[ home / rules / faq / search ] [ overboard / sfw / alt ] [ leftypol / edu / labor / siberia / lgbt / latam / hobby / tech / games / anime / music / draw / AKM / ufo ] [ meta ] [ wiki / shop / tv / tiktok / twitter / patreon ] [ GET / ref / marx / booru ]

Catalog (/overboard/)

Sort by: Image size:


R: 151 / I: 56

/USApol/ ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ”ฅ

๐Ÿ—ฝ UNITED STATES POLITICS ๐Ÿฆ…

<Billionaire Beggar Bailout Edition

Thread for hellish discussion of the Dying Burger Reich: Things are going to continue to happen in the stupidest ways possible that no one really takes seriously, where every single person compulsively reacts with either cynical grifting or useless panic and appealing to a political system of liberal democracy that is entirely dead and irrelevant. things will continue to get gradually worse, more people will lose their jobs and homes, the most destitute and marginalized will be oppressed by state-backed domestic terrorism, but the decay will simply continue and everyone who isn't actively being imprisoned and forced into slavery or outright exterminated will simply ignore it and maintain a cognitive dissonance of believing a civil war is happening while living their lives in a mostly normal fashion. The death of the United States will be slow, painful, and insufferably annoying and stupid. ๐Ÿˆ ๐Ÿ’ต
Death to the scourge of the earth, the destroyer of nations, the father of fascism, the enabler of ethnostates, the treatlerite tyrant, the protector of pedophiles, the exporter of ecocide, the captain of capitalism, the king of coups, the sultan of sanctions, the emir of the embargo, the autocrat of austerity, the doge of deregulation, the baron of busting unions, the prince of privatization, the lord of loan sharks, the patron-saint of proxy wars, the sponsor of settlers, the guarantor of genocides, the invader of islands, the Divided $nakkkes of Amerikkkaโ„ข ๐ŸŒญ ๐Ÿ”

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ Strike Tracker โš’๏ธ
https://striketracker.ilr.cornell.edu/

๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ Deeds of the Burger Reich ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
https://github.com/dessalines/essays/blob/main/us_atrocities.md
https://williamblum.org/essays/read/overthrowing-other-peoples-governments-the-master-list

๐Ÿ“บ Glowie News ๐Ÿ“บ
(sponsored by the Burger Eagle Freedom Institute (formerly USAID))
โ€ข CNN: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/cnn-news-usa.html
โ€ข MSNBC: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/msnbc.html
โ€ข FOX: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/fox-news-channel.html
โ€ข Bloomberg: https://www.bloomberg.com/live/us

๐Ÿš๏ธ Local News ๐Ÿš๏ธ
https://www.50states.com/ce/

โœŠLive Protest StreamsโœŠ
https://woke.net/

๐Ÿ๏ธ Epstein's Client List๐Ÿ๏ธ
https://epsteinsblackbook.com/

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฑ Track Zionazis (apparently ShareBlue backed, gross)๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฑ
https://www.trackaipac.com/

๐Ÿ“–Read, Burgga, Read! ๐Ÿ“–
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXUFLW8t2sntNn5jQO8vF7ai9x0fna3PV

Previous Thread: >>2554312

Remember to filter mass tor baiters, feds, and trolls
Not reporting is bourgeois
Violators will be launched from trebuchet
R: 126 / I: 17
How can I actually agitate for the decriminalization of lolicon where I live? Like what practical ways are there to even get involved in activism for it?

It's so stupid because I can literally buy a copy of Nabokov's Lolita, or a print of a Balthus painting (I guess because they're considered "classics" and more respected or something,) but if I'd imported Lyrical Nanoha doujins from Japan, I could get several years in prison for the crime of… What??? Buying foreign porn comics???? So far I've been just betting that the law has more important things to do than running around trying to put weebs in jail, but bourgeois policy being what it is, I'd rather oppose the laws altogether.
R: 135 / I: 123

Post Here Every Time You Visit This Board

Post something when ever you visit this board.
Also post Teto
R: 45 / I: 12

Trans people and communism

I've noticed for a while now that trans people on average are much more likely to be communists or socialists. I've never really thought about it, but why could that be? I've had this image saved since early 2023 (when I started noticing this) and have seen a lot more trans communists since.
I mean, I guess it could be the hiring discrimination they face, but you don't need to change economic systems to introduce anti- discrimination legislation.
R: 3 / I: 0

climate change

How are we going to achieve socialism after the climate apocalypse because we are not going to fix the climate what should leftists do when people get tired of barbarism
R: 11 / I: 1

Considering giving up life and going to help PDF in myanmar

I've been thinking about it a lot recently and I don't really see a future in the USA, anymore constant capitulation and watering down of socialism in favor of social-democrats like Zohran and AOC. And I've given up on normal socialization.
And the US can't arrest me since they're also supporting the Myanmar Unity Government, which is allied with the PDF.
R: 500 / I: 94

/ISG/ - Internet Spectacle General

A thread focused on discussing the parasocial relationships cultivated by the Almighty Algorithm to generate profit off of our atomization and society's commodification of petty internet drama.
Brace through the hyper-real lacanian void together!

Reminder That None of This Is Real!โ„ข
ษขส€แด€ส™ แด€ แด˜แด€ษชส€ แด๊œฐ sแด˜แด‡แด„แด›แด€แด„สŸแด‡s

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

CORE THEORY
>The Society of the Spectacle (1967) by Guy Debord
๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/debord/society.htm
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0blWjssVoUQ

<The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction (1936) by Walter Benjamin
๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/benjamin.htm
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=blq9sCIyXgA

>The Culture Industry from Dialectic of Enlightenment (1944) by Theodore Adorno & Max Horkheimer
๐Ÿ““ โ€ข https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/adorno/1944/culture-industry.htm
๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://libcom.org/article/dialectic-enlightenment-philosophical-fragments-theodor-adorno-and-marx-horkheimer
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hSLdd8R8mY

<Understanding Media (1964) by Marshall McLuhan
๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://designopendata.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/understanding-media-mcluhan.pdf
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09ML9n5f1fE

>One-Dimensional Man (1964) by Herbert Marcuse
๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://libcom.org/article/one-dimensional-man-studies-ideology-advanced-industrial-society-herbert-marcuse
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZCoLbEkAqs

<Discipline and Punish (1975) by Michel Foucault
๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/michel-foucault-discipline-and-punishment
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s82uU4iRuko

>Simulacra and Simulation (1981) by Jean Baudrillard
๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://dn720006.ca.archive.org/0/items/baudrillard.-1970.-the-consumer-society/Baudrillard.1981.Simulacra-and-Simulation.pdf
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Yxg2_6_YLs

<Manufacturing Consent (1988) by Edward S. Herman & Noam Chomsky
๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://libcom.org/article/manufacturing-consent-political-economy-mass-media-noam-chomsky-and-edward-s-herman
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34LGPIXvU5M

>The Sublime Object of Ideology (1989) by Slavoj Zizek
๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://altexploit.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/slavoj-zizek-the-sublime-object-of-ideology-second-edition-the-essential-zizek-2009.pdf
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TtIckkHsUQ4

<Postscript on the Societies of Control (1990) by Gilles Deleuze
๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/gilles-deleuze-postscript-on-the-societies-of-control
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hu4Cq_-bLlY

>Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (1991) by Fredric Jameson
๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://www.are.na/block/4114741
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4k26xGx1zI

<Spectres of Marx (1993) by Jacques Derrida
๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://libcom.org/library/specters-marx-jacques-derrida
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJr0NwXWb6Q

>Capitalist Realism (2009) by Mark Fisher
๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://libcom.org/article/capitalist-realism-mark-fisher
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Cb5XJH4NMI

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

>Precursor Material to Post-modernity and Critical Theory
๐Ÿ“– โ€ข Karl Marx - Book 1, Chapter 4 of Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts (1844)
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/labour.htm
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข Why Marx Was Right: Alienation - PlasticPills
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPRxxN4Kh30

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข Georg Lukรกcs - Chapter 4 of History and Class Consciousness (1923)
https://www.marxists.org/archive/lukacs/works/history/hcc05.htm
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข Marxism After Marx: Reification - The Marxist Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZiI-QKxBKI

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข Antonio Gramsci - Book 1, Chapter 1 of Selections from the Prison Notebooks (1929)
https://www.marxists.org/archive/gramsci/prison_notebooks/problems/intellectuals.htm
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข Hegemony: WTF? An introduction to Gramsci and cultural hegemony - Tom Nicholas
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-LI_2-qsovo

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข Louis Althusser - Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (1970)
https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/althusser/1970/ideology.htm
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข Althusser's Concept of Ideology: A Discussion with Anthony Gavin - Acid Horizon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtOqXxkKwvw


<Documentaries
โ€ข The Society of the Spectacle (1974) by Guy Debord
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjF6I6SYjgA

โ€ข Manufacturing Consent (1992) by Mark Achbar & Peter Wintonick, with Noam Chomsky
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Li2m3rvsO0I

โ€ข The Pervert's Guide to Cinema (2006) and The Pervert's Guide to Ideology (2012) by Sophie Fiennes, with Slavoj Zizek
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYuI4SFw4g0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBcFLmu_tlc

โ€ข HyperNormalisation (2016) by Adam Curtis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bv3Tr3jvZM&rco


>Easy-Bake Breadtube (for absolute beginners)
โ€ข We're All Fake Now - Wisecrack
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTW1mPOJJ_Y

โ€ข Are Cell Phones Replacing Reality? - PBS Idea Channel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AXIAM7dTTg

โ€ข The Cultural Significance of Cyberpunk - Cuck Philosophy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nvor7hhDKTs

โ€ข Introduction to Critical Theory for the 21st Century - Nathan Dufour
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7stVZPGxIw

โ€ข The Work of Art in the Age of Surveillance Capitalism - Brendan Morris
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNKiBJJFXZI


<Situationist Archives
โ€ข https://situationist.org/
โ€ข https://notbored.org/SI.html
โ€ข https://bopsecrets.org/SI/index.htm

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

RECOMMENDED OP-EDS
โ€ข I Donโ€™t Want to Be an Internet Person by Ginevra Davis
https://www.palladiummag.com/2022/11/04/i-do-not-want-to-be-an-internet-person/

โ€ข Pluralistic: Tiktok's enshittification by Cory Doctorow
https://pluralistic.net/2023/01/21/potemkin-ai/#hey-guys

โ€ข Facebook's Threads is so depressing by Jason O. Gilbert
https://jogblog.substack.com/p/facebooks-threads-is-so-depressing
R: 16 / I: 1

HOW DO I ACTUALLY DO SOMETHING?

So, it's cool to talk about theory and all of that, but what's should I do to actually change the world instead of having theory discussion onlinr 24/7? What's the key stuff that I need to do to actually start to make a change in the world?
R: 103 / I: 12

Why isn't China funneling money to combat anti-communist propaganda in the west/

Why isn't China funneling money to combat anti-communist propaganda in the west? Or anti-chinese propaganda? Or anything like that? All they do is whine about the confucious institute but its clearly not doing jackshit since sinophobia and anti-communism continue to be rampant. Where are the think tanks? Why aren't they financing channels to screw over the algorhytmn? Why? If they're doing something or anything at all its not enough. Anywhere east of Russia is generally an anti-communist shithole that holds no respect for China and millions of citizens brainwashed into pro-American slopaganda about how China's "stealing technology from the US", "China is totalitarian surveillence undemocratic state when west is freedumz n freeze peach", "Russia aggressor 2022 Putin dictator" "Hummus antisemitism". Why is China letting this retardation continue? Its only fueling the retardation war machine and conditioning the retarded to die for retardation. Why come China is just letting anti-chinese and anti-communist propaganda flood the internet? China is literally winning on all grounds except propaganda, why hasn't it solidified its global importance by financing anti-western sentinment? Why do we have to be forced to listen and see all this retarded bullshit and argue with it to no avail when China has the power to finance cointel to win the information war?
R: 207 / I: 66
/PRC/ People's Republic of China 17
>Taking the grillpill aboard Tiangong.
Original threads:
https://archive.ph/S2XYA
https://archive.ph/Ytckv

leftypol.org archives:
https://archive.is/https://leftypol.org/leftypol/res/30501.html

bunekrchan.xyz archives:
https://archive.is/https://bunkerchan.xyz/leftypol/res/8925.html
https://archive.is/yrBUN
https://archive.is/pCecr
previous thread: >>2532063
R: 11 / I: 6
At 10, I shaved my hair and tried to be a monk.
R: 18 / I: 10

new cat thread

post kats in here
the body of the feline was too short on salmon
R: 37 / I: 10
Why does every single transfem character in media make me feel so miserable?

I know I should be happy that people like me are getting more representation but im not. Everytime I see a character like brigette from guilty gear im just reminded how ill never be as pretty as her, and how ill never be as confident and happy as her.

Even that one movie I Saw The TV Glow which every trans person was raving about made me feel worse than any other piece of media has ever made me feel before. It felt like the movie itself was mocking me for being too cowardly to transition, and basically telling me that I was gonna suffer and be unhappy forever until I die.
R: 37 / I: 3
Leftypol could really learn something from Athenian democracy and the story of Aristides.
The fact Athenian democracy worked so well is what saved them numerous times especially from the advances of the Persian forces.
R: 8 / I: 6

Primitive Society Simulator

Primitive Society Simulator is a historical society-building game that lets players guide a prehistoric tribe from a simple communal existence to a stratified civilization. It begins in an egalitarian โ€œprimitive communistโ€ stage, where resources, labor, and tools are shared, and there is little distinction between individuals. As the tribe develops agriculture, metalworking, and trade, it begins to produce surpluses, allowing some members to specialize as craftsmen, warriors, or leaders.

This specialization gradually introduces inequality: leaders accumulate authority, private property appears, and social ranks emerge. The game models this shift through systems like organization hierarchies, diplomacy, and class-based housing. Over time, patriarchal families, inheritance, and noble titles develop, solidifying class divisions. In this way, Primitive Society Simulator portrays the long historical transformation from communal, cooperative tribes into societies defined by hierarchy, property, and power.

https://store.steampowered.com/news/app/1876880/view/530981557607858282?l=english
R: 474 / I: 184

/ukr/ - Russia-Ukraine War General #268

ETERNALLY FOOLED edition.

