of the reason for this hysteria is justified, in the sense that Russia's ballistic missiles of every type are superior to NATO equivalents, with only the aging Trident II SLBM being any actual threat and the LGM-35A Sentinel program being delayed heavily because of costs and mismanagement.
https://topwar.ru/232823-lgm-35a-sentinel-novaya-raketa-starye-problemy.html

HyperPost too long. Click here to view the full text.

File: 1713202146274.png (4.24 MB, 1402x1452, ClipboardImage.png)


The Angara A5 rocket was successfully tested recently. It is the replacement for the Proton-M series of rockets with several serious advantages relative to the older Soviet rockets.

The DPRK jammed a GPS satellite over the Yellow Sea, during operations involving surveillance balloons

https://topwar.ru/243352-kndr-podavljala-signaly-gps-v-zheltom-more-v-hode-naleta-vozdushnyh-sharov-v-juzhnuju-koreju.html



File: 1711306198619.png (891.89 KB, 789x583, ClipboardImage.png)

 

I recently came across a heritage post about a castle in Lebanon built by the Crusaders, It got me curios and I did some digging and I was surprised to learn that pretty much all castles in the MENA countries were either built by the Crusaders or the later Ottomans.
So I have to ask, what gives? The Arabs were a smart people and castles and fortresses are a fairly useful resource for defeating cavalry forces. Even outside large scale war sand politics, in small petty tribal warfare, they would have been incredibly useful, that's why they appeared so much in Europe and why did the Ottomans adopt them more thoroughly then the Arabs.
4 posts and 2 image replies omitted.

>>21798
Then why did the Ottomans build them.

Arabs are plenty capable of building stone forts(they most likely built great Zimbabwe). they just don't build castles that much.

>>21799
did they? i would assume common influence from byzantine architecture that both western europe and the ottoman empire had

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furusiyya
Furūsiyya (فروسية; also transliterated as furūsīyah) is the historical Arabic term for equestrian martial exercise.[1] Furūsiyya “Knighthood” is a martial tradition dating back to pre-Islamic Arabia.[2]
Illustration of a horse's ideal physical traits, 13th century manuscript of the Kitāb al-bayṭara by Aḥmad ibn ʿAtīq al-Azdī.
Late Mamluk / early Ottoman Egyptian horse armour (Egypt, c. 1550; Musée de l'Armée).

The term is a derivation of faras (فرس) "horse", and in Modern Standard Arabic means "equestrianism" in general. The term for "horseman" or "cavalier" ("knight") is fāris (فارس),[3] which is also the origin of the Spanish rank of alférez.[4] The Perso-Arabic term for "Furūsiyya literature" is faras-nāma or asb-nāma.[5] Faras-nāma is also described as a small encyclopedia about horses.[6]

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furusiyya#List_of_Furusiyyah_treatises

>>21799
ottomans loved larping as romans/byzants so that might have had some influnce



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