/edu/ - Education

>>18533
I stand corrected.on Lenin. You yourself state that this is "just one example", however - what are the others? I'm not trying to tear you down or to try to defend Freud's theories, I'm curious to know what classical ("orthodox") Second International Marxism thought about psychiatry.

One interesting thing I found while looking around on Marxists.org was that Karl Kautsky, who was definitely an authority of the Second International era, made a fairly in-depth critique of Freudian theory in his 2,000 page magnum opus The Materialist Conception of History published in 1927. Here's a quote from page 58:

<Truly, the notion is absurd that the nature of primitive man, as he was prior to all culture, could be studied by examining the waste-products of civilization in Professor Freud’s office.

<That is not to say anything against the importance of the Freudian hypotheses for medical science. They may stimulate it in a very fruitful manner. On that question I cannot pass judgment. But the object to which they refer, the unconscious, demands for its study, more than any other, the acutest self-criticism, sobriety, and precision. And it is just this object that most easily tempts one to arbitrary construction, exaggerations, and premature hypotheses. Unfortunately, Freud is very much inclined to such excesses, and many of his disciples have taken over from their master not his genius but his excesses. [Kautsky here quotes two passages from Freud’s Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego, pp. 137, 121, and comments:] When one reads Freud, one could believe that all of man is only an appendage of his genitals. …

<I have repeatedly been called on to incorporate results of psychoanalysis into my conception of history. However, I have not yet found any that would cast a new light on the historical process. 1 therefore sec no reason to move onto this, for the present, at least for me as a layman, still very insecure territory. Should others who are more familiar with the nature of psychoanalysis want to draw upon it for the solution of historical problems, there is no objection to that; only it must be demanded that they understand something not only about psychoanalysis, but also about history and political economy. WithPost too long. Click here to view the full text.

>>13047
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freudo-Marxism

Freudo-Marxism mostly arose as a way to explain fascism. I am critical of the pathology paradigm and the psychocentric reductionism of Freudo-Marxism but there are some valuable insights there.

It's hard to dismiss freud when your enemies are trying to make their breeding fetishes enforced by the state.

>>13047
>and I don't understand why.
They are stuck in 19th century pseudo-science.

(lol sorry for the double post, i had some problems)

>>21561
yo sorry, been a while. so for personal reasons (logistical, not emotional) i havent made any progress on online ordering/online ebook question of whether the book i posted is available as either. There is another (i think) good book about somalia which is this
https://archive.org/details/socialistsomalia00sama i havent read it myself but its sighted by most indepth modern (recent) histories of somalia that ive read that are in english. the general problem with indepth somali social and economic history is that theres mostly jack and shit about it in english and theres somehow even less online in somali too. theres only *1* book i could find about the economy of somalia before Barre's "socialist" coup and its was made like 2021. ill send a link to it tommorow but ive gotta buy since its nearly out of stock

>>21940
Hey, nice and thanks for getting back to me. I will def give it a read when I'm done with some other books

me again, ive bought the book i was reffering to before and jesus christ its big. the author goes into a lot of detail in colonial and post-colonial southern (italian) somalia from after ww2 and ends at the stalinist coup. i will warn that the author intends the book to be read by a somali/muslim so you may have to look up some shit about clans or somali history to get what hes talking about at parts and he also worked for the liberal democracy goverment, the socialist goverment and for the UN's """peace keeping""" tranistional goverement so you may want to be wary of this mfs political POV. he does use sources that havent been used before too, as much as i dislike the guy i still really recommomend the book
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Somalia-History-1941-1969-Mohamed-Trunji/dp/1912411032
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Ca0T0NVRtI

>>22496
Damn boi, thanks again. I will give it a read when I'm done with my current reads.

>>21554
he is a race realist in that he believes races are real, but he doesn't believe that there is a hierarchy of intelligence.

>>21607
Sounds pretty interesting what you are talking about. Can you list some litersture I can get into to get a better understanding of the subject?

>>21614
Paul sackett would be a good start.

>>21357
Not precisely related but look into "Empire of Normal" for how capitalism constructs and exploits the neurodivergent. It goes into detail on how Frances Galton and eugenics influenced psychiatry.

>>21606
>A much better and more radical recommendation would be 'understanding intelligence' by Richardson.
Great read. Thanks for the recommendation.

>>20580
this cunt concern trolls all the time about the "reliability" of obvious fucking things, such as Azov being a neonazi org. he also consistently claims that the hoholdomor was a thing, and a genocide, and claims that there is academic consensus on it, despite evidence to the contrary
for a while the "list of genocides" article had the UN definition of genocide as the list inclusion criteria. when it was pointed out this means the '31-33 famine shouldn't be in it they swiftly changed the list criteria to only require that scholars say it is a genocide
"Michael Z" also called for the deletion of the article on the Yaroslav Hunka affair >>20585

>>22394
/edu/ threads die way slower than leftypol so you might just want to repost that pdf here instead of linking it, since the link might be dead soon. I'll do it later if I feel less lazy

>https://covertactionmagazine.com/2022/11/17/the-gambler/
>The Gambler
Article about Cirillo and who they are

>>22394
>>22454
NTA but here

Always remember that you are reading to have read. Don't even try to understand.

So is just sophistry and aphorisms, not actual valuable insight? No good intro books about it?

Well, continental philosophy starts with German Idealism. But Adorno has some good introductory lectures, and Deleuze wrote a book on Kant.
https://monoskop.org/images/9/9c/Deleuze_Gilles_Kants_Critical_Philosophy_The_Doctrine_of_the_Faculties.pdf

>>22436
Philosophy has always been a diversion for the leisure class, but if you insist then start with le greeks because every westoid sloppa you're planning on reading read them first.