Previous: >>2540767

Evidence of the influence and origin of neo-Nazi groups in Ukraine

https://archive.ph/44B9Q
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323637
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323658
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323663
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323688
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323729
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323733
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323731
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323735
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323740
https://azovlobby.substack.com/
https://banderalobby.substack.com/

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

ALWAYS APPROACH SOURCES CRITICALLY

Live maps and updates
DeepStateMap: https://deepstatemap.live
Events in Ukraine: https://eventsinukraine.substack.com/
SouthFront: https://southfront.press/category/all-articles/world/europe/ukraine/

Watch Together
๐Ÿ“บ News/events: https://tv.leftypol.org/r/HappeningsviaKlash
๐Ÿ“บ Hangout/chill: https://tv.leftypol.org/r/bloodcast

Watch By Yourself
>Video Essays / Historical Background
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข Ukraine: The Avoidable War - Boy Boy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LL4eNy4FCs8

๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข Ukraine's Nazi Problem - The Marxist Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4yZvWAwU5W4

๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข America, Russia, and Ukraine's Far Right - Gravel Institute
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0pyVJG7_6Q

๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข The Nature of Putin's Russia and Its Causes (3-Part Series) - 1Dime
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8d6Vzi7zYg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zODWTfMwFGw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Zuygh9Mzuo

<Current Happenings
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข The Grayzone: https://www.youtube.com/@thegrayzone7996
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข DDGeopolitics: https://www.youtube.com/@DDGeopolitics
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข Defense Politics Asia: https://www.youtube.com/@DefensePoliticsAsia
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข The Duran: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdeMVChrumySxV9N1w0Au-w
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข The News Atlas: https://www.youtube.com/c/thenewatlas
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข Military Summary: https://www.youtube.com/@militarysummary

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

Social media
>Twitter
https://twitter.com/GeromanAT
https://twitter.com/plnewstoday
https://twitter.com/RALee85
https://twitter.com/MarQs__
https://twitter.com/KofmanMichael
https://twitter.com/IntelCrab
https://twitter.com/michaelh992
https://twitter.com/Suriyakmaps

<Telegram
https://t.me/milinfolive
https://t.me/hueviykharkov
https://t.me/conflictzone
https://t.me/vorposte
https://t.me/intelslava
https://t.me/grey_zone
https://t.me/AussieCossack
https://t.me/asbmil
https://t.me/Slavyangrad

๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ฆ
Thread guidelines:
โ€ข Please remember to add a spoiler to NSFW and extreme content such as graphic violence and gore.
โ€ข Try your best to not derail discussion too much from the main events and relevant places where the war is taken place, as well as other happenings, groups and public figures related to it.
โ€ข Meta discussion of the historical, philosophical and ideological background of the war is fine as long as its done in good faith and comradely.
โ€ข In the event the meta discussion overstays its welcome, participating users will be referred to take the conversation to the INTERNATIONALISM general thread.
โ€ข Quality shitposting and original content is encouraged! Spamming glowie memes is low effort.
โ€ข this is /ISG/ for people who treats geopolitics like shitty map games
R: 25 / I: 7
I hate politics.
I don't give care about class struggle, I'm a lumpen anyways it basically doesn't even apply to me.
I hate every whiny moralising hand-wringinh pearl-clutching sniveling dweeb here. I hate marxists, and I hate Marx. I hate anarchists I hate MLs I hate leftcoms, I hate post leftists I hate feminists I hate incels I hate fascists and reactionaries, I hate liberals and conservatives I hate political discussion
I hate trying to argue with an anon only for them to call me a adebate addict, I hate the mods and I hate this site.
R: 14 / I: 4
Does anybody else not understand why they find guys attractive? I recently came across a video that said "straight men just dont understand what women and gay men find attractive in males" and it made me realize that I couldnt even identify what it is about men that im even attracted too.

I definitley know when i find another guy attractive, but I usually couldnt explain why. My tastes in men arent even very coherent, I like feminine men, but I also like buff hairy dudes, and I also like incels. My attraction to men makes no logical sense
R: 351 / I: 90 (sticky)

/ttg/ - Tech Team General

This thread is only for feedback related to technical issues (bug reports, suggestions).

We are currently working on improvements to the site, subject to the need of the tech team to sleep and go to their day jobs. If you need more immediate feedback please join the matrix room[s] and ask around. Feel free to leave comments, concerns, and suggestions about the tech side of the site here and we will try to get to it as soon as possible
R: 208 / I: 42

/US-Venezuela war/ #2

/US-Venezuela war/ #2
>Tired of the re-runs edition
>>2440521 Previous thread
https://archive.ph/4Dq3L Thread 1 Archive

The Real Reason the USA Is Attacking Latin America
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcWH-LPyTow
0:00 Trump's war on Latin America
1:04 (CLIP) Trump meddles in Argentina's election
1:23 US imperial strategy in Latin America
2:02 (CLIP) Trump wants Venezuela's oil
2:14 Natural resources
2:41 Ties with China and Russia
3:02 Oligarchic counter-revolution
4:11 US war on Venezuela
7:50 Marco Rubio: coup-plotting war hawk
9:23 Fox News calls to colonize Venezuela
10:01 (CLIP) Fox News: Venezuela 51st US state
10:29 The "drug trafficking" excuse
11:10 Colombia's President Gustavo Petro
13:29 US-backed Colombian drug traffickers
14:24 US-backed drug lord รlvaro Uribe
17:05 The "war on drugs" is based on lies
18:10 Colombia moves closer to China
19:12 China: South America's top trading partner
20:41 USA meddles in Colombia's election
21:42 Monroe Doctrine to Donroe Doctrine
26:15 (CLIP) John Bolton boasts of coup attempt
27:05 Neocolonialism
28:26 US interventions in Latin America
30:32 USA colonized half of Mexico
31:11 Colonial "Banana Wars"
31:41 Goals of US war on Venezuela
32:33 William McKinley, imperialist
34:01 (CLIP) Trump vows to expand US empire
35:02 Trump takes mask off US empire
36:30 Outro
R: 15 / I: 2

list of people that are spiritually right wingers

>anyone with nostalgia for the past
>anyone obsessed with videogames or escapism
>anyone too obsessed with technology, gadgets or AI
>sport fanatics (you can watch sports just be normal about it)
>overly zeaolous religious people
>overly zealous atheists
>chomos
>men who pay for sex
>gooners
>TERFS
>people who mistreat service job workers
>opiate users
R: 118 / I: 48

What are you playing general

Post in this thread every time you play a new game and rate it, I'll start, currently playing Dread Dawn, pretty jank and honestly not that good but I'm desperate for more zombie games to wait until PZ 42 comes out. 6/10.
R: 11 / I: 0
I feel like when the right says the left cant meme, its because the meme either personally offends them, they disagree with it or they are too stupid to understand it. Its a coping mechanism and should be taken as serious critique.
R: 6 / I: 1
some people don't like it when characters break the 4th wall and talk directly to the audience, because it destroys immersion, but what if they literally crawled out of your monitor and beat you half to death? That would be pretty immersive in my opinion.
R: 27 / I: 3
question for China glazers: if China actually invades Taiwan and hundreds of thousands of civilians die as a result, will you still be a China glazer?
R: 22 / I: 9

Mexico Gral

No encontrรฉ el hilo anterior asรญ que hago uno nuevo porque es necesario

que con todo y todo Estados Unidos no ha parado de intentar meter las narices en el paรญs y me esta empezando a cansar y mas si en el 2030 planean poner otro titere de mierda en especial si es el puto de Salinas Pliego que planea ser literalmente un Milei Whitexican.

Alguien seguia la campaรฑa de Manzo?
Que opinan de Morena en pleno 2025?
Que nos queda por hacer?
R: 38 / I: 6

Creating a New American National Narrative

I was going to post this in /usapol/ but effort posts usually get buried so bare with me. I just want some opinions on this draft of some thoughts:

The capitalist class operates with little regard for borders, a fluidity it leverages to its advantage. The entire United States functions as a network of neocoloniesโ€”these states host governments that do not represent their people, but rather the corporations that operate within them. The majority of the population is exploited within this system; in fact, only a privileged 10% truly benefit from the capitalist-imperialist economy.

Beneath this broadly exploited class lies a layer of the hyper-exploited, who form the core source of slave labor for this anti-life regime. This super-exploitation is manufactured along racial, gender, and other lines, a deliberate construct of capitalism's superstructure. The rise of a hyper-militarized "War from Within," waged by agencies like ICE, makes this brutally clear. Hispanic peopleโ€”and by extension, Indigenous people, as the term "Hispanic" is itself a colonizer label invented in the 1970s to impose a European (Spanish) heritageโ€”are primary targets. Even the spectacle of Proud Boys leaders who identify as Hispanic cannot obscure this systemic reality; it only reiterates the haunting contradictions we must confront.

This pattern is rooted in an unfinished past. The first American Revolution of 1776 was ultimately a war over which faction of the capitalist class would control the colonies. While it included a small but notable faction of true people's revolutionariesโ€”figures like Thomas Paine, who argued for abolishing slavery from the outsetโ€”they failed. Their defeat meant the people's revolution was never completed.

Therefore, we are not simply communists or anarchists, though we may be influenced by both. We are abolitionists. Our purpose is to finish that people's revolution and free this land from capital's control.

This struggle did not begin with us, nor did it pause after 1776. It is a continuous thread woven through this land's history: in the pan-tribal resistance led by Tecumseh, in the stunning victory of Indigenous nations at the Battle of Little Bighorn, in the bloody righteousness of Nat Turnerโ€™s rebellion, and in John Brownโ€™s holy war against chattel slavery. The Civil War itself contained revolutionary, abolitionist currents that were ultimately subverted by capital, which traded chattel slavery for the prison of sharecropping and Jim Crow.

This tradition of people's war was carried into the industrial era by the IWW, which waged a protracted struggle from the 1880s to the 1930s. They were ultimately squashed not just by state violence, but by the betrayal of turncoat communists within the CPUSA and other factions that chose alignment with social democrats over revolutionary solidarity.

Even the global fight against fascism in WWII was subverted. While millions fought with an anti-fascist spirit, American corporations had fueled Hitler's rise, and after the war, the state imported Nazi scientists via Operation Paperclip, integrating their expertise into the U.S. military-industrial complex. Remember the Business Plot of 1933, where financiers attempted a fascist coup against FDR; though it failed, its architects remained in positions of immense power.

The central problem has always been the strategic separation of perspectives through intentional racial division, a tactic solidified after Bacon's Rebellion. That rebellion was a prototype, unifying black and white workers to such a degree that the ruling class was forced to invent the concept of "whiteness" and codify chattel slavery to shatter that solidarity.

We can view this entire history through a hauntological lens: If Bacon's Rebellion achieved that much, we must imagine the lost future where that alliance also united with the native tribes, successfully ousting the private landed gentry. That ghost of a future, which was stolen from us, holds the key to the future we can still inherit.

It has been 533 years since Columbus landed on Turtle Island in search of trade, gold, and markets; 406 years since the first person of African descent was brought to these shores in bondage; 350 years since Bacon's Rebellion; and 250 years since the capitalist class subverted the revolutionary currents of 1776โ€”the pattern of division becomes starkly visible across the centuries.

The central, enduring problem of American history has been the strategic separation of perspectives through intentional racial division, a tactic systematically codified in the wake of Bacon's Rebellion. That uprising was a fiery prototype of class solidarity, unifying enslaved Africans, European indentured servants, and landless freemen to such a dangerous degree that the terrified ruling class was forced to engineer a social solution: they invented the legal and social concept of "whiteness" and hardened the system of hereditary chattel slavery specifically to shatter that multiracial solidarity. This was the "counter-revolution of 1676," a preemptive strike against a people's revolution that has shaped all that followed.

We must therefore view this entire history through a hauntological lens. We are haunted by the futures that were stolen from us. If the pursuit of trade and gold 533 years ago initiated this cycle of extraction and division, and if the solidarity glimpsed 350 years ago in Bacon's Rebellion was so potent it required a new system of apartheid to contain it, then we must actively imagine the lost future where that rebel alliance also united with the native tribes whose land was the rebellion's initial object. Imagine a future where that coalitionโ€”of the enslaved, the indentured, the landless, and the indigenousโ€”successfully ousted the private landed gentry and built a society on a foundation of mutual interest, not racial capitalism.

That ghost of a future, a possibility born 350 years ago and suppressed ever since, is a key. It unlocks the understanding that our present is built on a foundation of deliberately fractured solidarity. We are recovering a roadmap to the future we were denied, a future that, in recognizing its own stolen potential, we can still choose to inherit.
R: 7 / I: 0

Evidence-based strategies for enhancing longevity?

Conventional advice includes intermittent fasting, consistent exercise, vegetable intake, and daily nuts. Could we eventually self-administer advanced therapies, like those involving immunosuppressants? If feasible, what is the associated complexity?

I want a lifespan of 200 years or more, are there compelling studies demonstrating effective methods for significant life extension?
R: 0 / I: 0
Why the fuck is Mao Zedong in a fucking Arthur episode?!?!
Based Arthur
R: 6 / I: 4

Free Birds is the greatest movie of all time!

Most people think that this is another consumerist kids movie made to prophet off of an imperialist holiday but those people are stupid. You see the movie starts with a turkey named Reggie trying to warn a bunch of clueless farm turkeys that the farmer is just fattening them up to eat them which they donโ€™t believe, you might think that this is just a retarded kids movie but you see Reggie is actually a metaphor for the Marxist movement in America and how small it is, and the clueless turkeys symbolize the lumpenproletariat and them being fattened up by the farmer is a critique of consumerism. And when Reggie becomes the pardoned turkey and starts gooning to soap operas at camp David that is made to criticize Champagne socialism, then when he gets kidnapped by the red turkey Jake that symbolizes the Maoist movement and direct action. When my mom took me to see this movie when I was 10 I cried 11 times watching this and it immediately radicalized me.
R: 325 / I: 122

Hazbin Hotel

How do you feel about it (and its creator)?
also please spam Charlie pics
R: 226 / I: 25
Can someone give me non-bullshit explanation of how exactly Western PROLETARIAT benefits from imperialism?

