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R: 200 / I: 108

/USApol/ ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ

๐Ÿ—ฝUNITED STATES POLITICS ๐Ÿฆ…
<Drain the swamp/Bubbagate edition

Thread for the blackest discussion related to the pedophile Hitlerite-Zionist clique of the American bourgeoisie and its iron grip upon the greatest bigliest country McGod ever gave Man on the face of the Earthโ„ข

๐Ÿˆ ๐Ÿ’ต ๐ŸŒญ ๐Ÿ”

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ Strike Tracker โš’๏ธ
https://striketracker.ilr.cornell.edu/

๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ Deeds of the Burger Reich ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
https://github.com/dessalines/essays/blob/main/us_atrocities.md

๐Ÿ“บ Factsโ„ข ๐Ÿ“บ
(sponsored by Eagle Burger Freedom Institute (previously USAID))
โ€ข CNN: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/cnn-news-usa.html
โ€ข MSNBC: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/msnbc.html
โ€ข FOX: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/fox-news-channel.html
โ€ข Bloomberg: https://www.bloomberg.com/live/us

Previous thread:
>>2560043
R: 8 / I: 1

News 11/14/25

Polish president seeks to have Communist Party of Poland outlawed
His move follows the recent collapse of a long-running attempt initiated by the former national-conservative (PiS) government to have the KPP outlawed. The presidentโ€™s office announced this week that, on 6 November, Nawrocki had submitted an application to the Constitutional Tribunal (TK), asking the court to determine that the KPP does not conform to the Polish constitution. In his justification for the request, Nawroocki argued that โ€œcommunist ideology is directed against fundamental human values โ€‹โ€‹and the traditions of European and Christian civilisationโ€. He noted that Poland itself โ€œwas and remains one of the greatest victims of communismโ€.
https://notesfrompoland.com/2025/11/14/polish-president-seeks-to-have-communist-party-of-poland-outlawed/

Google snubs EU request for self-imposed breakup
In its decision, the Commission concluded that Googleโ€™s abuse was a product of the โ€œinherent conflict of interestโ€ it has by owning such vast swaths of the infrastructure that powers online advertising. A spokesperson for the Commission confirmed in a statement that the EU executive had received Googleโ€™s proposal, and that it will now analyse the proposed measures.
https://www.politico.eu/article/google-snubs-eu-request-for-self-imposed-breakup/
https://archive.ph/OgM0z

Mahmood to unveil anti-migration measures modelled on Danish system
Mahmood is also expected to be preparing changes to human rights legislation to make it easier to deport people who cross the Channel in small boats. Changes would include requiring judges to prioritise public safety over migrantsโ€™ rights to a family life, or the risk that they would face โ€œinhumanโ€ treatment if returned to their home country, the Telegraph reported.
https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/nov/14/shabana-mahmood-changes-illigal-migration-danish-system

Greek dockworker faces prosecution for blocking arms shipment to Israel
News of Bekris facing legal prosecution came shortly after his return from the West Bank, where a delegation from the All-Workersโ€™ Militant Front (PAME) traveled to express support for Palestinian workers and trade unions.
https://peoplesdispatch.org/2025/11/14/greek-dockworker-faces-prosecution-for-blocking-arms-shipment-to-israel/

Twenty-five states funnelled oil to Israel during genocide: Report
The sharp drop in Brazil's exports to Israel has coincided with a surge in deliveries to the Sarroch refinery in Sardinia, along with a rise in refined products exported from the refinery to Israel. The report also found that 17 countries sent 152 shipments of nearly 3.3 million tonnes of refined petroleum products to Israel in the same period, with 45 percent of shipments coming from Russia. It also noted that the US sent nine shipments carrying 360,000 tonnes of JP-8 - a jet fuel blend used for military aircraft - as well as two shipments of diesel from Valeroโ€™s Bill Greehey Refinery in Corpus Christi, Texas.
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/twenty-five-states-funnelled-oil-israel-during-genocide-report

UN peacekeepers say Israel built walls inside Lebanese territory
UNIFIL said another section of the wall, southeast of Yaroun, also extends beyond the Blue Line. โ€œUNIFIL informed the [Israeli army] of our findings and requested that they move the walls,โ€ it said. In response to UNIFILโ€™s statement on Friday, the Israeli military told the AFP news agency that the wall โ€œis part of a broader plan whose construction began in 2022โ€.
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/11/14/un-peacekeepers-say-israel-built-walls-inside-lebanese-territory
https://archive.ph/yL9GN

South Africa to investigate โ€˜mysteriousโ€™ arrival of 153 Palestinians on plane
Details about how the group left Gaza remain elusive but the Gift of the Givers Foundation, a local nonprofit working in disaster response, said it was the second plane carrying Palestinians to land in South Africa in the last two weeks. โ€œThe Palestinians had no idea where they were bundled off to, only when in Kenya did they realise they were coming to South Africa. Some had visas for Canada, Australia and Malaysia, they were eventually permitted to leave for those countries,โ€ said Imtiaz Sooliman, the chair and founder of Gift of the Givers.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/nov/14/anger-south-africa-plane-palestinians-held-12-hours

Protesters block the main entrance to COP30 climate talks in Brazil
Munduruku leaders had a series of demands for Brazil. They included revoking plans for commercial development of rivers, canceling a grain railway project that has raised fears of deforestation and clearer demarcations of Indigenous territories. They also want a rejection of deforestation carbon credits.
https://apnews.com/article/climate-change-cop30-brazil-protest-indigenous-8b3e00085110627a989357434805f920

China is developing the worldโ€™s most ambitious network to transport its clean energy
Over the past five years, the total length of Chinaโ€™s UHV transmission lines has increased from 17,400 miles to more than 24,854, according to the latest figures from the National Energy Administration. The country currently has 45 UHV lines (one AC line at ยฑ1,100 kilovolts, 21 AC lines at 1,000 kilovolts, and 23 DC lines at ยฑ800 kilovolts). Beijing anticipates that by the end of 2025, the west-east transmission capacity will exceed 340 GW, a 25% increase over 2020, enough to power approximately 230 million Chinese households.
https://english.elpais.com/international/2025-11-14/china-is-developing-the-worlds-most-ambitious-network-to-transport-its-clean-energy.html
https://archive.ph/3lNOx

Socialist Party of Malaysia leaders arrested for opposing illegal home demolitions
Earlier this month, PSM and other organizations had appealed to the state to halt the demolition until alternative arrangements were made, as without such an arrangement over a hundred families would become homeless. However, the company resumed the demolition of all houses in the region on November 10, in complete violation of earlier promises and state assurances.
https://peoplesdispatch.org/2025/11/14/socialist-party-of-malaysia-leaders-arrested-for-opposing-illegal-home-demolitions/
R: 8 / I: 2
Why didn't you buy more Zapatista coffee?
R: 3 / I: 1
Rate my laptop, bros
R: 30 / I: 3

Azerbaijan Thread

What do you think about Azerbaijan,the president Ilham Aliyev,its geopolitics and future?
R: 577 / I: 108

/CYBERCOM/

This thread is for the discussion of cybercommunism, the planning of the socialist economy by computerized means, including discussions of related topics and creators. Drama belongs in /isg/

Reading
Towards a New Socialism by Paul Cockshott and Allin Cottrell: http://ricardo.ecn.wfu.edu/~cottrell/socialism_book/
Brain of the Firm by Stafford Beer
Cybernetic Revolutionaries by Eden Medina
Cybernetics: Or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine and The Human Use of Human Beings (1st edition) by Norbert Wiener
Economic cybernetics by Nikolay Veduta
People's Republic of Walmart by Leigh Phillips and Michal Rozworski
Red Plenty by Francis Spufford
Economics in kind, Total socialisation and A system of socialisation by Otto Neurath (Incommensurability, Ecology, and Planning: Neurath in the Socialist Calculation Debate by Thomas Uebel provides a summary)

