MINSK, 17 September (BelTA) – Belarus marks the Day of people’s Unity on 17 September. The holiday was instituted on 7 June 2021 by Belarusian President’s Decree No.206.
The holiday celebrates the beginning of the Red Army's liberation campaign in Western Belarus in 1939, which resulted in the reunification of the Belarusian people, divided under the terms of the Treaty of Riga.
The territory of Belarus was divided between the two states as a result of the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1920. The eastern part of Belarus became the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the USSR. The western territories of Belarus were annexed to Poland - some of the lands were seized by the Poles during the war, and some of them were agreed under the Treaty of Riga, signed on 18 March 1921.
The Polish state included the territory of more than 112,000 square kilometers with a population of 4.6 million people (according to 1931 data). These lands were given the unofficial name of Western Belarus, which the Polish authorities did not recognize. In official documents, these territories were more often called Kresy Wschodnie.
Western Belarus was a relatively backward agrarian outskirt of Poland. The region was mainly used by the state as a source of raw materials and cheap workforce. The working day in industry lasted for 10-12 hours, salaries were lower than in the other Polish regions. More than 80% of the region's population was engaged in agriculture.
The Polish authorities pursued a policy of polonization and assimilation against Belarusians. They prohibited the use of the Belarusian language in state institutions and banned Belarusian schools. Out of 400 Belarusian schools that operated on the territory of Western Belarus before the Polish occupation, only 16 remained in 1934, and none was left in 1939. The Belarusian press was persecuted. If there were 23 Belarusian newspapers and magazines legally published in 1927, then in 1932 there were eight of them, and only pro-Polish and clerical publications remained until 1937. There were no Belarusian theaters and musical institutions in Western Belarus. The authorities found various reasons to close Belarusian publishing houses, libraries and village reading rooms.
The main method the Polish government used was coercion and often terror. Mass police repression of the population during punitive expeditions to subdue farmers uprisings was commonplace. Political trials w
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