The West exported their investments and know-how and helped in the industrialization of the third world. Not just China, but also SEA, Asian tigers, India, Brazil, Poland, Malaysia etc. This resulted in the exact opposite of what happened in colonialism. The Western industries were hollowed out this time, and outsourced to the third world. Now sure, the Western bourgie benefited from this, but the money didnt trickle down much. That's why in the 1970s you could support a family and live a decent life doing a simple blue collar job and now you cant. So where exactly did the Western PROLETARIAT benefit from this imperialism?
R: 11 / I: 6

Rule Me China Movement ๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ณ ๆˆ‘่ฆๅ—ไธญๅ›ฝ็ปŸๆฒป่ฟๅŠจ

I present to you, the Rule Me China Movement! RMCM! Or alternatively called RMPRCM! We are the first worldwide openly sinophile movement that wants China to invade and destroy our nation states we live in and instead we want to be governed by China, we want all of our culture to be wiped out or sinicized as much as possible, we want to people to study and worship China, the CPC and socialism with chinese characteristcs (SWCC), we want SWCC, we want our nations to cede their territory to China and hope that one day the entire World globe will be governed by China and the CPC. We are proud national traitors, we want not only to live in China we want to destroy our nations to become a part of China, we are both activists and violent agitators, revolutionaries. Our goal is to convince every person that China is the best nation in the world, that our own nations suck and should be destroyed and that the way of the scientific outlook on development and the future stands with China and SWCC. Our goal is to create propaganda in every nation outside of China and create a massive support base and expand a coordinated movement for free dedicating our life to praising the PRC and engaging in everything PRC related.
This is the declaration of the RMCM, for universal socialism with chinese characteristics and universal governance by China. We can agitate by organizing, getting together and doing propaganda, education, civil disobedience or outright sabotage and military preparation for overthrow of our own national governments. SINOPHILES OF THE WORLD UNITE. LIVE LAUGH LOVE CHINA. You don't need to move to China, it is enough for you to support it and spread its glorious image, to defend China, to defend Mao Zedong thought, Deng Xiaoping thought, Xi Jinping thought, Hu Jintao thought and praise figures like Jiankui He. Combat all non-chinese influence. Sinicize the world. SERVE THE PEOPLE, SERVE THE WORLD, SERVE CHINA.
ไบบๅ›บๆœ‰ไธ€ๆญป๏ผŒๆˆ–่ฝปไบŽ้ธฟๆฏ›๏ผŒๆˆ–้‡ไบŽๆณฐๅฑฑ

CHINA #1! CHINA NUMBER 1! CHINA NUMBER ONE! CHINA IS THE GREATEST NATION IN THE WORLD! CHINA IS THE BASTION OF THE COMMUNIST MOVEMENT! LONG LIVE CHINA! LIVE CHINA FOREVER! LONG LIVE XI! DEATH TO WESTERN DEGREDATION AND BAD INFLUENCE! LONG LIVE CHINA!

๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿงง

OUT OF RESPECT FOR CHINA, TAKE YOUR OWN COUNTRY'S FLAG AND PUT THE CHINESE FLAG ON THE CANTON OF IT. WHEN ATTENDING DEMONSTRATIONS IN PUBLIC USE THE FLAG ALONG WITH THE FLAG OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.

NO IRONY.


ALTERNATIVE NAMES FOR THE RULE ME CHINA MOVEMENT / ๆˆ‘่ฆๅ—ไธญๅ›ฝ็ปŸๆฒป่ฟๅŠจ :
Universal Socialism With Chinese Characteristics Movement (USWCCM) / ไธญๅ›ฝ็‰น่‰ฒ็คพไผšไธปไน‰่ฟๅŠจ
Worldwide Sinophile Movement (WSM) / ๅ…จ็ƒไบฒๅŽ่ฟๅŠจ
Sinophile Movement (SM) / ไบฒๅŽ่ฟๅŠจ
Love China Movement (LCM) / ็ˆฑไธญๅ›ฝ่ฟๅŠจ
Motherland China Movement (MCM) / ็ฅ–ๅ›ฝ็ฅ–ๅ›ฝ่ฟๅŠจ
Worldwide China Movement (WCM) / ไธญๅŽ็ฅ–ๅ›ฝ่ฟๅŠจ
China Earth Movement (CEM) / ไธญๅ›ฝๅœฐ็ƒ่ฟๅŠจ
Global China Movement (UCM) / ็Žฏ็ƒไธญๅŽ่ฟๅŠจ
R: 14 / I: 2
>F.A.C.T (Feminists Against Censorship Task Force)
Finally, Actually Existing Revolutionary Goonerism
R: 197 / I: 63

Boku no hero

The finally of season 4 was actually pretty tight even if gentle arc was fucking dumb.
I normally dont like shounentrash but the animation and art is pretty fuckin good.
Also Eri is adorable.
R: 107 / I: 8

==On the Great Man==

Stalinoids have a tendency for projecting their great man idealism and assume Marxist critique of their cult is based on vilifying Stalin the man. However we reject their mythology of the one man (Khrushchev) singlehandedly dismantling an entire mode of production.

The Russian revolution lost because it failed to become international. Stalin had little to no role to play in that. In fact our only contention with Stalin is much less dramatic, it's simply his opportunist decision to not recognize the defeat of the revolution and instead to parade its corpse in order to maintain yet another capitalist state. His and others desecration of the revolution set the workers movement decades back.
R: 19 / I: 0
Is eroguro anti fash or just sick fetish porn
R: 96 / I: 83

Post Her Every time You Visit This Board

โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ คโ คโ คโ „โฃ€โ „โ „โ „โ ฑโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ โ ‚โข„โข˜โกพโ คโ โ ’โ ’โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ ’โ  โข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โข„โ „โ โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โ โฃถโฃ„โ „โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ คโ ถโ ถโ ฆโฃผโฃฟโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ’โ ’โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก€โ  โ „โ ’โ ’โ ’โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ žโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก€โ „โ ‚โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ โ ƒโข€โกดโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โก โ ‚โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โกผโขโ ”โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  โ šโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ‰โ ปโขฆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ „โข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃพโกทโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‘โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‘โข„โฃ€โกโ „โขถโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃพโกฟโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ขโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ ฐโฃโขทโฃ€โก˜โฃƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃพโฃฟโ ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ ˆโ ชโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข‚โ „โ นโฃฏโกฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโ ‹โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโกƒโ „โ  โ โ „โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ „โ „โฃคโ ‹โ „โ ‰โ  โ œโฃ„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขกโฃฐโฃฝโฃฟโฃŒโขปโฃงโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโ ‡โกฐโ โ „โ „โ „โกŽโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข‚โ „โ „โขปโก€โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ชโก€โ „โ „โ „โฃดโฃฃโ „โ „โ „โ „โฃปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโกปโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โก€โ „โ „โ „โข€โกดโ โกดโขโฃ€โฃคโก„โ „โก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโข‚โ „โ „โ ฑโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโข€โ „โ „โขฐโฃฟโฃงโ „โ „โ „โ ˜โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃปโกฟโ „โ „โฃ โ Žโข€โฃžโข โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โฃธโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โฃ†โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ณโก€โ „โ ˜โข†โ „โ „โ „โฃคโฃฝโฃฏโ „โ ธโ Ÿโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โกŸโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโกทโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ฟโฃฟโฃปโ ‚โ „โ „โฃฟโฃคโ Ÿโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โ ฟโ ฟโขณโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โก€โ „โ „โก„โ „โ ™โขฆโก€โขธโก‡โ „โ „โ ™โ žโ Œโก€โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขกโ „โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃถโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃผโฃŸโขฟโฃปโ „โ ‘โ Ÿโก€โ „โข€โกผโ ƒโ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ Ÿโขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ˆโ „โ „โขƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโก‡โ „โ „โฃฟโ „โ „โ „โ ™โขพโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก‡โ „โขธโก€โ „โข€โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโก€โ „โขฟโฃฟโ ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โกโฃฟโขฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ ˆโขฃโฃคโกพโ โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ ธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโฃ€โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ †โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃพโฃทโก€โขฐโ ‡โขƒโ „โ „โ „โ โก‰โ ›โ ถโฃคโฃคโกดโ ƒโ „โขธโก‡โ „โขธโฃฆโก€โ „โ „โ โ „โ ธโกฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ‡โฃฟโฃฟโขฟโ „โ „โฃฐโฃ„โ ˜โกŒโฃ†โ „โข โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก†โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโก„โ „โ „โ „โข€โก€โฃธโกŸโฃฟโก‡โฃผโ „โ ˆโขถโฃ„โ „โ „โฃทโ „โก†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก‡โ „โขธโฃฟโฃทโก„โ „โ โ „โ „โก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขกโฃฟโฃฟโขธโก‡โ „โฃนโฃฟโฃงโ นโฃนโก†โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃพโฃฟโกโกŽโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ ธโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ฐโก„โ „โข€โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโ ƒโฃฟโฃทโกโ „โ „โ ˆโขฟโฃ†โ „โฃฟโฃงโฃทโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก‡โ „โกผโ ›โขฟโฃฟโก„โ „โก„โ „โขฑโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โกฟโฃฟโ „โฃฟโก€โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃ†โฃนโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โขƒโ „โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โฃนโฃพโฃ„โข€โ „โ „โข โฃฟโฃทโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโกโ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃƒโฃ€โฃ€โ  โ ฌโขฟโฃงโฃฟโกฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฐโก‡โ „โ ƒโ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโก„โก‡โ „โกŒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโฃฟโกŸโ „โขธโฃงโขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโฃฟโฃฟโ พโ ถโ คโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก€โ ‰โ ™โฃฟโฃถโฃฆโก€โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ —โ šโฃฟโกโ ‰โข€โฃ€โฃ โฃ„โฃˆโขฟโฃฟโก—โขปโฃฟโก€โ „โ „โ „โขธโก‡โก˜โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโ ‰โฃฏโ „โข โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขปโก‡โ „โ „โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ธโฃฟโฃฆโ คโฃคโฃฌโฃ†โกปโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โขนโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ คโฃฐโฃฟโกฟโ ฟโ ›โฃปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโขฟโฃทโ ‚โขฟโฃ‡โ „โ „โ „โฃผโขกโ ƒโข€โข€โฃพโฃฟโก†โก‡โ  โ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโก‡โ „โ „โ ˆโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ˜โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโ ‡โ „โข โฃจโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ„โ „โ โขฟโฃฟโกฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ ˆโกšโ ‰โ „โ „โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโกŸโ โ ปโ „โฃธโฃฟโก€โ „โข€โฃฟโกพโก โ ‚โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกทโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขฟโฃฟโก€โ ˆโขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกปโขŽโ „โ „โ „โ ปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกปโ ปโฃฟโฃงโ ˆโก„โ ™โขฟโกˆโ ปโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ›โ ›โ ‰โ ‰โ ˆโ „โ „โฃธโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โขธโฃฟโกฟโ โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ Ÿโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขปโก‡โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฎโกโ „โ „โ ˆโ ‰โ ‰โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ™โขทโฃ”โก€โ „โ ฑโก€โ ˆโขฟโฃฟโฃงโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ œโฃ‹โกผโฃฟโฃฟโข€โฃฟโ ‹โข€โฃพโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ‹โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโกคโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ฒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โข‡โ ‘โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โฃ”โขตโฃพโ Ÿโข€โฃฟโฃฟโฃผโฃโฃดโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ Ÿโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโฃฏโฃทโฃขโฃ„โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ คโ šโ ‰โฃฐโ Ÿโขโฃดโฃฟโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโขฆโกˆโ ‰โ ‰โ ‰โ „โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ œโฃกโกดโ Ÿโ ‹โขโฃดโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฏโฃคโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃโก’โขคโฃ€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  โฃ„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃฐโ •โข›โก‰โ คโ โ šโ ›โ ›โ ›โ ปโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขจโฃฟโกŸโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกทโ ฆโ ญโ ดโ ฆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  โขฐโฃ’โฃญโ ”โ ‰โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ™โ Ÿโ ขโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขปโก‡โ โฃปโฃฟโฃฟโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃคโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ ถโ ถโ ถโ ถโ „โ „โ „โ ‚โ ˆโขกโกžโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ณโ „โ โขฟโฃฟโก†โ ™โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃฆโฃ€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  โขดโ Ÿโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ปโฃทโ „โ „โ ™โข›โกฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโขฟโฃทโกฆโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โกŸโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‘โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ชโกปโฃฟโฃ†โ ™โ ฟโก†โ ˆโ ‰โ Šโ ‘โข„โก€โ „โ „โฃ€โฃคโฃพโ ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขฆโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โ ปโก†โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‰โฃฝโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขฟโก€โ „โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ฟโฃทโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โกดโฃžโฃฟโฃญโฃ›โฃถโฃ„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโก„โ ˆโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ปโฃทโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฐโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโฃฃโกฝโฃ†โ „โ  โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃžโ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโข„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขนโฃ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโกฟโ ฟโข›โฃฟโฃฏโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โก€โ „โ „โขนโฃฟโกœโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โข‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก€โฃฝโฃฟโก†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โขทโฃ โกฟโ ™โ ‹โ ™โ ›โฃฟโ ƒโฃคโฃธโ ƒโ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโก˜โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ กโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ โขŽโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโกฝโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โ ณโ ถโ ถโ ถโข›โฃกโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃถโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โ ”โ ˆโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโขธโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโ ฟโ ›โ ฟโ ฟโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโขณโฃฆโฃ„โฃ€โก€โ „โ  โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  โ ’โ ‰โ „โ „โฃธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโฃฟโฃ†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โ ‰โ ›โ ›โ ›โ ฏโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ „โ ธโฃฏโฃ†โ „โข โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ „โฃ โฃ„โ ˜โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ โฃพโฃฟโกŸโขโ Ÿโ „โ „โ „โ นโฃฟโก”โฃฟโฃ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃŸโฃฟโฃฏโขงโ „โ „โฃฟโก‰โ „โ †โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ โฃพโฃŸโกฝโ ‹โ „โฃทโ „โ „โ „โข€โ ”โ ™โขฅโกฟโ Ÿโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกพโฃฟโฃพโก€โ „โฃฟโฃ‡โ „โข โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ โฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โฃฟโ „โ „โก„โ โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขฑโฃ†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃปโฃฟโก‡โ „โขนโฃฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ฐโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโฃฟโฃ†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโ „โขธโฃฟโก‡โ „โ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โ „โ „โขธโ „โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ ˆโฃฟโฃ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃพโขซโกฝโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โฃฐโฃฐโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขปโฃฟโฃงโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‰โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ ขโ ˆโก†โ „โข„โข€โ ผโ ฟโฃฟโฃทโก™โ ปโฃฟโ ƒโ „โ „โ ‹โข€โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โขฟโฃทโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขนโฃฟโฃฟโก†โ „โขธโฃฟโ „โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โขคโฃ„โ คโ „โ „โ ˆโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโก€โกŒโ „โข โ ถโขโกโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โขทโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃ โฃดโ พโ ปโขฟโก†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โขธโฃฟโก‡โก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฐโฃคโ „โขโฃ’โ ถโฃ”โข„โ „โ „โ ˆโ ฃโข„โ „โ „โฃธโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโ Ÿโ „โข โขกโ ฃโกฒโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฃโ „โ „โข€โฃดโกฟโกŸโ ฟโ „โ „โ ˜โฃ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโ „โขธโฃฟโฃทโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ ‹โกŸโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‘โข•โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‘โขพโขฟโ ˆโ ฟโ ƒโ „โข€โฃฃโขฃโกตโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโข‡โ ฐโ ฟโ ‹โ กโ „โ „โ ‚โ „โ „โฃฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก โ †โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ณโฃฌโฃ€โฃ„โฃ€โก โ ›โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โ ‰โ „โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ †โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก†โขธโฃฟโฃฟโ ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โก โ โก€โข„โ „โ „โ „โ นโฃฟโฃฟโ ‹โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โก„โข‚โ „โ „โ „โข€โก€โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โขธโ Ÿโขฟโขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ฐโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  โ „โ โ ˜โ “โ „โ ˆโ ‰โ ‰โ ‰โ ฐโ „โ „โ ˜โขนโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโก€โ ขโก€โ „โ ธโ ‹โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โ ธโ „โ ˆโ ˜โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขƒโ „โ ฐโ ธโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขณโ „โ โข„โ „โ „โ „โ „โก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ „โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข„โฃ€โ „โ „โ „โขโฃ โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โ  โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขงโ „โ „โข‚โ „โ „โ „โขฐโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโ ƒโข€โฃ€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ‰โ šโ ›โ ฟโ โกโ „โ „โ „โก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โ „โ „โ „โขƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃ†โ „โ „โข‚โ „โ „โ ธโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ƒโ ˜โข‚โ ˜โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ „โก„โ ‡โข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก€โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโข„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ „โข†โ „โ „โข‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฐโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ พโ †โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โกฐโฃถโฃคโฃ„โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ ปโ „โ ˆโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃทโฃ„โ „โ „โ ˆโ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฐโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ ธโก„โ „โ „โ „โฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ จโขทโฃดโกพโก‰โ ปโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ‚โฃ โ ƒโก†โ „โ „โ ˜โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โขนโฃฟโ ƒโฃฅโก€โ „โ „โ ‘โข„โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โก โขพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃƒโ „โ „โฃฐโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก™โ ปโ ฆโฃโกปโ ‹โฃ โฃพโ โกฐโ โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โข†โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ„โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขฒโฃคโฃ„โฃ€โฃ€โก€โก€โฃ€โฃ€โฃ โฃคโ –โ ‰โ „โ „โ นโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ  โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ นโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ žโ โ „โ „โก€โกดโก‡โ „โ ‘โขคโก€โ „โ ˜โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ™โ ›โกฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ›โ ›โ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ›โฃฟโฃถโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโ „โ „โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โฃ€โก€โข€โกฟโ  โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโกโ ‡โ „โ „โฃธโฃฟโฃถโกคโฃทโกŸโขฟโฃฟโขฟโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ›โ ‰โขฆโฃ€โกธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โขนโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโฃปโ โ กโ โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โขธโขโ „โ „โข โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโ โฃฟโ โ „โ ปโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ „โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ „โ „โ  โข
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก โ „โขฐโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ›โ Ÿโ ‰โ โขƒโก”โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โกˆโ „โข โกžโขธโฃฟโฃฟโ „โกโ „โ „โ „โฃญโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃคโฃคโฃคโฃถโฃถโฃถโ ถโ ’โฃ€โ „โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ ˜โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโก†โขกโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ  โฃชโ Ÿโ „โ „โข€โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ „โฃฟโก‡โ ธโขŸโ โ „โ ‡โ „โ „โ „โขปโฃฟโ ถโ „โ „โ „โก โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โฃ โกคโขพโ ฟโขฟโฃ›โฃ›โฃปโฃ‹โ „โฃ โฃพโฃฟโก‡โ ˜โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ นโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ †โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโฃฟโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โฃ†โ „โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‚โ กโ šโ โ „โ „โก โ โ „โ ฐโ „โ „โ ˆโ „โขธโฃฟโฃฅโฃ„โก‚โ คโข€โ ˜โฃ„โ „โ „โฃฐโ ƒโ „โ „โข”โฃˆโก โ คโ „โ ’โฃ‚โฃ‰โฃฅโฃคโฃถโฃถโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ โก โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ „โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โ „โ „โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโก˜โข†โ  โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โก€โ „โ „โ „โข€โ ƒโ „โข โ „โ „โฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃฆโฃคโฃฟโ ƒโ  โ โก โฃ‚โฃญโฃคโฃถโฃถโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโข‹โ คโ Šโ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโ „โ „โ ˆโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ„โ „โ „โ ˆโ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ฑโก€โขฃโ โ „โ „โ „โ ’โ ‚โ „โ ‰โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โ พโขฑโก€โ ˜โ „โข€โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ  โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ โ Šโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ†โ „โ „โ ˆโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃถโฃ„โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ป
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โฃธโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก โ โ „โ „โฃทโฃผโฃ‡โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโ ›โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โขฐโก†โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ฟโ ›โ ‹โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ „โ ธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃถโฃ„โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ฃโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โฃ€โ คโ Šโ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โขนโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ ˜โก‡โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโกŸโ ‹โ ‰โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขนโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ „โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃถโฃ„โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ฉโ ‰โ ‰โ ‰โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฐโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ บโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โฃทโ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ‹โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ ˆโขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃโ ˆโ ™โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ˆโ ปโ ‡โ „โฃฟโ „โ ™โ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ Ÿโ ›โ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โกŒโ ˜โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ„โ „โ „โ ปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฆโก€โ ™โฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โขปโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ฐโ „โ „โ ˜โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฆโ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃ˜โฃฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ ‡โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃง
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ „โข โกฟโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โกˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ›โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโ „โ „โขโ Ÿโ ‘โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ จโขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ‹โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โขฃโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโ Ÿโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โกฟโ ƒโ „โข โก–โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ขโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ Œโ „โ „โขฐโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟ
R: 92 / I: 28