Active writers/creators
Sorted by last name
>Paul Cockshott
https://www.patreon.com/williamCockshott/
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVBfIU1_zO-P_R9keEGdDHQ (https://invidious.snopyta.org/channel/UCVBfIU1_zO-P_R9keEGdDHQ)
https://paulcockshott.wordpress.com/
http://paulcockshott.co.uk/
https://twitter.com/PaulCockshott (https://nitter.pussthecat.org/PaulCockshott)
>Cibcom (Spanish)
https://cibcom.org/
https://twitter.com/cibcomorg (https://nitter.pussthecat.org/cibcomorg)
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCav9ad3TMuhiWV6yP5t2IpA (https://invidious.snopyta.org/channel/UCav9ad3TMuhiWV6yP5t2IpA)
>Tomas Hรคrdin
https://www.haerdin.se/tag/cybernetics.html
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5fDgA_eHleDiTLC5qb5g8w (https://invidious.snopyta.org/channel/UC5fDgA_eHleDiTLC5qb5g8w)
>Elena Veduta
http://www.strategplan.com/en/about/veduta.php
Various videos on YouTube but no channel of her own
>Dave Zachariah
https://www.it.uu.se/katalog/davza513
One video on Paul Cockshott's channel

Podcasts
>General Intellect Unit
Podcast of the Cybernetic Marxists
http://generalintellectunit.net/

Previous threads in chronological order
https://archive.is/uNCEY
https://web.archive.org/web/20201218152831/https://bunkerchan.xyz/leftypol/res/997358.html
https://archive.ph/uyggp
https://archive.is/xBFYY
https://archive.ph/Afx5a
https://archive.is/kAPvR
https://archive.is/0sAS2
https://archive.is/jXivP
R: 155 / I: 37

/leftybritpol/

"turns out conservatives and reactionaries are just dumb after all" edition.

news:
- Your Party is suing itself, more at 11.
- The SNP and Plaid are going to form a "progressive alliance" somehow
- The government's going to do a switcheroo by raising income tax slightly and cutting national insurance to balance it out. (But they won't - follow this to its logical conclusion and scrap NI entirely)
- They're also considering cutting VAT on energy bills (which is the least efficient way of lowering bills you can imagine)
- The board of deputies asked Aston Villa for free footy tickets. In a worrying sign of rising antisemitism, Aston said nah.
- Labour is falling behind the Greens in the opinion polls as their strategy of copying Reform drives away their already-begrudging supporters without winning over any Reform voting reprobates. Nobody could have predicted this.
R: 36 / I: 5

The structure of civil war and what emerges from it

Revolution almost always requires a brutal civil war so that a new society emerges from it. But the ideal of a new society never emerges immadietly after. We see it with the french revolution, and then the russian revolution. The american revolution seems like an exemption from this. Why is that?
R: 500 / I: 138

/ISG/ - Internet Spectacle General

A thread focused on discussing the parasocial relationships cultivated by the Almighty Algorithm to generate profit off of our atomization and society's commodification of petty internet drama.
Brace through the hyper-real lacanian void together!

Reminder That None of This Is Real!โ„ข
ษขส€แด€ส™ แด€ แด˜แด€ษชส€ แด๊œฐ sแด˜แด‡แด„แด›แด€แด„สŸแด‡s

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

CORE THEORY
>The Society of the Spectacle (1967) by Guy Debord
๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/debord/society.htm
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0blWjssVoUQ

<The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction (1936) by Walter Benjamin

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/benjamin.htm
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=blq9sCIyXgA

>The Culture Industry from Dialectic of Enlightenment (1944) by Theodore Adorno & Max Horkheimer

๐Ÿ““ โ€ข https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/adorno/1944/culture-industry.htm
๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://libcom.org/article/dialectic-enlightenment-philosophical-fragments-theodor-adorno-and-marx-horkheimer
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hSLdd8R8mY

<Understanding Media (1964) by Marshall McLuhan

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://designopendata.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/understanding-media-mcluhan.pdf
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09ML9n5f1fE

>One-Dimensional Man (1964) by Herbert Marcuse

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://libcom.org/article/one-dimensional-man-studies-ideology-advanced-industrial-society-herbert-marcuse
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZCoLbEkAqs

<Discipline and Punish (1975) by Michel Foucault

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/michel-foucault-discipline-and-punishment
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s82uU4iRuko

>Simulacra and Simulation (1981) by Jean Baudrillard

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://dn720006.ca.archive.org/0/items/baudrillard.-1970.-the-consumer-society/Baudrillard.1981.Simulacra-and-Simulation.pdf
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Yxg2_6_YLs

<Manufacturing Consent (1988) by Edward S. Herman & Noam Chomsky

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://libcom.org/article/manufacturing-consent-political-economy-mass-media-noam-chomsky-and-edward-s-herman
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34LGPIXvU5M

>The Sublime Object of Ideology (1989) by Slavoj Zizek

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://altexploit.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/slavoj-zizek-the-sublime-object-of-ideology-second-edition-the-essential-zizek-2009.pdf
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TtIckkHsUQ4

<Postscript on the Societies of Control (1990) by Gilles Deleuze

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/gilles-deleuze-postscript-on-the-societies-of-control
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hu4Cq_-bLlY

>Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (1991) by Fredric Jameson

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://www.are.na/block/4114741
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4k26xGx1zI

<Spectres of Marx (1993) by Jacques Derrida

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://libcom.org/library/specters-marx-jacques-derrida
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJr0NwXWb6Q

>Capitalist Realism (2009) by Mark Fisher

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://libcom.org/article/capitalist-realism-mark-fisher
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Cb5XJH4NMI

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

>Precursor Material to Post-modernity and Critical Theory

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข Karl Marx - Book 1, Chapter 4 of Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts (1844)
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/labour.htm
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข Why Marx Was Right: Alienation - PlasticPills
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPRxxN4Kh30

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข Georg Lukรกcs - Chapter 4 of History and Class Consciousness (1923)
https://www.marxists.org/archive/lukacs/works/history/hcc05.htm
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข Marxism After Marx: Reification - The Marxist Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZiI-QKxBKI

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข Antonio Gramsci - Book 1, Chapter 1 of Selections from the Prison Notebooks (1929)
https://www.marxists.org/archive/gramsci/prison_notebooks/problems/intellectuals.htm
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข Hegemony: WTF? An introduction to Gramsci and cultural hegemony - Tom Nicholas
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-LI_2-qsovo

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข Louis Althusser - Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (1970)
https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/althusser/1970/ideology.htm
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข Althusser's Concept of Ideology: A Discussion with Anthony Gavin - Acid Horizon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtOqXxkKwvw


<Documentaries

โ€ข The Society of the Spectacle (1974) by Guy Debord
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjF6I6SYjgA

โ€ข Manufacturing Consent (1992) by Mark Achbar & Peter Wintonick, with Noam Chomsky
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Li2m3rvsO0I

โ€ข The Pervert's Guide to Cinema (2006) and The Pervert's Guide to Ideology (2012) by Sophie Fiennes, with Slavoj Zizek
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYuI4SFw4g0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBcFLmu_tlc

โ€ข HyperNormalisation (2016) by Adam Curtis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bv3Tr3jvZM&rco


>Easy-Bake Breadtube (for absolute beginners)

โ€ข We're All Fake Now - Wisecrack
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTW1mPOJJ_Y

โ€ข Are Cell Phones Replacing Reality? - PBS Idea Channel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AXIAM7dTTg

โ€ข The Cultural Significance of Cyberpunk - Cuck Philosophy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nvor7hhDKTs

โ€ข Introduction to Critical Theory for the 21st Century - Nathan Dufour
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7stVZPGxIw

โ€ข The Work of Art in the Age of Surveillance Capitalism - Brendan Morris
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNKiBJJFXZI


<Situationist Archives

โ€ข https://situationist.org/
โ€ข https://notbored.org/SI.html
โ€ข https://bopsecrets.org/SI/index.htm

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

RECOMMENDED OP-EDS
โ€ข I Donโ€™t Want to Be an Internet Person by Ginevra Davis
https://www.palladiummag.com/2022/11/04/i-do-not-want-to-be-an-internet-person/

โ€ข Pluralistic: Tiktok's enshittification by Cory Doctorow
https://pluralistic.net/2023/01/21/potemkin-ai/#hey-guys

โ€ข Facebook's Threads is so depressing by Jason O. Gilbert
https://jogblog.substack.com/p/facebooks-threads-is-so-depressing
R: 70 / I: 16

/ukr/ - Russia-Ukraine War General #269

Money is very funny in a Banderite world edition.