Introduction to dialectical materialism. What is commonly known as essentialist is largely congruent, I think (it's been a long time), with what the autor calls "metaphysical". I wouldn't use that term for it, however I suppose it makes sense in context.

>>22433
Crib sheet for this
https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1938/09.htm

https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/max-stirner-the-unique-and-its-property
/thread

>>22402
The Wretched of the Earth by Frantz Fanon

>>22397
Imperialism in the 21st Century by John Smith

>>22397
Due to what Marxists call historical materialism and dialectical materialism these regions developed a certain way that is rooted in their material circumstances. Capitalism developed first in the West and drove an increase in the productive forces of the West. The West therefore experienced more technological advancement and economic output. Prior to that the West and Africa were similar in technological development. Capitalism eventually led to a push outwards for profit, i.e. they expanded to colonize. Mind you that these regions were not treated the same so they were not affected the same, but I digress. Through colonization they have built a position of power over colonized regions which past the formal end of colonization (1950s to 1980s) was of use to continue to subvert and control other nations for the same reasons as during colonialism; exploitation and profit. This act of imperialism keeps these nations less developed. As for why the level of development differs from nation to nation in these non-Wester regions, colonialism wasn't conducted the same way everywhere and past (the formal end of) colonialism they were not acted upon equally. How they are treated now is going to be a mix of what they can provide to be exploitedand the extent of power the West can exert given the current circumstances.

How the West Underdeveloped Africa is classic that you can start with.

>>22398
>>22399
>>22400
>>22403
>>22404
>>22420
thanks

>>8653
In case Embed dies
>The C-Word – Episode 1 – 1991: The Silent Coup
By BlackFlag India
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T35PuzmTiYo

Recommendations on Post Independence economic history of India.

India's military development is a strange one. They primarily orient themselves towards Russian technology, but in recent times have been trying to develop their own armaments with limited success. The Arjun tank being a clear example of this problem, with poor performance despite excessive spending on it.

Recently India has been courting the idea of production of Stryker 8x8 APCs with licensing and collaboration from the USA but why is unclear. The Stryker's performance is abysmal and its price-tag is staggering, and the USA's position towards India is not at its friendliest so this move is confusing. India has, in the past decades, done dealings with the US military, but this particular instance is strange. The stupidest part is that the Indian government announced its reasoning as a need to replace their BMP-2s… never mind that the BMP-2 is an IFV and significantly superior to the Stryker in every capacity by default. The decision is not finalized yet, especially as the more successful indigenous APC production in India is pushing back on this.

https://topwar.ru/244536-indija-vedet-peregovory-s-ssha-o-zakupke-i-sovmestnom-proizvodstve-bronetransporterov-stryker-8x8.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20240617104119/https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/how-american-stryker-tanks-that-india-is-evaluating-could-be-a-game-changer-for-the-army-13783203.html
https://bulgarianmilitary.com/2023/11/11/indian-afv-production-could-be-derailed-by-the-us-indian-stryker/

>>7482
So, how is the PPW going?

>>22368
https://thered.stream/on-the-frontlines-of-revolution-an-exclusive-interview-with-the-communist-party-of-india-maoist/

they interviewd the CPI Maoist recently

>>15829
Racism is an extension of nationalism. Think of it as a biological nationalism. It's about trying to find a common biological descent that the majority of the population of a nation have (or at least come up with one), and using that to determine who's an outsider. People ultimately believe in it, because it can raise their social standing and get them favors from the "biological majority" bourgeoisie and also because it just ends up becoming a powerful ideology.
>>15840
Did he actually think there was a master race on Mars and Venus?

>>22364
>Racism is an extension of nationalism. Think of it as a biological nationalism.
There is no point in conceiving of it in that manner. You are explaining one construct with another construct when their actual origins and development are distinct.

>It's about trying to find a common biological descent that the majority of the population of a nation have
You operate under the naive assumption that races were laid out based on genuine scientific inquiry. Race came about to justify the exploitation of colonized people and the categorization of these races were merely due to historic and economic happenstance. If races had been set based on common biological descent then people would have concluded there is only the human race, unless you were an American race scientist who believed in Polygenism. Europeans believed in Monogenism and still distinguished by more than on race.

>People ultimately believe in it, because it can raise their social standing and get them favors from the "biological majority" bourgeoisie
You virtually don't benefit at all from being a part of a category that everyone else is a part of. People in Western Europe believed in the existence of the white race and all of them were a part of it. They don't gain anything from being a part of a group everyone in their society is a part of and they also didn't gain favors from the "biological majority bourgeoisie" (?) from that. The point of these constructs was to justify what they did to people in the colonies.

>and also because it just ends up becoming a powerful ideology.
People have no way of knowing that beforehand and that's just a claim made in hindsight.

Race is the kind of thing where the more you promote it at an institutional level, the more it can reinforce itself. Like with science, if you do studies where you sort people into race categories, any differences you find are going to be put in terms of those race categories (as opposed to things like income level or something). The more you do that, the more ingrained that category becomes in the institution. Another big factor is just lack of social mobility. People generally are in the same stratum as their parents, and if you have generational poverty and a group that's intentionally ghettoized with zoning and home loan policies, then it's going to contribute to a difference in material circumstances that's reflected in culture and socioeconomic status that can be lazily interpreted as race differences.

>>22386
I'm not saying it's done in good faith. It's obviously a vulgar form of "science" that comes out of the construct of nationalism. Not all nationalists are racists, either, of course. But racist nationalists can become more popular at certain times. Long-term institutional ingraining of these ideas is definitely a factor as well.

>>15829
Like the church need the devil to reconcily the existence of evil with the idea of an omnipotent and ontologically good deity, capitalism need an essentialist classification of people to justify the misery and brutal exploitation of some.