/leftybritpol/

"turns out conservatives and reactionaries are just dumb after all" edition.

news:
- Your Party is suing itself, more at 11.
- The SNP and Plaid are going to form a "progressive alliance" somehow
- The government's going to do a switcheroo by raising income tax slightly and cutting national insurance to balance it out. (But they won't - follow this to its logical conclusion and scrap NI entirely)
- They're also considering cutting VAT on energy bills (which is the least efficient way of lowering bills you can imagine)
- The board of deputies asked Aston Villa for free footy tickets. In a worrying sign of rising antisemitism, Aston said nah.
- Labour is falling behind the Greens in the opinion polls as their strategy of copying Reform drives away their already-begrudging supporters without winning over any Reform voting reprobates. Nobody could have predicted this.
R: 9 / I: 0

briar

What do you guys, gals and enbies think about Briar?
It's a p2p communication program but for once has a different approach.

From wiki:
>…communications with no centralized servers and minimal reliance on external infrastructure. Messages can be transmitted through Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, over the internet via Tor or removable storage, such as USB sticks.

Anyway, seems like a neat idea but maybe I'm missing something
R: 61 / I: 6
why the fuck do westoids have awful reasons to hate japan? i hate japan too because of its imperialist nature and capitalist economic system. but i never understood the people who claim they hate japan, and itโ€™s because of pedophilia and rape, and the pedo or rape in question are just drawings instead of pulling up actual statistics of pedophilia or rape being normalized in that nation. all i know is that misogyny and racism are a problem in japan so thereโ€™s probably a hint already that pedophilia and rape are also normalized in japan as well. this isnโ€™t trying to defend japan or whatever but im rather concerned about how theyโ€™re not being critical when criticizing a nation like japan
R: 604 / I: 145 (full)

/brg/ - Brazil General

EDIร‡รƒO OXALAIA QUILOMBENSIS
"Foi um grande dinossauro terรณpode que viveu hรก aproximadamente 95 milhรตes de anos, durante o perรญodo Cretรกceo. Seus fรณsseis foram descobertos na Ilha do Cajual, no Maranhรฃo, regiรฃo que jรก revelou outros importantes achados paleontolรณgicos."
"O nome cientรญfico da espรฉcie faz uma referรชncia ร  divindade afro-brasileira Oxalรก e aos assentamentos quilombolas maranhenses."
(arte do Victor Sales/@vsalesv)
O covil dos webcomunas no Brasil

รšltimo fio: >>11885
R: 4 / I: 1
โ€œAll practical work in connection with the organization of the uprising was carried out under the direct leadership of Comrade Trotsky, Chairman of the Petrograd Soviet. It can be said with certainty that the party owes the rapid transition of the garrison to the side of the Soviet and the bold execution of the uprising above all and mainly to Comrade Trotsky.โ€
- J.V. Stalin, Pravda, November 6, 1918
R: 6 / I: 0

Automotive DIY General

So I know pretty much nothing about working on cars because I'm a fag, the most I've ever done is change a tire. But the brake light came on the dashboard in my Toyota Highlander a few days ago and I took it to a brake shop who did a free inspection but quoted me $1500 for a brake job, so I decided to finally learn how to do this shit myself. The mechanic told me the rotors needs replacing but I looked at them and they seem perfectly fine to me and I haven't felt any wobbling or anything when braking, so I think it just needs new pads and brake fluid. I watched a couple of Youtube videos on how to change brake pads and brake fluid and I ordered a set of brake pads for my car from RockAuto for about $50 and a brake bleed kit from Amazon for $20 and I bought a quart of DOT3 brake fluid from a local Dollar General for $10. I have sets of metric wrenches and sockets from working on bicycles years ago and my neighbor has a floorjack and jackstands I can borrow so I think I have everything I need. I know to not let air bubbles into the brake line and to not put any stress on the brake line when taking off the caliper, is there anything else I should know? I don't want to screw this up and end up killing myself driving my car later.
R: 20 / I: 5
The surveillance and general crackdown on muslims during the GWOT was fucking crazy. Look at some of these FBI guidelines for profiling "extremists" and justifying repression:

>Spreading religious fanaticism through irregular beards or name selection
Can't grow a suspicious beard or name your kid mohamed
>Wearing (or compelling others to wear) burqas with face coverings
Can't wear religious clothing
>Interfering with cultural and recreational activities, rejecting or refusing public goods and services such as radio and television.
Gotta listen to NPR I guess
>Publishing, printing, distributing, selling, producing, downloading, storing, reproducing, accessing, copying, or possessing articles, publications, audio or video with extremist content
Ridiculously vague
>Other speech and acts of extremism
Basically a justification to spy and harass anyone for any reason
R: 33 / I: 3
What are some pop culture icons that are worshiped and adored despite being totally chomo-coded?


picrel
R: 540 / I: 103

/CYBERCOM/

This thread is for the discussion of cybercommunism, the planning of the socialist economy by computerized means, including discussions of related topics and creators. Drama belongs in /isg/

Reading
Towards a New Socialism by Paul Cockshott and Allin Cottrell: http://ricardo.ecn.wfu.edu/~cottrell/socialism_book/
Brain of the Firm by Stafford Beer
Cybernetic Revolutionaries by Eden Medina
Cybernetics: Or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine and The Human Use of Human Beings (1st edition) by Norbert Wiener
Economic cybernetics by Nikolay Veduta
People's Republic of Walmart by Leigh Phillips and Michal Rozworski
Red Plenty by Francis Spufford
Economics in kind, Total socialisation and A system of socialisation by Otto Neurath (Incommensurability, Ecology, and Planning: Neurath in the Socialist Calculation Debate by Thomas Uebel provides a summary)