Previous: >>2540767

Evidence of the influence and origin of neo-Nazi groups in Ukraine

https://archive.ph/44B9Q
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323637
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323658
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323663
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323688
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323729
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323733
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323731
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323735
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323740
https://azovlobby.substack.com/
https://banderalobby.substack.com/

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

ALWAYS APPROACH SOURCES CRITICALLY

Live maps and updates
DeepStateMap: https://deepstatemap.live
Events in Ukraine: https://eventsinukraine.substack.com/
SouthFront: https://southfront.press/category/all-articles/world/europe/ukraine/

Watch Together
๐Ÿ“บ News/events: https://tv.leftypol.org/r/HappeningsviaKlash
๐Ÿ“บ Hangout/chill: https://tv.leftypol.org/r/bloodcast

Watch By Yourself
>Video Essays / Historical Background
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข Ukraine: The Avoidable War - Boy Boy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LL4eNy4FCs8

๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข Ukraine's Nazi Problem - The Marxist Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4yZvWAwU5W4

๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข America, Russia, and Ukraine's Far Right - Gravel Institute
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0pyVJG7_6Q

๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข The Nature of Putin's Russia and Its Causes (3-Part Series) - 1Dime
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8d6Vzi7zYg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zODWTfMwFGw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Zuygh9Mzuo

<Current Happenings

๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข The Grayzone: https://www.youtube.com/@thegrayzone7996
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข DDGeopolitics: https://www.youtube.com/@DDGeopolitics
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข Defense Politics Asia: https://www.youtube.com/@DefensePoliticsAsia
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข The Duran: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdeMVChrumySxV9N1w0Au-w
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข The News Atlas: https://www.youtube.com/c/thenewatlas
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข Military Summary: https://www.youtube.com/@militarysummary

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

Social media
>Twitter
https://twitter.com/GeromanAT
https://twitter.com/plnewstoday
https://twitter.com/RALee85
https://twitter.com/MarQs__
https://twitter.com/KofmanMichael
https://twitter.com/IntelCrab
https://twitter.com/michaelh992
https://twitter.com/Suriyakmaps

<Telegram

https://t.me/milinfolive
https://t.me/hueviykharkov
https://t.me/conflictzone
https://t.me/vorposte
https://t.me/intelslava
https://t.me/grey_zone
https://t.me/AussieCossack
https://t.me/asbmil
https://t.me/Slavyangrad

๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ฆ
Thread guidelines:
โ€ข Please remember to add a spoiler to NSFW and extreme content such as graphic violence and gore.
โ€ข Try your best to not derail discussion too much from the main events and relevant places where the war is taken place, as well as other happenings, groups and public figures related to it.
โ€ข Meta discussion of the historical, philosophical and ideological background of the war is fine as long as its done in good faith and comradely.
โ€ข In the event the meta discussion overstays its welcome, participating users will be referred to take the conversation to the INTERNATIONALISM general thread.
โ€ข Quality shitposting and original content is encouraged! Spamming glowie memes is low effort.
โ€ข this is /ISG/ for people who treats geopolitics like shitty map games
โ€ข behead NATO, crush NATO, etc.
R: 334 / I: 129

Hazbin Hotel

How do you feel about it (and its creator)?
also please spam Charlie pics
R: 37 / I: 9
Are anons of /siberia/ embarrassed of having boyfriends?
R: 276 / I: 41

/europol/

Starting this thread and hopefully it stays a general. There's no thread dedicated to the EVROPA and what happens here.

everal European countries are currently reevaluating their military conscription policies, with some, like Croatia, having recently decided to reinstate it. Regarding pension reforms, the debate is also active, with France serving as a prominent example where a recent reform is facing political opposition and proposed suspension.
>Croatia.
Parliament voted in October 2025 to bring back a 2-month compulsory service starting in 2026.
>Germany
The government is moving toward a "new military service" model starting with a mandatory digital questionnaire for young men from 2027, with the potential for mandatory conscription if needed.
>Denmark
Expanding to include women from July 2025. Service is selected via a lottery system from the pool of eligible 18-year-olds.
>Latvia
Reintroduced in 2023. All men between 18 and 27 must serve for 11 months.

Concurrently, pension reform is trying to be pushed in Belgium, France, Bosnia and Slovenia (that I know of). All want to raise the retirement age and lower pensions low term.

Serbia has a rebellion going on for almost a year.

Is there anything else happening?
R: 6 / I: 5

Why communist no wear military uniform anymore

Why did communists abandon wearing badass military uniforms in favor of bourgeois suit and ties?!?!
(I donโ€™t know know if it is accurate to refer to Mao Suits and Stalin Tunicโ€™s and โ€œMilitary uniformsโ€ so if Iโ€™m wrong please shut the fuck up because you know what I mean)
What a lame downgrade, I know that this is just opinion and what someone wears is nowhere near as consequential as theyโ€™re actions but still, suits just look so lame compared to military uniforms and itโ€™s such a shame that they have been abandoned, yeah sometimes a leader will wear on there is a military parade or something but still the only communist leader who is seen wearing a military uniform more than they are not is Kim Jong Un. But still I think I know why they stopped and itโ€™s because fascist dictators also wore military uniforms like for example Hitler, แด‰uแด‰lossnW, or Ion Antonescu, so the visuals of the military uniform helped libs in their effort to try to conflate communism and fascism so in order to appeal to the west NiKKKita KKKhruSShchev decided to dress like a CEO causing military uniform to stop being worn in Non-Maoist communist countries with a few notable exceptions.
R: 45 / I: 3
I feel like such a failure as gay guy. the only thing other gay people seem to talk about is sex, yet im 19 and still havent ever experienced sex. I havent even ever been able to get a boyfriend. I cant relate at all to all the things other gays talk about because of how I have no experience. It makes me feel so pathetic and out of place in any online gay community.
R: 305 / I: 50

Sex and Relationships General #54

Previous thread >>708795
R: 101 / I: 18

Iran Water Crisis

I canโ€™t be the only comrade worried about this.

Iran, which has been at the forefront of fighting Zionism and global imperialism, may have to relocate millions of people from Tehran in the next few weeks as the capital city faces a massive water crisis. Tehran is running out of water and the only option the government has is to move its people. Iran may very well have to establish a new capital city closer to a water source. This means spending a ton of money the country doesnโ€™t have.

But it doesnโ€™t stop there. The West and the Zios are already taking advantage of this looming disaster. Once Iran is in a state of crisis the CIA will certainly fund a new colour revolution to overthrow the revolutionary Islamic government and replace it with a western puppet, most likely the ousted Shahโ€™s son. The Zionist entity is mocking Iran and โ€œofferingโ€ desalinization plants in exchange that the revolutionary government sell out the Palestinian people and recognize the Zionist settler-colony as โ€œlegitimate.โ€ This is disgusting. So far, no one else is offering Iran any aid, not even China.

