Marx begins his career as a journalist, at the age of 24 years old, writing for Rheinische Zeitung from between May–March, 1842–3, notably defending the freedom of the press, and also meeting Engels November 16, 1842. Inevitably, Marx was dropped for his radicalism, which leads to the idea of founding his own paper, partnering with the Young Hegelian Arnold Ruge, creating Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher in August 1843, but which only had one issue, in February 1844, including publishings of "On the Jewish Question", "Contribution to a Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right", and Engels' "Outlines for a Critique of Political Economy". Marx wrote a summary of this as part of the article, which displays a confused vocabulary, later improved upon. During this same time, Marx was writing on economic topics, in his nine "Paris Notebooks" (1843–45), which were never published, yet Marx still highlighted different sections, and seems to have intended them for print in his newspaper. At least in 1845, he was contracted by Carl Leske to write a book titled "A Critique of Politics and of Political Economy", but which never came to be, since this was cancelled in 1846, following more controversies from Marx's status. So, the Paris Notebooks can be considered the earliest economic writings of Marx, the contents of which are known today as: (i) Comments on James Mill, (ii) Notes on Ricardo, and (iii) The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844. I will be reviewing these works.
(i) Comments on James Mill (1844):
This work contains lengthy quotations and responses by Marx. In the beginning, Marx disputes a supposed lawful nature of prices (e.g. exchange-value) synonymous with costs of production; citing accident as the coincidence between them, since the market admits of fluctuation. It cannot be a constant factor, elsewise there would be no market; Marx perhaps foreshadows planned economies:
<In political economy, law is determined by its opposite, absence of law.https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/james-mill/We see in Marx's later writings, a desire to set prices by costs of production, and so the 'anarchy of production' is only an obstacle to perfect equilibrium. Indeed, it is thrice, Gossen, George and Schumpeter who see that a truly lasseiz-faire economy would produce the s
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