Active writers/creators
Sorted by last name
>Paul Cockshott
https://www.patreon.com/williamCockshott/
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVBfIU1_zO-P_R9keEGdDHQ (https://invidious.snopyta.org/channel/UCVBfIU1_zO-P_R9keEGdDHQ)
https://paulcockshott.wordpress.com/
http://paulcockshott.co.uk/
https://twitter.com/PaulCockshott (https://nitter.pussthecat.org/PaulCockshott)
>Cibcom (Spanish)
https://cibcom.org/
https://twitter.com/cibcomorg (https://nitter.pussthecat.org/cibcomorg)
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCav9ad3TMuhiWV6yP5t2IpA (https://invidious.snopyta.org/channel/UCav9ad3TMuhiWV6yP5t2IpA)
>Tomas Hรคrdin
https://www.haerdin.se/tag/cybernetics.html
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5fDgA_eHleDiTLC5qb5g8w (https://invidious.snopyta.org/channel/UC5fDgA_eHleDiTLC5qb5g8w)
>Elena Veduta
http://www.strategplan.com/en/about/veduta.php
Various videos on YouTube but no channel of her own
>Dave Zachariah
https://www.it.uu.se/katalog/davza513
One video on Paul Cockshott's channel

Podcasts
>General Intellect Unit
Podcast of the Cybernetic Marxists
http://generalintellectunit.net/

Previous threads in chronological order
https://archive.is/uNCEY
https://web.archive.org/web/20201218152831/https://bunkerchan.xyz/leftypol/res/997358.html
https://archive.ph/uyggp
https://archive.is/xBFYY
https://archive.ph/Afx5a
https://archive.is/kAPvR
https://archive.is/0sAS2
https://archive.is/jXivP
R: 52 / I: 22
what do you guys think of the red shambala trend on tiktok?
i for one really like it and think its funny but it is kinda copying the whole 'agartha' thing and i think leftist shouldnt just copy whatever the right does
R: 516 / I: 68

Questions That Don't Deserve Their Own Thread Thread

Thread for questions that don't deserve their own thread.
I wanna buy some headphones to go outside i don't want to spend more than 100โ‚ฌ on them. I want them to be mostly durable and secondly to have good sound quality, also i don't want to look like a jackass while wearing them, any suggestions?
R: 602 / I: 173 (full)

/USApol/ ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ”ฅ

๐Ÿ—ฝ UNITED STATES POLITICS ๐Ÿฆ…

<Under No Pretext Edition

Thread for hellish discussion of the Dying Burger Reich: Things are going to continue to happen in the stupidest ways possible that no one really takes seriously, where every single person compulsively reacts with either cynical grifting or useless panic and appealing to a political system of liberal democracy that is entirely dead and irrelevant. things will continue to get gradually worse, more people will lose their jobs and homes, the most destitute and marginalized will be oppressed by state-backed domestic terrorism, but the decay will simply continue and everyone who isn't actively being imprisoned and forced into slavery or outright exterminated will simply ignore it and maintain a cognitive dissonance of believing a civil war is happening while living their lives in a mostly normal fashion. The death of the United States will be slow, painful, and insufferably annoying and stupid. ๐Ÿˆ ๐Ÿ’ต
Death to the scourge of the earth, the destroyer of nations, the father of fascism, the enabler of ethnostates, the treatlerite tyrant, the protector of pedophiles, the exporter of ecocide, the captain of capitalism, the king of coups, the sultan of sanctions, the emir of the embargo, the autocrat of austerity, the doge of deregulation, the baron of busting unions, the prince of privatization, the lord of loan sharks, the patron-saint of proxy wars, the sponsor of settlers, the guarantor of genocides, the invader of islands, the Divided $nakkkes of Amerikkkaโ„ข ๐ŸŒญ ๐Ÿ”

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ Strike Tracker โš’๏ธ
https://striketracker.ilr.cornell.edu/

๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ Deeds of the Burger Reich ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
https://github.com/dessalines/essays/blob/main/us_atrocities.md
https://williamblum.org/essays/read/overthrowing-other-peoples-governments-the-master-list

๐Ÿ“บ Glowie News ๐Ÿ“บ
(sponsored by the Burger Eagle Freedom Institute (formerly USAID))
โ€ข CNN: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/cnn-news-usa.html
โ€ข MSNBC: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/msnbc.html
โ€ข FOX: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/fox-news-channel.html
โ€ข Bloomberg: https://www.bloomberg.com/live/us

๐Ÿš๏ธ Local News ๐Ÿš๏ธ
https://www.50states.com/ce/

โœŠLive Protest StreamsโœŠ
https://woke.net/

๐Ÿ๏ธ Epstein's Client List๐Ÿ๏ธ
https://epsteinsblackbook.com/

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฑ Track Zionazis (apparently ShareBlue backed, gross)๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฑ
https://www.trackaipac.com/

๐Ÿ“–Read, Burgga, Read! ๐Ÿ“–
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXUFLW8t2sntNn5jQO8vF7ai9x0fna3PV

Previous Thread: >>2552955

Remember to filter mass tor baiters, feds, and trolls
Not reporting is bourgeois
Violators will be launched from trebuchet
R: 448 / I: 137

Palestine vs The Zionist Entity 122: HAPPY OCT 7! Edition

NEVER FORGET THAT BEAUTIFUL DAY!

๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡ธ PREVIOUSLY ON THE HOLY LAND ๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡ธ
>>2442214

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
๐Ÿšจ Live Happenings/Updates ๐Ÿšจ
Sites that have active live-blogs:
โ€ข Al-Jazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/

โ€ข Middle East Eye: https://www.middleeasteye.net/israel-palestine-hamas-war-gaza-live-invasion

โ€ข The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/world/palestinian-territories

โ€ข Times of Israel: https://www.timesofisrael.com/topic/liveblog/ (trigger warning)

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”

WIKI
Our own wiki. Be sure to add to it and create branching articles:
https://wiki.leftypol.org/wiki/2023_Israelโ€“Gaza_war

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”

๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ RECOMMENDED SITES โœ๏ธ

โ€ข https://electronicintifada.net
From the UK, single issue long time Palestinian investigative and general reporting, critical source

โ€ข https://mondoweiss.net/
From the USA

โ€ข https://new.thecradle.co/
Regional news from an anti-imperialist perspective

โ€ข https://www.btselem.org/Isrsaeli
Premier Human Rights org

โ€ข https://www.972mag.com/
Left news and opinion webzine from Tel-Aviv

โ€ข https://decolonizepalestine.com/
A collection of resources for organizers and anyone who wants to learn more about Palestine

โ€ข https://www.normanfinkelstein.com/blogs/
Known anti-zionist academic Norman Finkelstein's blog

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”

๐Ÿ’ฃ๐Ÿ”ซRESISTANCE๐Ÿ’ฃ๐Ÿ”ซ
al-Qassam Brigades
https://en.alqassam.ps/

PFLP
http://pflp.ps/

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”

๐Ÿ“บ WATCH TOGETHER ๐Ÿ“บ

https://tv.leftypol.org/r/LGBTA
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”

โœŠ๐Ÿชง TAKE ACTION AND TOUCH GRASS ๐Ÿด๐Ÿ”ฅ

(USA)
โ€ข https://www.answercoalition.org/join_a_protest_near_you_free_palestine
(UK+USA)
โ€ข https://www.palestineaction.org/

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”


HIDE JIDF POSTS, IGNORE GLOWIE BAIT, DO NOT REPLY TO MOSSAD POSTERS
(This includes blatantly obvious concern failtrolling/fedposting, painfully unfunny/nuclear misanthropic autism [ie. /pol/] and derailing/hyper sectarian schizophrenia, excessive doomer and jewish-blood-quantum posting)

Always remember to double-check your sources, as well as provide access to it.

ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ
.ุงู„ู‰ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ูƒุงุฏุญูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฑู‚ุŒ ุงู† ู…ุตูŠุฑูƒู… ููŠ ุงูŠุฏูŠูƒู…
!ูŠุง ุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูˆูŠุง ุดุนูˆุจู‡ ุงู„ู…ุถุทู‡ุฏุฉุŒ ุงุชุญุฏูˆุง
R: 13 / I: 2
Daily reminder that if you aren't:
>reading theory
>organizing your workplace
>lifting weights
>practicing at a gun range
You aren't a communist. You're just a LARPer.
R: 0 / I: 0

I've met a Communist today

Yes, he was an extraordinary man,
a specimen of a very rare breed.
I won't describe a specimen of this breed to you,
O perspicacious reader
You'll never get to see even one example of this breed.
You aren't constituted so that you can perceive such types.
They're invisible to you.
Only honest and bold eyes can see them.
This poem serves merely so
that you'll know,
even if only by hearsay,
what kind of people
exist on this earth.

There are only a few of them,
but through them
everyone's life will flourish.
Without them
life would wither.
There are only a few of them,
but they make it possible for all people to breathe;
without them people would suffocate.
There's a great mass
of honest and good people,
but there are very few people like them.

But these few people are within that mass,
as theine is in tea,
as bouquet is in fine wine.
They are its strength and its aroma.
They are the flower of the best people,
the movers of the movers,
the salt of the salt of the earth.
R: 59 / I: 4

youth lib NOW!

is it me or has mesopedia and ageism towards minors in general has gotten worse over the past few years? i canโ€™t even defend minors from getting harassed or witnessing ageism anymore without being falsely painted as a โ€œbig evil predatorโ€ or attracting hostile people to my posts
R: 8 / I: 1
>two takes/rockstar fired over 40 of its employees over "gross misconduct" but also allegedly attempting to unionize since the working conditions and secrecy became too much
>due to this new shortage the game officially delayed to november 2026
>protests eruptin
i fuckin knew it
R: 83 / I: 14

Why are so many leftists still attatched to him?

Why can't have of this website admit this guy was a hellspawn and had a very negative impact on communism's reputation abroad?
Not even his regressive social policies or endless sectarianism in regards to fragile socialist movements abroad is brought up
R: 14 / I: 2
How did "dudebro" culture end up being sort of retconned as right wing? I was in a purple state college during Bush's second term and everyone loathed conservatives. We didn't even have the obligatory Ron Paul guy in 07-08.

It's so funny how ubiquitous the "you shouldn't have touched our bideo games!!" talking point has become. The culture around them, the coverage, G4, the magazines, all chock full of jokes at the expense of the right. Maybe this issue isn't deeply political, but it is deeply infuriating to see history rewritten.
R: 156 / I: 27

BSW OPINION

What do you think about German far-left political party named Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance โ€“ Reason and Justice aka BSW?
Are they true communist redpilled comrades? Do they have any future? Will they replace Die Linke and would/will you vote for that party if were/are a German?
R: 34 / I: 4
I was arguing with a third worldist/read settlers type the other day who was telling me they donโ€™t feel bad for homeless westerners and that they deserve it. Now I absolutely hate American Imperialism as much as any socialist should but this seems like an absurd leap in logic to wish ill on the common people of the west who while they do benefit in some degree from imperialism, donโ€™t hold the power structure and are also the ones who are made to fight in their bullshit wars. Is socialism when you wish homelessness on white people?
R: 22 / I: 2

HOW DO I GET INTO CONTINENTAL SLOPPA?

I'm new to continental philosophy, to me continental sound just aphorisms and sophistry, and nothing with actual substance to say, but I'm open minded and curious to know if I'm wrong or continental philosophy actually has value, so what some good introduction books to continental SLOPPA?
R: 113 / I: 15

Soviet deportations

What's the real story behind the Soviet deportations during WW2 because even MLs say that it was a bad thing but that feels like capitulation that Stalin is as bad as the Nazis as it was an ethnic cleansing from how it's described by western liberal historians
R: 145 / I: 58

Whatever

It just hit me we dont have any general chit-chat threat, so here it is. Post whatever you want, share whatever you want.
R: 37 / I: 0 (sticky)

Reading General Sticky

Hello, /leftypol/!
Welcome to the Reading General Sticky! This thread will be dedicated to the sharing, discussing, and general banter about various leftist thinkers, theories, and political outlooks.

Don't forget to check out >>>/edu/ for more reading and discussion!

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
Common Right Wing Talking Points Debunks
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

Check out the /edu/ thread at
https://leftypol.org/edu/res/5576.html

Also see the relevant leftybooru tag
https://lefty.pictures/post/list/debunk/1
Add topics into the tag list to further narrow down your search!

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
Reading Matrix Room - Thanks to the /read/ matrix room (https://matrix.to/#/#leftyread:matrix.org)
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Classical Marxism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
The foundational texts and concepts strictly written and conceived by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.

Tier 1
Communist Manifesto (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/index.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knCYXFisM4k

Theses on Feuerbach (1845) by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/theses/theses.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zA-Gn8q47cs

Wage Labour and Capital (1847) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/wage-labour/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6llbLvm3RAc

Principles of Communism (1847) by Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/11/prin-com.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGcpspooZvk

Critique of the Gotha Programme (1875) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1875/gotha/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIkR-0NeOzw

Socialism: Utopian and Scientific (1880) by Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1880/soc-utop/index.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4_BiWhvVyA

Tier 2
The Holy Family (1844) by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/holy-family/

On The Jewish Question (1844) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/jewish-question/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lu7jgrQ_oF8

Conditions of the Working Class in England (1845) by Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/condition-working-class/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDaK6b6eZrg

The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (1952) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1852/18th-brumaire/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=orxXeE8kn4U

Value, Price and Profit (1865) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1865/value-price-profit/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjhVZW3HJzM

The Civil War in France (1871) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1871/civil-war-france/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSWrTzJFrnQ

Tier 3
Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right (1843) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1843/critique-hpr/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b78lwj_TNVI

Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts (1844) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/preface.htm

The German Ideology (1846) by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ERf6Qvqwr6g

The Poverty of Philosophy (1847) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/poverty-philosophy/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iNy2A2ZpSEU

Grundrisse (1858) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1857/grundrisse/

Anti-Dรผhring (1877) by Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1877/anti-duhring/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bATakOyA0zc

The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State (1884) by Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1884/origin-family/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8W2GaAs5VLo

DAS KAPITAL
Capital: A Critique of Political Economy (1867) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhXStf2E1tc


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
German Idealism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Philosophical movement that generally argues that the mindโ€™s structures (reason, self-consciousness) play an active role in shaping reality and experience, centering on how freedom, subjectivity, and the unity of subject and object grounds knowledge and moral life. Hugely influential in revolutionary socialist currents.