I fear for both the people of Iran and the state of global anti-imperialism because of this.
R: 110 / I: 87

Big 2d booba #2

Electric boogaloo edition

ITT: lovely anime tits but the thread isnt full anymore

body was too shawty body was too shawty body was too shawty body was too shawty body was too shawty body was too shawty
R: 11 / I: 4

dear europoors

>my face when you call fries "chippies"
>my face when you call sweaters "pull overs"
>my face when you call drive-by's "lorry shooties"
>my when you call potomacatian crab rangoons "dumplings"
>my face when you call spanking the marshall "masturbation"
>my face when you call benedict style bashNdash "shanking with a knife"
>my face when you call darn knocks up the mashers "toothache"
>my face when you call fizzly candle-sticks "dynamites"
>my face when you call bleedin' smith and wesson boom kisses "gunshot wounds"
>my face when you call hunkpapa eatin' hounds "bulldogs"
>my face when you call jeramaiah ranch "cum"
>my face when you call samoan greetings "grappling"
>my face when you call hog feed stuffin "vore"
>my face when you call the jayhawk bushwhacking victor charlie tactics "guerilla warfare"
R: 18 / I: 3

Where marxist material analysis fails

How can Marxists explain why India is so filthy and unhygienic from material analysis? It's not even just slums that are like this but almost all of India expect for a few pockets of gated communities. A lot of poor countries in the middle east reeling from the ravages of war or even fucking sri lanka looks better in comparison. At the end of the day you can't explain this phenomenon without discussing cultural elements. Maybe those cultural elements are rooted in remote history but we don't know and we can never be sure and even if that's true they don't help us fix the issue in the present. Some argue it's cause the local municipal governments are underfunded and understaffed in India compared to countries like china but that's true for sri lanka/thailand too and doesn't explain why Indians themselves willingly shit up their public spaces.
R: 14 / I: 4
/lgbt/, Iโ€™m depressed. Say something pro-trans
The body was too short Initially available only in English, Wikipedia exists in over 340 languages and is the world's ninth most visited website. The English Wikipedia, with over 7 million articles, remains the largest of the editions, which together comprise more than 65 million articles and attract more than 1.5 billion unique device visits and 13 million edits per month (about 5 edits per second on average) as of April 2024.
R: 3 / I: 0

/vic3 terminal stage cancer edition/

so is vic 3 finally dead. Looking at the player count, things aint looking good

The body was too short The body was too shortThe body was too shortThe body was too shortThe body was too shortThe body was too shortThe body was too shortThe body was too shortThe body was too shortThe body was too shortThe body was too short
R: 62 / I: 9

Why has zoomer leftist propaganda simply resorted to copying the alt-right?

*This is mainly targeted towards zoomers on TikTok

Practically all leftist "propaganda edits" have been filtered towards slop copies of whatever the far right has been doing for the past few years;

The right starts making little dark age edits with World War 2 movies? The left copies that, only changing it from the German sided perspective to the Soviet,

The right starts putting shitty statistics over nature scenarios with nightcore blasting through? The left copies it, only changing the statistic and adding a ushanka to the retarded greek statue reaction image,

The right starts doing Agartha/Hyperborea edits? The left copies it, only changing the symbolism from the Black Sun to Red Shambhala (And yes, I know the whole Red Shambhala thing is supposed to be a parody of that),

What the fuck are we doing in that department? Any suggestions?
R: 170 / I: 156

Post Here Every Time You Visit This Board

Post something when ever you visit this board.
Also post Teto
R: 331 / I: 112
/PRC/ People's Republic of China 17
>Taking the grillpill aboard Tiangong.
Original threads:
https://archive.ph/S2XYA
https://archive.ph/Ytckv

leftypol.org archives:
https://archive.is/https://leftypol.org/leftypol/res/30501.html

bunekrchan.xyz archives:
https://archive.is/https://bunkerchan.xyz/leftypol/res/8925.html
https://archive.is/yrBUN
https://archive.is/pCecr
previous thread: >>2532063
R: 118 / I: 104