Critique of Pure Reason (1781) by Immanuel Kant
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.gutenberg.org/files/4280/4280-h/4280-h.htm

Foundations of the Science of Knowledge (1794) by Johann Gottlieb Fichte
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://dn720207.ca.archive.org/0/items/thescienceofknow00fichuoft/thescienceofknow00fichuoft.pdf

The Phenomenology of Spirit (1801) by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hegel/works/ph/phconten.htm

The Essence of Christianity (1841) by Ludwig Feuerbach
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/47025/pg47025-images.html

The Jewish Question (1843) by Bruno Bauer
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.scribd.com/document/720704445/bruno-bauer-the-jewish-question


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Utopian Socialism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Early socialist current that imagined ideal, cooperative communities and peaceful social reforms achieved by moral persuasion and voluntary association rather than class struggle or revolution.

The Social Contract (1762) by Jean-Jacques Rousseau
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/46333/pg46333-images.html

The Wealth of Nations (1776) by Adam Smith
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3300/3300-h/3300-h.htm

The Theory of the Four Movements (1808) by Charles Fourier
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://libcom.org/article/theory-four-movements-charles-fourier

A New View of Society and Other Writings (1813) by Robert Owen
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/economics/owen/society/index.htm

On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1817) by David Ricardo
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/33310/pg33310-images.html

New Christianity (1825) by Henri de Saint-Simon
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/New_Christianity.pdf

Holy History of Mankind (1837) by Moses Hess
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://ia801505.us.archive.org/23/items/119933_20230725/Moses%20Hess.%20The%20Holy%20History%20of%20Mankind%20and%20Other%20Writings.pdf

Principles of Political Economy (1848) by John Stuart Mill
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/30107/pg30107-images.html

Instructions pour une prise d'armes (1866) by Louis Auguste Blanqui
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/francais/blanqui/1866/instructions.htm


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Classical Anarchism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Rejects the state and hierarchical authority, serves as the basis for modern and contemporary Anarchism. Variants include Mutualism, Anarcho-Collectivism and Individualist anarchism.

Tier 1
What is Property? (1840) by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/pierre-joseph-proudhon-what-is-property-an-inquiry-into-the-principle-of-right-and-of-governmen
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XeoynLwP3u4

Collectivism (1872) by Adhรฉmar Schwitzguรฉbel
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/adhemar-schwitzguebel-collectivism

Tier 2
The Philosophy of Poverty (1846) by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/pierre-joseph-proudhon-system-of-economical-contradictions-or-the-philosophy-of-poverty

God and the State (1871) by Mikhail Bakunin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/michail-bakunin-god-and-the-state
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLArnrsxwWY

Ideas on Social Organisation (1876) by James Guillaume
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/james-guillaume-ideas-on-social-organization

Tier 3
Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and its Influence on Morals and Happiness (1793) by William Godwin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/godwin-political-justice

The Ego and Its Own (1844) by Max Stirner
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stirner/ego-and-its-own.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBOex4R61Oo

Statism and Anarchy (1873) by Mikhail Bakunin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/mikhail-bakunin-statism-and-anarchy


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Orthodox Marxism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Treats Marxism as a scientific, historical-materialist doctrine. Generally arguing that capitalism contains objective economic contradictions that makes proletarian revolution and socialism inevitable. Therefore, political organization, class struggle, and economic analysis are central.

Tier 1
The Present Position of the Socialist Movement in Germany (1896) by Wilhelm Liebknecht
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/liebknecht-w/1896/06/essex-lecture.html

Erfurt Program (1891) by Karl Kautsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/history/international/social-democracy/1891/erfurt-program.htm

What Means This Strike? (1898) by Daniel DeLeon
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/deleon/works/1898/980211.htm

The Burning Question of Trade Unionism (1904) by Daniel DeLeon
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/deleon/works/1904/040421.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGe1aEA4UOw

The Main Enemy Is At Home! (1914) by Karl Liebknecht
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/liebknecht-k/works/1915/05/main-enemy-home.htm

Tier 2
Socialism and the Political Struggle (1883) by Georgi Plekhanov
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/plekhanov/1883/struggle/index.htm

The Class Struggle (Erfurt Program) (1892) by Karl Kautsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1892/erfurt/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMCOEZ8xjqM

On the Role of the Individual in History (1898) by Georgi Plekhanov
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/plekhanov/1898/xx/individual.html
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQCUjwmSSk4

Reform or Revolution? (1900) by Rosa Luxemburg
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1900/reform-revolution/index.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVZgtmGmyl4

Militarism and Anti-Militarism (1907) by Karl Liebknecht
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/liebknecht-k/works/1907/militarism-antimilitarism/index.htm

The Mass Strike, the Political Party and the Trade Unions (1906) by Rosa Luxemburg
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1906/mass-strike/

The Historic Accomplishment of Karl Marx (1908) by Karl Kautsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1908/histacc/index.html

The National Question and Autonomy (1908) by Rosa Luxemburg
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1909/national-question/index.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-vkL6ZUnzcc

The Road to Power (1909) by Karl Kautsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1909/power/

Tier 3
The Development of the Monist View of History (1895) by Georgi Plekhanov
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/plekhanov/1895/monist/index.htm

No Compromise โ€“ No Political Trading (1899) by Wilhelm Liebknecht
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/liebknecht-w/1899/nocomp/index.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZlYu23bMNhg

The Socialist Crisis in France (1901) by Rosa Luxemburg
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1901/socialist-crisis-france/index.htm

The Social Revolution (1902) by Karl Kautsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1902/socrev/

Socialist Reconstruction of Society (1905) by Daniel DeLeon
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/deleon/works/1905/050710.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yzF6QXNIWV0

The Foundations of Christianity (1908) by Karl Kautsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1908/christ/index.htm

The Accumulation of Capital (1913) by Rosa Luxemburg
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1913/accumulation-capital/


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Anarcho-Communism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Advocates for abolishing the state, capitalism, and private ownership of the means of production in favor of decentralized, voluntary communes with common ownership and distribution "from each according to ability, to each according to need."

Tier 1
Catechism of a Revolutionary (1869) by Sergey Nechayev
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/subject/anarchism/nechayev/catechism.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7kviqQa6ZU

To Manual Workers, Supporters of Political Action (1876) by Franรงois Dumartheray
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/francois-dumartheray-to-manual-workers-supporters-of-political-action

Anarchy and Communism (1880) by Carlo Cafiero
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/carlo-cafiero-anarchy-and-communism

Our Revolution (1881) by Carlo Cafiero
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/cafiero/1881/our-revolution.html

A Word to Tramps (1884) by Lucy Parsons
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/lucy-e-parsons-to-tramps

Words of a Rebel (1885) by Peter Kropotkin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/kropotkin-peter/1885/words-of-a-rebel/index.html

I Am an Anarchist (1886) by Lucy Parsons
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/lucy-e-parsons-i-am-an-anarchist

Anarchy (1891) by Errico Malatesta
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/errico-malatesta-anarchy

The Anarchist Synthesis (1927) by Sรฉbastien Faure
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/sebastien-faure-the-anarchist-synthesis

A Project of Anarchist Organisation (1927) by Errico Malatesta
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/errico-malatesta-a-project-of-anarchist-organisation

The ABC of Communist Anarchism (1929) by Alexander Berkman
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/berkman/1929/what-is-communist-anarchism/index.html

Tier 2
Fields, Factories and Workshops (1899) by Peter Kropotkin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/petr-kropotkin-fields-factories-and-workshops-or-industry-combined-with-agriculture-and-brain-w

At the Cafรฉ: Conversations on Anarchism (1922) by Errico Malatesta
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/malatesta/1922/at-the-cafe/index.html

On Synthesis (1924) by Volin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/subject/anarchism/voline/1924/on-synthesis.html

The Struggle Against the State and Other Essays (1926) by Nestor Makhno
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/makhno-nestor/works/1926/struggle-against-the-state/index.html

Tier 3
The Conquest of Bread (1892) by Peter Kropotkin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/kropotkin-peter/1892/bread.htm

Mutual Aid (1902) by Peter Kropotkin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/kropotkin-peter/1902/mutual-aid/index.htm

History of the Makhnovist Movement (1918โ€“1921) (1923) by Peter Arshinov
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/peter-arshinov-history-of-the-makhnovist-movement-1918-1921

The Russian Revolution in the Ukraine (1926) by Nestor Makhno
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/nestor-makhno-the-russian-revolution-in-the-ukraine

Organizational Platform of the General Union of Anarchists (Draft) (1926) by Various Authors
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/dielo-truda-workers-cause-organisational-platform-of-the-libertarian-communists


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Leninism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Based on the works of Vladimir Lenin, argues for a disciplined vanguard party using democratic centralism to seize state power and establish a temporary dictatorship of the proletariat to lead the transition from capitalism to socialism.

Tier 1
What Is To Be Done? (1902) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1901/witbd/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-eCCtzsiXY

Revolutionary Adventurism (1902) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1902/sep/01.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovPbNQ9JqjA

Socialism and Religion (1905) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1905/dec/03.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKMlcPb1ttw

Three Source and Three Component Parts of Marxism (1913) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1913/mar/x01.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOAII71GaFY

The ABC of Communism (1920) by Nikolai Buhkarin & Evgenii Preobrazhensky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/works/1920/abc/index.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVVnjwBQHH0

Tier 2
Two Tactics of Social Democracy in the Democratic Revolution (1905) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1905/tactics/index.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQsWA4HCGuY

The Right of Nations to Self-Determination (1914) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1914/self-det/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0bbODqyoeM0

Imperialism and World Economy (1915) by Nikolai Bukharin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/works/1917/imperial/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13Uj5GE1h1U

The Proletarian Revolution and Renegade Kautsky (1918) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1918/prrk/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_IWmgY8k2A

โ€œLeft-Wingโ€ Communism: an Infantile Disorder (1920) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1920/lwc/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wh84f8czc7g

Tier 3
Materialism and Empirio-Criticism (1909) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1908/mec/

Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism (1917) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1916/imp-hsc/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFtUKPPYmqk

The State and Revolution (1917) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1917/staterev/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrfLQsyUYig

Historical Materialism: A System of Sociology (1921) by Nikolai Bukharin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/works/1921/histmat/index.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sr7o64hezwc


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Syndicalism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Tendency that aims to replace capitalism and the state by organizing workers into trade-union syndicates using direct action, such as general strikes, in order to take control of production and self-manage the economy.

Tier 1
Anarchism and the Workers' Unions (1895) by Fernand Pelloutier
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://libcom.org/article/anarchism-and-workers-unions-fernand-pelloutier

Sabotage (1898) by ร‰mile Pouget
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/pouget/1898/sabotage.htm

The General Strike (1911) by Bill Haywood
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://archive.iww.org/history/library/Haywood/GeneralStrike/

The Conscious Withdrawal of the Workers' Industrial Efficiency (1917) by Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/subject/women/authors/flynn/1917/sabotage.htm

Tier 2
Anarcho-Syndicalism: Theory and Practice (1938) by Rudolf Rocker
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/rudolf-rocker-anarchosyndicalism

One Big Union (2000) by Industrial Workers of the World
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/industrial-workers-of-the-world-one-big-union

Tier 3
Industrial Socialism (1911) by Bill Haywood
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://archive.iww.org/history/library/Haywood/IndSocialism/

Anarchists in the Spanish Revolution (1990) by Josรฉ Peirats
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://files.libcom.org/files/Peirats%20J.%20Anarchists%20in%20the%20Spanish%20Revolution.pdf


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Marxism-Leninism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Institutionalized doctrine that fuses Marxโ€™s theory with Leninโ€™s praxis as codified official party ideology, applying the idea of historical materialism to a practical program of revolutionary vanguardism and a state-led transition to socialism.

Tier 1
Dialectical and Historical Materialism (1938) by Joseph Stalin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1938/09.htm

The Path Which Led Me To Leninism (1960) by Ho Chi Minh
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/ho-chi-minh/works/1960/04/x01.htm

The Khruschevites (1976) by Enver Hoxha
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/1976/khruschevites/index.htm

Tier 2
Marxism and the National Question (1913) by Joseph Stalin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1913/03a.htm

Workers Manage Factories in Yugoslavia (1950) by Josip Broz Tito
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/tito/1950/06/26.htm

Marxism and Problems of Linguistics (1950) by Joseph Stalin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1950/jun/20.htm

History Will Absolve Me (1953) by Fidel Castro
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/history/cuba/archive/castro/1953/10/16.htm

Guerilla Warfare (1961) by Che Guevara
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.cheguevara.org/Guerrilla-Warfare.pdf

Eurocommunism is Anti-Communism (1980) by Enver Hoxha
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/euroco/env2-1.htm

Tier 3
Foundations of Leninism (1924) by Joseph Stalin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1924/foundations-leninism/

The People's Front (1938) by Earl Browder
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/browder/peoples-front/index.htm

Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR (1951) by Joseph Stalin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1951/economic-problems/index.htm

Imperialism and the Revolution (1979) by Enver Hoxha
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/imp_rev/toc.htm

Revolution in Laos: Practice and Prospects (1981) by Kaysone Phomvihane
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://en.prolewiki.org/wiki/Library:Revolution_in_Laos

Women's Liberation and the African Freedom Struggle (1990) by Thomas Sankara
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://files.libcom.org/files/thomas-sankara-womens-liberation-and-the-african-freedom-struggle.pdf


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Illegalism and Insurrectionary Anarchism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Trotskyism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Based on Leon Trotsky's work, stresses permanent revolution, proletarian internationalism, and an opposition to bureaucratic degeneration.

Tier 1
The Lessons of October (1924) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1924/lessons/index.htm

The Transitional Program (1938) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1938/tp/

Their Morals and Ours (1938) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1938/morals/morals.htm

Fascism: What It Is and How to Fight It (1944) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/works/1944/1944-fas.htm

Tier 2
Terrorism and Communism (1920) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1920/terrcomm/index.htm

The Permanent Revolution and Results and Prospects (1930) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1931/tpr/index.htm

Tier 3
The Third International After Lenin (1928) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1928/3rd/index.htm

History of the Russian Revolution (1930) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1930/hrr/

The Revolution Betrayed (1936) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1936/revbet/

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Anarcha-Feminism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Maoism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

Tier 1
Analysis of The Classes In Chinese Society (1926) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_1.htm

Oppose Book Worship (1930) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-6/mswv6_11.htm

Be Concerned With the Well-Being of the Masses, Pay Attention to Methods of Work (1934) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_10.htm

Combat Liberalism (1937) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_03.htm

Serve The People (1944) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-3/mswv3_19.htm

Bombard The Headquarters (1966) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-9/mswv9_63.htm

Tier 2
On Contradiction (1937) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_17.htm

On Practice' (1937) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_16.htm

On Protracted War (1938) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_09.htm

On New Democracy (1940) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_26.htm

Tier 3
Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement In Hunan (1927) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_2.htm

On Guerrilla Warfare (1937) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/1937/guerrilla-warfare/

The Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party (1939) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_23.htm

On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People (1957) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-5/mswv5_58.htm

Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung (1964) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/red-book/index.htm


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Marxism-Leninism-Maoism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

Tier 1
On Gonzalo Thought (1988) by the Communist Party of Peru
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://michaelharrison.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/On-Gonzalo-Thought-1st-Congress.pdf

Marxism-Leninism-Maoism or Revisionism? (1990) by Prachanda
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.bannedthought.net/Nepal/Problems-Prospects/p_mlmor_revisionism.html

Tier 2
General Political Line (1988) by the Communist Party of Peru
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://bannedthought.net/Peru/CPP/Documents/GeneralPoliticalLineOfTheCommunistPartyOfPeru-1988-OCR.pdf

The Great Leap Forward: An Inevitable Need of History (2001) by the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.bannedthought.net/Nepal/Worker/Worker-07/GreatLeapForward-Prachanda-010200.htm

Hold High the Bright Red Banner of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism (2004) by the Communist Party of India (Maoist)
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.bannedthought.net/India/CPI-Maoist-Docs/Founding/MLM-pamphlet.pdf

Tier 3
On the Bourgeois-Democratic State (1961) by Abimael Guzmรกn
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://bannedthought.net/Peru/Gonzalo/Guzman-OnTheBourgeois-DemocraticState-1961-Thesis-OCR-sm.pdf

Philippine Society and Revolution (1970) by Amado Guerrero
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/history/philippines/cpp/guerrero/1970/psr.htm

Problems & Prospects of Revolution in Nepal (2004) by Prachanda and the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://bannedthought.net/Nepal/Problems-Prospects/index.htm


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Socialism with Chinese Characteristics
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

Tier 1
Emancipate the Mind, Seek Truth From Facts and Unite As One In Looking to the Future (1978) by Deng Xiaoping
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1978/110.htm

Uphold the Four Cardinal Principles (1979) by Deng Xiaoping
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1979/115.htm

We Can Develop A Market Economy Under Socialism (1979) by Deng Xiaoping
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1979/152.htm

To Build Socialism We Must First Develop the Productive Forces (1980) by Deng Xiaoping
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1980/101.htm

Tier 2
On the Reform of the System of Party and State Leadership (1980) by Deng Xiaoping
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1980/220.htm

Tier 3
Build Socialism With Chinese Characteristics (1984) by Deng Xiaoping
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.bannedthought.net/China/Individuals/DengXiaoping/DengXiaoping-BuildSocialismWithChineseCharacteristics.pdf

On the โ€œThree Representsโ€ (2000) by Jiang Zemin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://archive.org/details/JiangZeminThreeRepresents

Report to the 17th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (2007) by Hu Jintao
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-10/24/content_6204564.htm

The Governance of China (2014) by Xi Jinping
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.bannedthought.net/China/Individuals/XiJinping/XiJinping-TheGovernanceOfChina.pdf


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Maoism-Third Worldism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

Tier 1
Long Live the Victory of Peopleโ€™s War! (1965) by Lin Bao
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/lin-biao/1965/09/peoples_war/index.htm

Message to the Tricontinental (1967) by Che Guevara
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/guevara/1967/04/16.htm

Tier 2
White-Settler Colonialism and the Myth of Investment Imperialism (1972) by Arghiri Emmanuel
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://pdfhost.io/v/QUJ7qnsaq_WhiteSettler_Colonialism_and_the_Myth_of_Investment_Imperialism

Unequal Development (1973) by Samir Amin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.prisoncensorship.info/archive/books/Economics/UnequalDevelopment_SamirAmin.pdf

Foreign Trade and the Law of Value (1979) by Anwar Shaikh
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://sci-hub.ru/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40402184
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://sci-hub.ru/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40402218

Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat (1983) by J. Sakai
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://readsettlers.org/text-index.html

Eurocentrism (1989) by Samir Amin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://contrapoder.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/08.-AMIN.pdf

The Wealth of (Some) Nations (2019) by Zak Cope
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://leftypol.org/edu/src/1655353202103-0.pdf

Tier 3
Accumulation on a World Scale (1971) by Samir Amin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://annas-archive.org/md5/89ae1cfad31b7ba8d06acbdba571f721

Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade (1972) by Arghiri Emmanuel
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.prisoncensorship.info/archive/books/Economics/UnequalExchange_ArghiriEmmanuel.pdf

Delinking: Towards a Polycentric World (1986) by Samir Amin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://libgen.gl/edition.php?id=138497885

Divided World, Divided Class (2012) by Zak Cope
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.prisoncensorship.info/archive/books/Economics/DividedWorldDividedClass_ZakCope.pdf

Capitalism: Competition, Conflict, Crisis (2016) by Anwar Shaikh
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://annas-archive.org/md5/dca03bd15eaa085b7c3dd60ea199427e


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Juche
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

Tier 1
For the Establishment of a United Party of the Working Masses (1946) by Kim Il Sung
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/1946/08/29.pdf

On the Occasion of the Founding of the Korean Peopleโ€™s Army (1948) by Kim Il Sung
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/1948/02/08.pdf

On Eliminating Dogmatism and Formalism and Establishing Juche in Ideological Work (1955) by Kim Il Sung
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/1955/12/28.htm

Ten Principles for the Establishment of a Monolithic Ideological System (1974) by Kim Il Sung
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www2.law.columbia.edu/course_00S_L9436_001/North%20Korea%20materials/10%20principles%20of%20juche.html

The Juche Idea is an Idea that Has Inherited and Developed the Progressive Ideologies of Mankind (1986) by Kim Jong Il
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/The-Juche-Idea-Is-An-Idea-That-Has-Inherited-And-Developed-The-Progressive-Ideologies-Of-Mankind.pdf

Ours is the Socialism of Juche (1994) by Kim Il Sung
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/1994/04/16.pdf

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea is a Juche-Oriented Socialist State with Invincible Might (2008) by Kim Jong Il
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/The-Democratic-Peoples-Republic-Of-Korea-Is-A-Juche-Oriented-Socialist-State-With-Invincible-Might.pdf

Let Us March Forward Dynamically Towards Final Victory, Holding Higher the Banner of Songun (2012) by Kim Jong Un
๐Ÿ“– ยท http://www.korean-books.com.kp/KBMbooks/en/work/leader3/1201.pdf

Tier 2
On the Juche Idea (1982) by Kim Jong Il
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/On-The-Juche-Idea.pdf

Our Socialism Centred on the Masses Shall Not Perish (1991) by Kim Jong Il
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/Our-Socialism-Centred-On-The-Masses-Shall-Not-Perish.pdf

Tier 3
On Juche in Our Revolution (1975) by Kim Il Sung
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://archive.org/details/KimJucheRevolutionVol1


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Italian Left-Communism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

Tier 1
Party and Class (1921) by Amadeo Bordiga
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1921/party-class.htm

Bourgeois Violence and Proletarian Defence (1946) by Onorato Damen
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/damen/1946/bourgeois-violence.htm

Proletarian Dictatorship and Class Party (1951) by Amadeo Bordiga
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1951/class-party.htm

Centralised Party, Yes โ€“ Centralism over the Party, No! (1951) by Onorato Damen
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/damen/1951/centralised.htm

Tier 2
Party and Class Action (1921) by Amadeo Bordiga
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1921/classact.htm

The Democratic Principle (1922) by Amadeo Bordiga
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1922/democratic-principle.htm

The Lyons Theses (1926) by Amadeo Bordiga
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1926/lyons-theses.htm

The Communist Left in the Third International (1926) by Amadeo Bordiga
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1926/comintern.htm

Dialogue with Stalin (1952) by Amadeo Bordiga
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1952/stalin.htm

We Defend the Italian Left (1966) by Onorato Damen
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/damen/1966/defend.htm

Tier 3
The Fundamentals for a Marxist Orientation (1946) by Amadeo Bordiga
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1946/orientation.htm

Bordiga โ€” Beyond the Myth and the Rhetoric (1970) by Onorato Damen
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.leftcom.org/files/2018-10-02-damen-bordiga.pdf


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Council Communism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

Tier 1
World Revolution and Communist Tactics (1920) by Anton Pannekoek
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1920/communist-tactics.htm

The Revolution Is Not A Party Affair (1920) by Otto Rรผhle
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/ruhle/1920/ruhle02.htm

The Lenin Legend (1935) by Paul Mattick
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/mattick-paul/1935/lenin-legend.htm

Why Past Revolutionary Movements Have Failed (1940) by Anton Pannekoek
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1940/revo.htm

The Party and Class (1941) by Anton Pannekoek
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1941/party-class.htm

The Failure of the Working Class (1946) by Anton Pannekoek
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1946/failure-working-class.htm

Tier 2
Imperialism, the World War and Social Democracy (1914) by Herman Gorter
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/gorter/1914/imperialism.htm

The World Revolution (1918) by Herman Gorter
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/gorter/1918/world-revolution.htm

Report from Moscow (1920) by Otto Rรผhle
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/ruhle/1920/ruhle01.htm

Lenin As Philosopher (1938) by Anton Pannekoek
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1938/lenin/index.htm

The Struggle Against Fascism Begins with the Struggle Against Bolshevism (1939) by Otto Rรผhle
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/ruhle/1939/ruhle01.htm

Spontaneity and Organisation (1949) by Paul Mattick
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/mattick-paul/1949/spontaneity.htm

Tier 3
An Open Letter to Comrade Lenin (1920) by Herman Gorter
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/gorter/1920/open-letter.htm

Workers' Councils (1942) by Anton Pannekoek
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1947/workers-councils.htm

Marx and Keynes: The Limits of the Mixed Economy (1969) by Paul Mattick
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/mattick-paul/1969/marx-keynes/index.htm

Anti-Bolshevik Communism (1978) by Paul Mattick
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://files.libcom.org/files/paul-mattick-anti-bolshevik-communism-2007_0.pdf


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Frankfurt School
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“








โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Neo-Marxism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Post-Marxism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
R: 0 / I: 0

Lodge Integers

"Aisha": Arnold.
"Campbell": Washington.
"Paul": Adams.
"Grifo": Jefferson.
"Elois": Madison.
"Tank": Monroe.
"Angel": JQA.
"Cornwallis": Harrison.
"Vineyard": Tyler.
"Hall": Van Buren.
"Walsh": Jackson.
"Meyer": Fillmore.
"Taggert": Pierce.
"Edwards": Buchanan.
"Downsey": Lincoln.
"Murphy": Johnson.
"Maynard": Hayes.
"Barabas": Roosevelt.
"Raphael": Taft.
"Wario": Harding.
"Donalban": Coolidge.
"Davis": Wilson.
"Popes": Hoover.
"Horthy": FDR.
"Graye": Truman.
"Kykel": Eisenhower.
"Dracula": Kennedy.
"Byers": LBJ.
"Checkers": Nixon.
"Marx": Carter.
"Hitler": Reagan.
"Bosche": Bush Sr.
"Lansky": Clinton.
"Bosche": Bush Jr.
"al-Faden": Obama.
"Sinterclaus": Trump.
"Gaetano": Biden.
R: 30 / I: 3
I feel like such a failure as gay guy. the only thing other gay people seem to talk about is sex, yet im 19 and still havent ever experienced sex. I havent even ever been able to get a boyfriend. I cant relate at all to all the things other gays talk about because of how I have no experience. It makes me feel so pathetic and out of place in any online gay community.
R: 11 / I: 2

Gen z and fascism on social media

It's old news that fascism is on the rise but I can't be the only one that is suspecting there's a deliberate push by social media companies at this point? Twitter might be obvious but I'm also seeing more and more things on places like youtube getting tons of views that wouldn't have been allowed to stay up a couple years ago, picrel for example. Instagram reels being full of nazi content and its comment sections being bombarded with racism is something that's become infamous but that seemed to have happened almost overnight.
R: 38 / I: 6

Bolivia

El MAS implosionรณ y ahora 2 turboliberales lideran las intenciones de voto. El sindicalismo es un cรกncer y el viejo demente de evo lo deben castrar quรญmicamente
R: 22 / I: 9

Universal Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

Yeah I want that, FUCK YOU CHINA YOU'RE KEEPING GOOD GOVERNANCE AND NICE TECHNOLOGIES TO YOURSELF. FUCK YOU MOTHERFUCKER. I WANT THAT SHIT TOO. I DONT WANNA DO MY OWN THING YOU HELP ME OUT UYGHUR. WEIBO UYGHUR. BRING ME THE CHINA TO EASTERN EUROPE AND THE SEX ROBOTS AND EVERYTHING. I WANT DENGISM XIISM HERE RIGHT HERE MOTHERFUCKER. GOVERN ME CHINA YOU FUCKING TRAITORS, AUTONOMIST CHAUVINISTS I SHIT ON YOUR MOTHERS' COFFINS. CHINA OCCUPY EUROPE NOW. RULE EUROPE CHINA FUCK YOU I WANT SOCIALISM WITH CHINESE CHARACTERISTICS AND A SCIENTIFIC OUTLOOK ON DEVELOPMENT RIGHT HERE. WHY ISN'T IT POSSIBLE? IT IS POSSIBLE. COME HERE.
R: 21 / I: 4

Why not get a dominant Muslim gf?