Post Her Every time You Visit This Board

โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ คโ คโ คโ „โฃ€โ „โ „โ „โ ฑโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ โ ‚โข„โข˜โกพโ คโ โ ’โ ’โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ ’โ  โข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โข„โ „โ โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โ โฃถโฃ„โ „โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ คโ ถโ ถโ ฆโฃผโฃฟโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ’โ ’โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก€โ  โ „โ ’โ ’โ ’โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ žโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก€โ „โ ‚โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ โ ƒโข€โกดโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โก โ ‚โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โกผโขโ ”โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  โ šโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ‰โ ปโขฆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ „โข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃพโกทโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‘โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‘โข„โฃ€โกโ „โขถโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃพโกฟโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ขโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ ฐโฃโขทโฃ€โก˜โฃƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃพโฃฟโ ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ ˆโ ชโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข‚โ „โ นโฃฏโกฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโ ‹โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโกƒโ „โ  โ โ „โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ „โ „โฃคโ ‹โ „โ ‰โ  โ œโฃ„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขกโฃฐโฃฝโฃฟโฃŒโขปโฃงโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโ ‡โกฐโ โ „โ „โ „โกŽโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข‚โ „โ „โขปโก€โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ชโก€โ „โ „โ „โฃดโฃฃโ „โ „โ „โ „โฃปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโกปโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โก€โ „โ „โ „โข€โกดโ โกดโขโฃ€โฃคโก„โ „โก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโข‚โ „โ „โ ฑโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโข€โ „โ „โขฐโฃฟโฃงโ „โ „โ „โ ˜โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃปโกฟโ „โ „โฃ โ Žโข€โฃžโข โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โฃธโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โฃ†โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ณโก€โ „โ ˜โข†โ „โ „โ „โฃคโฃฝโฃฏโ „โ ธโ Ÿโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โกŸโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโกทโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ฟโฃฟโฃปโ ‚โ „โ „โฃฟโฃคโ Ÿโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โ ฟโ ฟโขณโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โก€โ „โ „โก„โ „โ ™โขฆโก€โขธโก‡โ „โ „โ ™โ žโ Œโก€โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขกโ „โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃถโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃผโฃŸโขฟโฃปโ „โ ‘โ Ÿโก€โ „โข€โกผโ ƒโ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ Ÿโขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ˆโ „โ „โขƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโก‡โ „โ „โฃฟโ „โ „โ „โ ™โขพโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก‡โ „โขธโก€โ „โข€โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโก€โ „โขฟโฃฟโ ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โกโฃฟโขฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ ˆโขฃโฃคโกพโ โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ ธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโฃ€โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ †โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃพโฃทโก€โขฐโ ‡โขƒโ „โ „โ „โ โก‰โ ›โ ถโฃคโฃคโกดโ ƒโ „โขธโก‡โ „โขธโฃฆโก€โ „โ „โ โ „โ ธโกฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ‡โฃฟโฃฟโขฟโ „โ „โฃฐโฃ„โ ˜โกŒโฃ†โ „โข โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก†โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโก„โ „โ „โ „โข€โก€โฃธโกŸโฃฟโก‡โฃผโ „โ ˆโขถโฃ„โ „โ „โฃทโ „โก†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก‡โ „โขธโฃฟโฃทโก„โ „โ โ „โ „โก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขกโฃฟโฃฟโขธโก‡โ „โฃนโฃฟโฃงโ นโฃนโก†โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃพโฃฟโกโกŽโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ ธโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ฐโก„โ „โข€โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโ ƒโฃฟโฃทโกโ „โ „โ ˆโขฟโฃ†โ „โฃฟโฃงโฃทโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก‡โ „โกผโ ›โขฟโฃฟโก„โ „โก„โ „โขฑโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โกฟโฃฟโ „โฃฟโก€โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃ†โฃนโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โขƒโ „โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โฃนโฃพโฃ„โข€โ „โ „โข โฃฟโฃทโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโกโ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃƒโฃ€โฃ€โ  โ ฌโขฟโฃงโฃฟโกฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฐโก‡โ „โ ƒโ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโก„โก‡โ „โกŒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโฃฟโกŸโ „โขธโฃงโขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโฃฟโฃฟโ พโ ถโ คโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก€โ ‰โ ™โฃฟโฃถโฃฆโก€โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ —โ šโฃฟโกโ ‰โข€โฃ€โฃ โฃ„โฃˆโขฟโฃฟโก—โขปโฃฟโก€โ „โ „โ „โขธโก‡โก˜โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโ ‰โฃฏโ „โข โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขปโก‡โ „โ „โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ธโฃฟโฃฆโ คโฃคโฃฌโฃ†โกปโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โขนโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ คโฃฐโฃฟโกฟโ ฟโ ›โฃปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโขฟโฃทโ ‚โขฟโฃ‡โ „โ „โ „โฃผโขกโ ƒโข€โข€โฃพโฃฟโก†โก‡โ  โ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโก‡โ „โ „โ ˆโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ˜โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโ ‡โ „โข โฃจโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ„โ „โ โขฟโฃฟโกฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ ˆโกšโ ‰โ „โ „โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโกŸโ โ ปโ „โฃธโฃฟโก€โ „โข€โฃฟโกพโก โ ‚โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกทโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขฟโฃฟโก€โ ˆโขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกปโขŽโ „โ „โ „โ ปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกปโ ปโฃฟโฃงโ ˆโก„โ ™โขฟโกˆโ ปโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ›โ ›โ ‰โ ‰โ ˆโ „โ „โฃธโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โขธโฃฟโกฟโ โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ Ÿโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขปโก‡โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฎโกโ „โ „โ ˆโ ‰โ ‰โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ™โขทโฃ”โก€โ „โ ฑโก€โ ˆโขฟโฃฟโฃงโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ œโฃ‹โกผโฃฟโฃฟโข€โฃฟโ ‹โข€โฃพโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ‹โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโกคโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ฒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โข‡โ ‘โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โฃ”โขตโฃพโ Ÿโข€โฃฟโฃฟโฃผโฃโฃดโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ Ÿโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโฃฏโฃทโฃขโฃ„โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ คโ šโ ‰โฃฐโ Ÿโขโฃดโฃฟโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโขฆโกˆโ ‰โ ‰โ ‰โ „โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ œโฃกโกดโ Ÿโ ‹โขโฃดโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฏโฃคโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃโก’โขคโฃ€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  โฃ„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃฐโ •โข›โก‰โ คโ โ šโ ›โ ›โ ›โ ปโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขจโฃฟโกŸโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกทโ ฆโ ญโ ดโ ฆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  โขฐโฃ’โฃญโ ”โ ‰โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ™โ Ÿโ ขโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขปโก‡โ โฃปโฃฟโฃฟโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃคโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ ถโ ถโ ถโ ถโ „โ „โ „โ ‚โ ˆโขกโกžโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ณโ „โ โขฟโฃฟโก†โ ™โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃฆโฃ€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  โขดโ Ÿโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ปโฃทโ „โ „โ ™โข›โกฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโขฟโฃทโกฆโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โกŸโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‘โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ชโกปโฃฟโฃ†โ ™โ ฟโก†โ ˆโ ‰โ Šโ ‘โข„โก€โ „โ „โฃ€โฃคโฃพโ ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขฆโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โ ปโก†โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‰โฃฝโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขฟโก€โ „โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ฟโฃทโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โกดโฃžโฃฟโฃญโฃ›โฃถโฃ„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโก„โ ˆโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ปโฃทโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฐโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโฃฃโกฝโฃ†โ „โ  โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃžโ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโข„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขนโฃ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโกฟโ ฟโข›โฃฟโฃฏโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โก€โ „โ „โขนโฃฟโกœโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โข‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก€โฃฝโฃฟโก†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โขทโฃ โกฟโ ™โ ‹โ ™โ ›โฃฟโ ƒโฃคโฃธโ ƒโ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโก˜โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ กโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ โขŽโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโกฝโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โ ณโ ถโ ถโ ถโข›โฃกโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃถโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โ ”โ ˆโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโขธโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโ ฟโ ›โ ฟโ ฟโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโขณโฃฆโฃ„โฃ€โก€โ „โ  โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  โ ’โ ‰โ „โ „โฃธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโฃฟโฃ†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โ ‰โ ›โ ›โ ›โ ฏโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ „โ ธโฃฏโฃ†โ „โข โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ „โฃ โฃ„โ ˜โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ โฃพโฃฟโกŸโขโ Ÿโ „โ „โ „โ นโฃฟโก”โฃฟโฃ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃŸโฃฟโฃฏโขงโ „โ „โฃฟโก‰โ „โ †โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ โฃพโฃŸโกฝโ ‹โ „โฃทโ „โ „โ „โข€โ ”โ ™โขฅโกฟโ Ÿโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกพโฃฟโฃพโก€โ „โฃฟโฃ‡โ „โข โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ โฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โฃฟโ „โ „โก„โ โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขฑโฃ†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃปโฃฟโก‡โ „โขนโฃฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ฐโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโฃฟโฃ†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโ „โขธโฃฟโก‡โ „โ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โ „โ „โขธโ „โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ ˆโฃฟโฃ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃพโขซโกฝโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โฃฐโฃฐโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขปโฃฟโฃงโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‰โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ ขโ ˆโก†โ „โข„โข€โ ผโ ฟโฃฟโฃทโก™โ ปโฃฟโ ƒโ „โ „โ ‹โข€โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โขฟโฃทโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขนโฃฟโฃฟโก†โ „โขธโฃฟโ „โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โขคโฃ„โ คโ „โ „โ ˆโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโก€โกŒโ „โข โ ถโขโกโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โขทโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃ โฃดโ พโ ปโขฟโก†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โขธโฃฟโก‡โก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฐโฃคโ „โขโฃ’โ ถโฃ”โข„โ „โ „โ ˆโ ฃโข„โ „โ „โฃธโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโ Ÿโ „โข โขกโ ฃโกฒโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฃโ „โ „โข€โฃดโกฟโกŸโ ฟโ „โ „โ ˜โฃ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโ „โขธโฃฟโฃทโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ ‹โกŸโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‘โข•โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‘โขพโขฟโ ˆโ ฟโ ƒโ „โข€โฃฃโขฃโกตโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโข‡โ ฐโ ฟโ ‹โ กโ „โ „โ ‚โ „โ „โฃฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก โ †โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ณโฃฌโฃ€โฃ„โฃ€โก โ ›โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โ ‰โ „โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ †โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก†โขธโฃฟโฃฟโ ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โก โ โก€โข„โ „โ „โ „โ นโฃฟโฃฟโ ‹โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โก„โข‚โ „โ „โ „โข€โก€โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โขธโ Ÿโขฟโขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ฐโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  โ „โ โ ˜โ “โ „โ ˆโ ‰โ ‰โ ‰โ ฐโ „โ „โ ˜โขนโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโก€โ ขโก€โ „โ ธโ ‹โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โ ธโ „โ ˆโ ˜โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขƒโ „โ ฐโ ธโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขณโ „โ โข„โ „โ „โ „โ „โก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ „โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข„โฃ€โ „โ „โ „โขโฃ โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โ  โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขงโ „โ „โข‚โ „โ „โ „โขฐโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโ ƒโข€โฃ€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ‰โ šโ ›โ ฟโ โกโ „โ „โ „โก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โ „โ „โ „โขƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃ†โ „โ „โข‚โ „โ „โ ธโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ƒโ ˜โข‚โ ˜โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ „โก„โ ‡โข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก€โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโข„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ „โข†โ „โ „โข‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฐโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ พโ †โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โกฐโฃถโฃคโฃ„โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ ปโ „โ ˆโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃทโฃ„โ „โ „โ ˆโ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฐโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ ธโก„โ „โ „โ „โฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ จโขทโฃดโกพโก‰โ ปโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ‚โฃ โ ƒโก†โ „โ „โ ˜โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โขนโฃฟโ ƒโฃฅโก€โ „โ „โ ‘โข„โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โก โขพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃƒโ „โ „โฃฐโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก™โ ปโ ฆโฃโกปโ ‹โฃ โฃพโ โกฐโ โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โข†โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ„โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขฒโฃคโฃ„โฃ€โฃ€โก€โก€โฃ€โฃ€โฃ โฃคโ –โ ‰โ „โ „โ นโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ  โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ นโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ žโ โ „โ „โก€โกดโก‡โ „โ ‘โขคโก€โ „โ ˜โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ™โ ›โกฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ›โ ›โ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ›โฃฟโฃถโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโ „โ „โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โฃ€โก€โข€โกฟโ  โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโกโ ‡โ „โ „โฃธโฃฟโฃถโกคโฃทโกŸโขฟโฃฟโขฟโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ›โ ‰โขฆโฃ€โกธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โขนโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโฃปโ โ กโ โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โขธโขโ „โ „โข โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโ โฃฟโ โ „โ ปโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ „โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ „โ „โ  โข
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก โ „โขฐโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ›โ Ÿโ ‰โ โขƒโก”โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โกˆโ „โข โกžโขธโฃฟโฃฟโ „โกโ „โ „โ „โฃญโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃคโฃคโฃคโฃถโฃถโฃถโ ถโ ’โฃ€โ „โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ ˜โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโก†โขกโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ  โฃชโ Ÿโ „โ „โข€โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ „โฃฟโก‡โ ธโขŸโ โ „โ ‡โ „โ „โ „โขปโฃฟโ ถโ „โ „โ „โก โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โฃ โกคโขพโ ฟโขฟโฃ›โฃ›โฃปโฃ‹โ „โฃ โฃพโฃฟโก‡โ ˜โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ นโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ †โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโฃฟโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โฃ†โ „โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‚โ กโ šโ โ „โ „โก โ โ „โ ฐโ „โ „โ ˆโ „โขธโฃฟโฃฅโฃ„โก‚โ คโข€โ ˜โฃ„โ „โ „โฃฐโ ƒโ „โ „โข”โฃˆโก โ คโ „โ ’โฃ‚โฃ‰โฃฅโฃคโฃถโฃถโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ โก โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ „โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โ „โ „โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโก˜โข†โ  โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โก€โ „โ „โ „โข€โ ƒโ „โข โ „โ „โฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃฆโฃคโฃฟโ ƒโ  โ โก โฃ‚โฃญโฃคโฃถโฃถโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโข‹โ คโ Šโ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโ „โ „โ ˆโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ„โ „โ „โ ˆโ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ฑโก€โขฃโ โ „โ „โ „โ ’โ ‚โ „โ ‰โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โ พโขฑโก€โ ˜โ „โข€โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ  โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ โ Šโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ†โ „โ „โ ˆโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃถโฃ„โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ป
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โฃธโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก โ โ „โ „โฃทโฃผโฃ‡โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโ ›โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โขฐโก†โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ฟโ ›โ ‹โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ „โ ธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃถโฃ„โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ฃโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โฃ€โ คโ Šโ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โขนโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ ˜โก‡โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโกŸโ ‹โ ‰โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขนโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ „โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃถโฃ„โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ฉโ ‰โ ‰โ ‰โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฐโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ บโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โฃทโ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ‹โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ ˆโขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃโ ˆโ ™โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ˆโ ปโ ‡โ „โฃฟโ „โ ™โ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ Ÿโ ›โ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โกŒโ ˜โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ„โ „โ „โ ปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฆโก€โ ™โฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โขปโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ฐโ „โ „โ ˜โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฆโ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃ˜โฃฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ ‡โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃง
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ „โข โกฟโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โกˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ›โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโ „โ „โขโ Ÿโ ‘โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ จโขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ‹โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โขฃโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโ Ÿโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โกฟโ ƒโ „โข โก–โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ขโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ Œโ „โ „โขฐโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟ
R: 181 / I: 25