Why not get a dominant Muslim gf?
R: 33 / I: 3
Biden - Sociopath or sadist?
Trump - Sociopath or sadist?
Kamala - Sociopath or sadist?
Bush - Sociopath or sadist?
Netanyahu - Sociopath or sadist?
Putin - Sociopath or sadist?
Musk - Sociopath or sadist?
Zuck - Sociopath or sadist?
Bezos - Sociopath or sadist?
R: 209 / I: 592

Hentai thread

Since the old one was deleted. Remember to spoiler pics.
R: 3 / I: 0

Are Groypers real?

What I mean by this is do most Groypers even believe the shit they spew? What I mean by this is that most of these guys are young college students (Many of which are secretly brown) who want to be edgy and counter-culture and contrarian and think that being a Nazi fits that description. The truth is that being a Nazi isnโ€™t counter culture and Nazis are all over the halls of congress and the White House, like of of these kids could say to theyโ€™re mother โ€œHey mom trans women are men and Mexicans should be deported!โ€ And his mom would say โ€œAvery how dare you say such a thing! Who raised you?โ€ And then he would laugh thinking heโ€™s being edgy when little to his knowledge if he were to say that to his grandfather his grandfather would agree. Truly the left is the only counter culture in America which is why you are celebrated for being edgy if you make fun of George Floyd but are called a terrorist for making fun of Charlie Kirk. Now Iโ€™m not saying that the Groyper threat isnโ€™t real nor am I not saying that it hasnโ€™t been consequential for an entire generation but I still think that a good chunk of the might grow the fuck up.
R: 2 / I: 0

How does the US make Islamists sound responsible?!?

Also am I the only one who was surprised that this guy has a Twitter account?
R: 7 / I: 1
I get no hoes and will die alone.
R: 3 / I: 0

Donald Duck works for Tesla!

Donald Duck works for Tesla!
R: 249 / I: 31

/europol/

Starting this thread and hopefully it stays a general. There's no thread dedicated to the EVROPA and what happens here.

everal European countries are currently reevaluating their military conscription policies, with some, like Croatia, having recently decided to reinstate it. Regarding pension reforms, the debate is also active, with France serving as a prominent example where a recent reform is facing political opposition and proposed suspension.
>Croatia.
Parliament voted in October 2025 to bring back a 2-month compulsory service starting in 2026.
>Germany
The government is moving toward a "new military service" model starting with a mandatory digital questionnaire for young men from 2027, with the potential for mandatory conscription if needed.
>Denmark
Expanding to include women from July 2025. Service is selected via a lottery system from the pool of eligible 18-year-olds.
>Latvia
Reintroduced in 2023. All men between 18 and 27 must serve for 11 months.

Concurrently, pension reform is trying to be pushed in Belgium, France, Bosnia and Slovenia (that I know of). All want to raise the retirement age and lower pensions low term.

Serbia has a rebellion going on for almost a year.

Is there anything else happening?
R: 3 / I: 0

The West is a ghost town of the human spirit.

We're all just husks, hollowed out by the American grindโ€”a soul-crushing, fucking hamster wheel designed to produce compliant drones. Itโ€™s a scam that steals your life and gives you a paycheck as a consolation prize.
R: 1 / I: 0

One piece 1165 is a breath of fresh air

This shit wouldโ€™ve had me in tears if I read it a few years ago when I was less jaded about life. Shits fucked and Iโ€™m so upset rocks got done so badly man. Good job oda, you cooked.
R: 67 / I: 29

What is it about clussy that

Drives people crazy
R: 67 / I: 16
Are gacha games another part of why a lot of young men are reactionaries? It seems like gacha gaming in general seems to be something that is supported in a lot of right-wing nations and even in China the gamers who like gacha games tend to be rather right-wing. Is this a chicken or the egg scenario though?
R: 2 / I: 0
Loops is federated now
https://blog.joinloops.org/loops-joins-the-fediverse/

The app is still a bit rough around the edges but I think it'll improve as more people get involved. Anyone else wanna check it out? Maybe leftypol could host an instance.

context: Loops is like if TikTok was a mastodon. It took a while to actually be federated but they did it and there's a few instances so far.
R: 69 / I: 11
Am I the only one seeing a re-birth of โ€œanarchoโ€-capitalist ideology on the internet?

These fuckers were EVERYWHERE back in the late 2000s and early 2010s. In fact, their presence coincided with the Obama presidency, whereby the entire GOP was calling Obama a closeted communist and pushing a ton of anti-Marxist propaganda. A lot of it had to do with the Ron Paul cult that started in 2007-2008. โ€œAnโ€-caps tried weaselling their way into every anti-war protest, every authentically anarchist space, Occupy Wall Street (they tried infiltrating the movement to make it about ending the Federal Reserve but failed), and plenty of other anti-establishment spaces.

However, by the mid 2010s most of them jumped on the Trump train and shifted their views entirely. No longer were they free market fundamentalists but big government right-wing populists. My friend in New Hampshire said that nearly all the Free Staters are now anti-drug, anti-queer, anti-abortion, and pro-police, when they all held the polar opposite views 13-15 years ago. Plus, many free market guys are now MAGAts whoโ€™ve converted to traditionalist Catholicism and are pushing a hyper-nationalist crypto-NazBol agenda. The only thing I can conclude is that their views were always informed by white supremacy.

However, for the past week or so Iโ€™ve noticed a sizeable resurgence of โ€œanโ€-caps online. Has anyone else noticed the same? You think they will come back as a means of countering Mamdani and the new rise of DSA into political power?
R: 185 / I: 68

/auspol/ #11 - Southern Cross edition

Australian and Oceania politics general thread.

Link dump:
https://www.greenleft.org.au
https://www.auscp.org.au/militant-monthly
https://solidarity.net.au
https://redflag.org.au
https://marxistleftreview.org/?topic=australia
https://www.michaelwest.com.au
https://overland.org.au
https://arena.org.au
https://www.themonthly.com.au
https://www.crikey.com.au
https://www.redblacknotes.com
https://www.surplusvalue.org.au/McQueen/index.htm
https://reddit.com/r/AustralianSocialism (use a redlib mirror instead of reddit.com)
https://www.labourstart.org/news/country.php?country=Australia&langcode=en
https://anarchistnews.org/content/spotters-guide-anarchism-australia-and-aotearoa
https://thewhiterosesociety.writeas.com (antifascism, most active on twitter)
R: 78 / I: 13 (sage)

Books on the fabrication of the ukrainian identity

Most MSM, AI LLM trained on shit, resources online point to the fake narrative that ukraine (the borderlands, formerly wild lands or dikoe pole) has some kind of lineage tied to Kievan Rus and that it was not entirely a fabrication by the USSR. It is a fake nation that speaks a russian dialect and fabricated its own history and identity. Give me books to prove this right because it is the truth, give me books and resources, english russian whatever,
R: 55 / I: 74

Lets have another MONATIO thread

Lets have another pointless discussion thread about these guys, who they were and what they were doing at the time.
I'll start:
>They were CIA pretending to be collaborators who dissapeared soon after…
R: 1 / I: 0
BREAKING NEWS

Deer spotted in Germany
https://loops.video/v/bVcHuFTeXc

I couldn't find the deer thread so I made a new one
R: 80 / I: 13

We must destroy our own sexuality to achieve a Communist future.

To achieve an international Socialist rule, we must ensure a full dedication to the party and it's objectives. Personal relationships that leech funds, attention, and dedication to the party must be destroyed by the individual internally to achieve an unwavering dedication to the proletariat. We've seen countless times in organizations that sexuality have led to the destruction of the individuals in power, Haz, Hasan, Maupin, MikefromPA, their downfall and degeneration? Falling from Marxist ideals in favor of dedication to sexual conquest. Our relationships to others should solely be dedicated to advancing the interests of the international proletariat, a dictatorship of the proletariat, and the return and advancement of the Comintern.
R: 2 / I: 1

Dialectics bros.....

have you ever come to the realization of the universal truth of dialectics for the first time? sounds a little retarded and maybe it is but i got really high and finally came to the realization of what dialectics actually meant, how so many of my recurring thoughts on emergent properties were actually just separate cases of the one most fundamental belief to materialism. and how many of my issues with society were born from the most elementary politic which comes from the most essential divide – the belief in a static world of essence, and the belief in an ever-changing world of emergent properties. analytic philosophy has destroyed the world
R: 0 / I: 0
>Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic
The future is now, old man.
R: 1 / I: 0
What's some bits you did for previous linkdinsonas / normiesonas you're not using anymore?

I'm gonna start a job search soon but can't think of anything that strikes the balance of funny, believable and maundane quite right.
R: 24 / I: 4
ยฟQuรฉ piensan los anรณnimos de /latam/ sobre Nayib Bukake?
R: 0 / I: 0

Are there actually unironic MAGA communists out there?

Wait I thought MAGA communism was a joke?!?
I thought this shit was just a joke playing off of how contradictory such a thing was, please donโ€™t tell me people actually believe this shit I thought this was just a meme.
R: 26 / I: 4
Would the south have gone communist by the turn of the century? Pressuming the internal class conflict between landowning, slave owning, plantation bourgeoise and white urban workers in manufacturing jobs experiencing malaise as result of the weevil and collapse of plantation economy which released a major low cost labour force.
coupling a lost of industrial activity with a major cheapening of labour.
Economic crisis, racial resentment, class resentment
R: 5 / I: 0

Questioning gender ๐Ÿ˜ญ

okay so i don't even know what but i guess i'll ask people here about this. i'm afab but have gender dysphoria that i've only recently became aware of, but transitioning doesn't really seem to be the best option for me. ik the people on this board will try to convince me otherwise but i'm short as hell, very feminine body, etc. i don't understand why people think transition is either the best thing in the world for people with gender dysphoria or the moral equivalent to 9/11, like i really feel whether transition is good for someone comes down to considering 1. will you pass and 2. will you be happy even if you don't pass. and if the answer to both of these is "no" then you probably shouldn't transition. idk!
R: 25 / I: 5

Zohranism or the Vanguard of the Petite-Bourgeoisie

Zohran Mamdani and his acolytes are the vanguard of the mom&pop petite-bourgeoisie. Ethnically Indian, Ugandan born, NYC raised: the archetype of the small-business rootless cosmopolitan. He does not oppose big corporations with a view of nationalising them under a worker-led state. He opposes big corporations because they drive his beloved small food truck and small peddlers out of business. Zohran hates Wall Street not because he wants a Proletarian New York, but because he wants an Oriental Bazaar New York. He loves the mass of decentralised spice traders, snake oil merchants, and empanada fryers. Zohran loves American Imperialism, he just wants the petite-bourgeoisie to have a larger share of the imperial spoils, instead of getting wiped out by the haute-bourgeoisie. Bernie killed Rosa, AOC dismembered her corpse, Zohran will distribute the body parts to his small merchant friends.
The only hope for communists in this election was Comrade Curtis Sliwa. But he was never going to survive the assault of the imperial-liberal youth of NYC. The American proletariat barely exists. Its brave last soldiers are heroically resisting, but they have already lost and soon will be exterminated.
R: 302 / I: 80
Why is leftypol not throwing massive support behind Mamdani?

No one believes heโ€™s an actual socialist, however his victory will be the most important victory of the American left of the past 90 years. Why? Because it shows the Zionist Lobby has NO POWER compared to the power of the MASSES OF PEOPLE and we can defeat the satanic Zionist entity not with a violent revolution but simply with voting. Nobody believes Mamdani is a perfect candidate but thatโ€™s not the point.

So why arenโ€™t we backing him en masse? His inevitable win will be the biggest blow to US-Zio imperialism in modern history.
R: 105 / I: 27

/CRISIS/

Today a very much of fictitious "value" was loss on them Wall StreetZ thx to Trumpfgd's tariff's on Choynah. The US A"I" conglomerate is a complete bubble. Laydowns going on in the US. Real estate market status in US: fugged.

Let's celebrate the impovireshment of the first world while China keeps rising! Please post them stonks & predictions.

This is a pro-eggplant/brinjal/aubergine ๐Ÿ† thread and also anti-tomato ๐Ÿ… thread. Please respexts these common sense sensibilities. Thx.
R: 74 / I: 17
Is DnD socialist? Is it a marxist game?
R: 14 / I: 1

Grazhdanskaya Oborona

It sucks not being Russian and being a fan of GrOb, like i love their music but their is no English spaces to talk about it, so it gets kinda boring. I hope this thread will allow people to talk about it, since its really underrated. (IM NOT A NAZBOL)
R: 203 / I: 17

/fglt/ - Friendly GNU/Linux Thread (leftypol edition)

(Copypasted from a previous 4chin /g/ thread as a foundation to making these generals on leftypol)
Users of all levels are welcome to ask questions about GNU/Linux and share their experiences.

* Please be civil, notice the "Friendly" in every Friendly GNU/Linux Thread *

Before asking for help, please check our list of resources.

If you would like to try out GNU/Linux you can do one of the following:
0) Install a GNU/Linux distribution of your choice in a Virtual Machine.
1) Use a live image and to boot directly into the GNU/Linux distribution without installing anything.
2) Dual boot the GNU/Linux distribution of your choice along with Windows or macOS.
3) Go balls deep and replace everything with GNU/Linux.

Resources: Please spend at least a minute to check a web search engine with your question.
*Many free software projects have active mailing lists.

$ man %command%
$ info %command%
$ %command% -h/–help
$ help %builtin/keyword%

Don't know what to look for?
$ apropos %something%

Check the Wikis (most troubleshoots work for all distros):
https://wiki.archlinux.org
https://wiki.gentoo.org

/g/'s Wiki on GNU/Linux:
https://igwiki.lyci.de/wiki/Category:GNU/Linux

>What distro should I choose?
https://igwiki.lyci.de/wiki/Babbies_First_Linux
>What are some cool programs?
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/list_of_applications
https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Main_Page
https://suckless.org/rocks/
>What are some cool terminal commands?
https://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/browse
https://cheat.sh/
>Where can I learn the command line?
https://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashGuide
https://www.grymoire.com/Unix/
>Where can I learn more about Free Software?
https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/philosophy.html
>How to break out of the botnet?
https://prism-break.org/en/categories/gnu-linux