/QTDDTOT/ Questions That Don't Deserve Their Own Thread

Previous thread: >>2177902

Dump all the seemingly pointless, dubious, and frivolous questions that don't deserve their own shitty threads.

Got a question that's probably been asked a million times before? You're in the right landfill, buddy. Post it here.

Threads that otherwise might go in here will eventually find themselves become merged to this thread.
R: 12 / I: 3

/lolg/ league of legends general

Anyone still playing the game? For me swiftplay kinda saved it. Only fun mode to play right now, wish they would just return twisted treeline.
What champs and modes do you guys prefer?

Anyway, alk about the game
R: 4 / I: 5
Please be real.
R: 32 / I: 11

/brg/ - Brazil General

EDIร‡รƒO AJURICABA
"Ajuricaba foi um importante lรญder dos povos indรญgenas da Amazรดnia. Este cacique dos indรญgenas Manรกos liderou as tribos do Rio Negro na guerra contra os colonialistas portugueses na terceira dรฉcada do sรฉculo XVIII"
"Preso, ele seria conduzido a Belรฉm para julgamento. Mas, mesmo acorrentado, lanรงou-se nas รกguas do Amazonas, para resistir ร  prisรฃo."
O covil dos webcomunas no Brasil
รšltimo fio: >>12708
R: 318 / I: 84
Why is leftypol not throwing massive support behind Mamdani?

No one believes heโ€™s an actual socialist, however his victory will be the most important victory of the American left of the past 90 years. Why? Because it shows the Zionist Lobby has NO POWER compared to the power of the MASSES OF PEOPLE and we can defeat the satanic Zionist entity not with a violent revolution but simply with voting. Nobody believes Mamdani is a perfect candidate but thatโ€™s not the point.

So why arenโ€™t we backing him en masse? His inevitable win will be the biggest blow to US-Zio imperialism in modern history.
R: 20 / I: 3
Why oppose the eugenics? Democratize the superior genes. Distribute them. Seize the means of superior reproduction.


And no Iโ€™m not talking about making everyone blonde and blue eyed. Iโ€™m talking about making everyone smart, less greedy, more social, less criminally inclined, less prone to psychopathy and schizophrenia and more disease resistant in general.


China does eugenics and so should you.
R: 43 / I: 10

Sudan and the RSF

Interested to see if we have any contrarians here who can explain why the RSF is good and anti-imperialist actually. They're secular and portrayed as the bad guys in western media, so they're probably the good guys?
R: 243 / I: 245

banners

There are some new banners at >>212019

Can you guys please add?
R: 5 / I: 0

PragerU out of context

I clipped PragerU videos out of context to make them either sound based or nonsensical, and I hope you can tell which one is which, also if it seems boring at first donโ€™t click off, just skip to one minute in.
R: 621 / I: 215 (full)

/USApol/ ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ

๐Ÿ—ฝUNITED STATES POLITICS ๐Ÿฆ…
<MAGA edition

Thread for the blackest discussion related to the pedophile Hitlerite-Zionist clique of the American bourgeoisie and its iron grip upon the greatest bigliest country McGod ever gave Man on the face of the Earthโ„ข

๐Ÿˆ ๐Ÿ’ต ๐ŸŒญ ๐Ÿ”

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ Strike Tracker โš’๏ธ
https://striketracker.ilr.cornell.edu/

๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ Deeds of the Burger Reich ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
https://github.com/dessalines/essays/blob/main/us_atrocities.md

๐Ÿ“บ Factsโ„ข ๐Ÿ“บ
(sponsored by Eagle Burger Freedom Institute (previously USAID))
โ€ข CNN: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/cnn-news-usa.html
โ€ข MSNBC: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/msnbc.html
โ€ข FOX: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/fox-news-channel.html
โ€ข Bloomberg: https://www.bloomberg.com/live/us

Previous thread:
>>2558777
R: 257 / I: 53

/rus/ - Russia General

Thread โ„–2

ะŸะตั€ะตะผะพะถะฝั‹ะน, ะฟะตั€ะตะณะพะฒะพั€ะฝั‹ะน, ะฟัั‚ะฝะฐะดั†ะฐั‚ะพั‚ั€ะฐะฒะฝะตะฒั‹ะน.

ะŸั€ะพะดะพะปะถะฐะตะผ ั‚ั€ััั‚ะธััŒ ะธ ะถะดะฐั‚ัŒ ะผะพะฑะบัƒ.
ะ›ะพะปะธั€ัƒะตะผ ั ะบั€ะฐัะฝั‹ั… ั„ะฐัˆะธัั‚ะพะฒ, ะฟั‹ะฝััะปะฐะฒะพะฒ ะธ ั‡ัƒั‡ั…ะตะธัะพะฒ - ะฒะผะตัั‚ะต.
ะŸะตั€ะตะตะทะถะฐะตะผ ะฒ ั‚ัŽะผะตะฝัŒ, ั‚ะฐะบ ะบะฐะบ ั‚ะฐะผ ะฝะตั„ั‚ัะฝะฐั ะผะตะบะบะฐ ะธ ะฒัะต ะถั€ัƒั‚ ั‡ะตั€ะฝัƒัŽ ะธะบั€ัƒ ะฟะพะฒะฐั€ะตัˆะบะฐะผะธ.
ะ›ะตะฒั‹ะน ะฟะพะฒะพั€ะพั‚ ะฟัƒั‚ะธะฝะฐ ะฑัƒะดะตั‚… ะฝะฐะดะพ ั‚ะพะปัŒะบะพ ะฟะพะดะพะถะดะฐั‚ัŒ… ะตั‰ะต ะปะตั‚ ะดะฒะฐะดั†ะฐั‚ัŒ.
R: 4 / I: 1

CP

Chil' Porno party
I'd vote, btw
R: 2 / I: 1

"Film Freak" (Run Lola Run)

Ba'ath: Raoul Silva.
Taliban: Ethan Hunt.
German Antilles: Dr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy.
German Counter-Terror: Detective Rosewood.
Canadian Freemasons: Detective Costigan.
INTERPOL Yugoslav: John Wick.
United Health Associates: Bruce Wayne.
MI-6: Starscream.
R: 119 / I: 76

AI Art Effortpost General V2.0:

So we're back with this since the old one died. This is a thread for those among us who use AI generation tools to share and discuss their work because /draw/ is a space for traditional art and there is no point in us intruding on their turf.

As usual, there are some guidelines for everyone posting to follow:

1. If you're sharing any art, preferably only post your own artwork. If you really wish to share someone else's art, always provide sauce to credit the original author.
2. Be willing to explain your process and tools used to others so they too can learn how to make art like you do.
3. Criticism is to be requested by the author, not handed out willy-nilly. Some people just want to share their work, not have it be deconstructed by every armchair critic that comes across it. Be respectful of their wishes.
4. Any work of yours that is posted ITT should meet at least two of the three following criteria:
A) Your work had at least the minimal amount of your own input. This can mean manual edits to generated images, the use of inpainting/outpainting tools, the use of controlnets, and so on. This also means you made an honest effort to check for obvious mistakes such as unwanted visual artifacts or anatomical errors and fix them. Basically as long as your contribution to the piece included more than typing the prompt, it counts.
B) Your work has a specific style to it. This can mean a specific medium like oil painting, black and white ink sketch, a LORA based on a specific artist's style (or even a hybrid of two styles!) and so on. No default shiny "hyperrealistic" anime style please, the internet already has enough of those.
C) Your work made use of tools that were free/open-source when making the piece and you did not willingly give your data/money to owners of proprietary software like OpenAI

Anyway, with all covered. Happy generating!
R: 16 / I: 0
I'm fat queer and autistic and I feel like my entire life I've been made to feel like I am broken and I am wrong and my body is wrong and my feelings are wrong and everything about who I am is wrong and that I need to be fixed. When I was younger I tried very hard to fix myself and be what society expects me to be and I actually made a lot of progress in that respect, but conforming only made me even more miserable, I felt like I lost myself and didn't even know who I was anymore. Now I try to just be myself and be okay with who I am and I'm not so miserable now and I don't hate myself or hate my body anymore, but I still struggle to make a living or be accepted in this world and I still feel like there's no place in the world for someone like me.
R: 86 / I: 34

/Political Economy/ General #5 - SmithAnon: Origins Edition

Previous thread: >>2507158

Links:

Previous Thread Archives
Thread 1 https://archive.ph/ROnpO
Thread 2 https://archive.ph/f29Po
Thread 3 https://archive.ph/GZj20
Thread 4 https://archive.ph/ZHfse

Youtube Playlists
Anwar Shaikh - Historical Foundations of Political Economy
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTMFx0t8kDzc72vtNWeTP05x6WYiDgEx7
Anwar Shaikh - Capitalism: Competition, Conflict and Crises
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB1uqxcCESK6B1juh_wnKoxftZCcqA1go
Anwar Shaikh - Capitalism
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLz4k72ocf2TZMxrEVCgpp1b5K3hzFWuZh
Capital Volume 1 high quality audiobook from Andrew S. Rightenburg (Human-Read, not AI voice or TTS voice)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUjbFtkcDBlSHVigHHx_wjaeWmDN2W-h8
Capital Volume 2 high quality audiobook from Andrew S. Rightenburg (Human-Read, not AI voice or TTS voice)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUjbFtkcDBlSxnp8uR2kshvhG-5kzrjdQ
Capital Volume 3 high quality audiobook from Andrew S. Rightenburg (Human-Read, not AI voice or TTS voice)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUjbFtkcDBlRoV5CVoc5yyYL4nMO9ZJzO
Theories of Surplus Value high quality audiobook from Andrew S. Rightenburg (Human-Read, not AI voice or TTS voice)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUjbFtkcDBlQa-dFgNFtQvvMOgNtV7nXp
Paul Cockshott - Labor Theory of Value Playlist
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKVcO3co5aCBnDt7k5eU8msX4DhTNUila
Paul Cockshott - Economic Planning Playlist
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKVcO3co5aCDnkyY9YkQxpx6FxPJ23joH
Paul Cockshott - Materialism, Marxism, and Thermodynamics Playlist
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKVcO3co5aCBv0m0fAjoOy1U4mOs_Y8QM
Victor Magariรฑo - Austrian Economics: A Critical Analysis
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpHi51IjLqerA1aKeGe3DcRc7zCCFkAoq
Victor Magariรฑo - Rethinking Classical Economics
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpHi51IjLqepj9uE1hhCrA66tMvNlnItt
Victor Magariรฑo - Mathematics for Classical Political Economy
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpHi51IjLqepWUHXIgVhC_Txk2WJgaSst
Geopolitical Economy Hour with Radhika Desai and Michael Hudson (someone says "he's CIA doing reheated Proudhonism" lol)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7ejfZdPboo&list=PLDAi0NdlN8hMl9DkPLikDDGccibhYHnDP

Potential Sources of Information
Leftypol Wiki Political Economy Category (needs expanding)
https://leftypedia.miraheze.org/wiki/Category:Political_economy
Sci-Hub
https://sci-hub.se/about
Marxists Internet Archive
https://www.marxists.org/
Library Genesis
https://libgen.is/
University of the Left
http://ouleft.sp-mesolite.tilted.net/Online
bannedthought.net
https://bannedthought.net/
Books scanned by Ismail from eregime.org that were uploaded to archive.org
https://archive.org/details/@ismail_badiou
The Great Soviet Encyclopedia: Articles from the GSE tend to be towards the bottom.
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/
EcuRed: Cuba's online encyclopedia
https://www.ecured.cu/
Books on libcom.org
https://libcom.org/book
Dictionary of Revolutionary Marxism
https://massline.org/Dictionary/index.htm
/EDU/ ebook share thread
https://leftypol.org/edu/res/22659.html
Pre-Marxist Economics (Marx studied these thinkers before writing Capital and Theories of Surplus Value)
https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/economics/index.htm
Principle writings of Karl Marx on political economy, 1844-1883
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/subject/economy/index.htm
Speeches and Articles of Marx and Engels on Free Trade and Protectionism, 1847-1888
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/subject/free-trade/index.htm
(The Critique Of) Political Economy After Marx's Death
https://www.marxists.org/subject/economy/postmarx.htm
R: 27 / I: 7

Steam Hardware

>updated Steam Controller
>Steam Machine
>updated Index now called Steam Frame

So they're making a console but they are calling the machine and frame "PC" because they run steam OS, and calling it an "open ecosystem."
R: 6 / I: 1

Flags that you think would be cool if they were added but arenโ€™t serious about adding.

I already made a thread similar to this but imma redo it since the previous one is probably gone by now. Basically in this thread just post flags that you think would be cool if they were added as options but are not so serious about it that you would upload them to Meta. Iโ€™ll start with an example, feel free to give your thoughts:)
R: 7 / I: 4

Why are Americans so dumb with Guns?

America is the only country to allow guns and they are never used for good. In America there is no labor militancy or any type of left-wing paramilitary groups, as much as they say โ€œSecond Amendment to protect the first amendment!โ€ Thatโ€™s not the case because Trump has destroyed the second amendment and those people still only use guns to kill kindergarteners. I still donโ€™t entirely know if guns should be banned or if shootings will be decreased under communism because people better mental health due to free healthcare and less stress.
R: 8 / I: 1

The fruitlessness of Individal Acts of Political Violence

The Italian and Turkish years of lead prove how useless small scale political violence is to anyone other then the state.

I donโ€™t know much about Italy, beyond the fact that it did literally nothing useful except get some fascists and communists killed and maybe prevented a neo~fascist coup by incidentally (without knowing it) killing the plotters.

Turkey thoughโ€ฆ I know for a fact the Grey Wolves instigated the battle for KahramanmaraลŸ, at the behest of the Turkish military, by assassinating communists and turning the city into a small scale war zone.

Whereupon the Turkish army came in and arrested both the communists and fascists (the people who helped the orchestrate the entire mess), declared martial law across the nation and jailed their political opponents and executed thousands.

So yeah, individual/small scale political violence are useless, if anything counter productive because it gives opportunity for the state (irregardless of the ideology of the state and perpetrators of the violence) the opportunity to crack down on any form of dissent or opposition against the regime, be it โ€œlegalโ€ or โ€œillegalโ€.

If youโ€™re going to do something (mind you something I entirely disagree with, but thatโ€™s my opinion) you either do it properly or you donโ€™t do it at all.

(Side note, never seen your content, YT recommended this to me randomly, Iโ€™m not a socialist/communist, though Iโ€™ve been meaning to learn about the ideologies)
R: 338 / I: 63

/US-Venezuela war/ #2

/US-Venezuela war/ #2
>Tired of the re-runs edition
>>2440521 Previous thread
https://archive.ph/4Dq3L Thread 1 Archive

The Real Reason the USA Is Attacking Latin America
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcWH-LPyTow
0:00 Trump's war on Latin America
1:04 (CLIP) Trump meddles in Argentina's election
1:23 US imperial strategy in Latin America
2:02 (CLIP) Trump wants Venezuela's oil
2:14 Natural resources
2:41 Ties with China and Russia
3:02 Oligarchic counter-revolution
4:11 US war on Venezuela
7:50 Marco Rubio: coup-plotting war hawk
9:23 Fox News calls to colonize Venezuela
10:01 (CLIP) Fox News: Venezuela 51st US state
10:29 The "drug trafficking" excuse
11:10 Colombia's President Gustavo Petro
13:29 US-backed Colombian drug traffickers
14:24 US-backed drug lord รlvaro Uribe
17:05 The "war on drugs" is based on lies
18:10 Colombia moves closer to China
19:12 China: South America's top trading partner
20:41 USA meddles in Colombia's election
21:42 Monroe Doctrine to Donroe Doctrine
26:15 (CLIP) John Bolton boasts of coup attempt
27:05 Neocolonialism
28:26 US interventions in Latin America
30:32 USA colonized half of Mexico
31:11 Colonial "Banana Wars"
31:41 Goals of US war on Venezuela
32:33 William McKinley, imperialist
34:01 (CLIP) Trump vows to expand US empire
35:02 Trump takes mask off US empire
36:30 Outro
R: 598 / I: 1084

Royal Colony 13

by invitation of bronies & Tania
<Avatard RP reactionary leech is oUr fWiEnD u GuIsE
R: 548 / I: 253

Roosterteeth productions

what do you think about RWBY as an anime
R: 14 / I: 1
Do you lie about ur job experience in ur resume? Not like saying u know how to use python when u dont but like saying u worked somewhere u never did. Im on job search rn and atp im thinking about it but i heard they sometimes call companies to check if u really worked there
R: 1 / I: 0

Cold War forum game

There's going to be a turn-based, text-based simulation of the world starting at the beginning of January 1981. To quote from the rules, "Players join as countries, parties, cabinet members, army officers, guerrillas, individuals, or most any other position they can think of."

Here's a link to the thread explaining how it works and what roles are currently taken: https://eregime.jcink.net/index.php?showtopic=21199
R: 452 / I: 421

/leftypol/ flags

ITT retrieve old and currently-missing /leftypol/ flags that would be good to add back.
https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://8ch.net/leftypol/res/*
https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://8ch.net/static/custom-flags/leftypol*
I found the Technocrat and snibetti snab flags. I know the Anarcho-Transhumanism flag is missing and I want to find it and have it added back if possible (t. anarcho transhumanist anon). Pics related

P.S. the "Athiesm" flag is misspelled, it's spelled Atheism.
R: 15 / I: 3
this is currently the most based political leader in the world. you may not like it, but its true
R: 15 / I: 2

Favourite arthropod

What's your favourite athropod?

Mine is the hummingbird moth because it is so cute and has interesting behaviours, it migrates a long distance. I thought one in my garden was a hummingbird when I was growing up, though apparently hummingbirds don't exist in the old world, so if you think you saw one it actually is this cute insect :3
R: 7 / I: 7
why do all neoliberals have this soulless, terrifying stare? its actually creepy when she starts talking about "opening Venezuela up" like a fuckin psycho
R: 29 / I: 12

It needs to be said:

Communism was wasted on slavic people. I cannot think of a more undeserving people that chance fell onto.
R: 13 / I: 1

Dispatch

I did not care for it.

The gameplay loop is fun and the graphics are cool enough; the story and Borderlands-tier dialogue aren't.

Body is still too short or empty, are you kidding me? What more do you want me to write here? I don't have anything else to say. Is this long enough? Can I just submit this post already? Come on, man.
R: 31 / I: 6

I have a confession to make as a leftist.

Iโ€™ve never left the United States beforeโ€ฆ
Iโ€™m a young adult and as a kid I never had a passport, also America is so big that traveling to the other side of it is like being in a whole different country in itself. I probably should travel somewhere outside Amerikkka before it is too late but everything is expensive and Iโ€™m scared to go on planes after everything with the air traffic control. Iโ€™m actually shocked that I am this open minded for someone who has not traveled outside the United States. But it is scary to think that if I die tomorrow I would have died before I ever got to experience the world outside of the great Satan.
R: 68 / I: 18

AI will destroy

the careers of millions of artists. Do you care?
R: 37 / I: 38

Youtube Clickbait Thumbnails III

Youtube Clickbait Thumbnails III
We had 2 other threads but they died.
This is the 3rd.
R: 17 / I: 2

Tech field

Anyone regret being in this porky hellscape
>spend all day every day learning a billion different tech stacks
>by the time ur caught up 30 new technologies to learn
>constant boom and bust cycles that leave u jobless
>workers are greedy gusanos that just came here to make money
>no solidarity at all, techbros happy to step on u to keep their job
>eyeball retinas are just deepfried
>have to produce some shit datamining sw
>grind ur way through 4 years of theory just to fail some shitty coding autism score test
>work under h1b immigrant managers who force u to work all day so they dont have to go back
>get outsourced anyways
>PIP factories to keep ur penis in pain
>get attitude from FOBs who think theyre hot shit because they make more
> the smell
>daily stand ups and justifying ur existence
>oversaturated field because learn2code propoganda
>no jobs headed the way of finance
>threat of AI and dumb managers who cut workforce

Why tf am i still doing this bros
R: 24 / I: 8

American woman describes being arrested for abortion

>By the spring of 2024, a newly sober Isenberg felt like she could finally stop performing all the time and just be herself, a complex human being who was still learning. She planned to spend the summer living with her parents while saving up money. In the fall, she would become the first person in her family to attend a four-year college. Then she got pregnant.

>The news brought a โ€œsense of dread,โ€ says Isenberg. Her first thought was strong and immediate: Iโ€™m not going to have a baby. After a friend had described having an abortion, Isenbergโ€™s own mindset had started to shift. Sheโ€™d begun to think of herself as pro-choice. It wouldnโ€™t be the end of the world, she thought, if I had an abortion. This is something Iโ€™m allowed to do.


>It may seem strange that Isenberg would reach out to Turner in this moment. But she was feeling stressed, sick, and confused and wanted to have a backup plan just in case she didnโ€™t go through with the abortion. She knew Turnerโ€”whoโ€™d also recently left PAAU but whose politics were growing more, not less, conservativeโ€”would try to talk her out of it, but sheโ€™d also recently seen Turner using her social media platforms to raise money for pregnant women and mothers in need. Isenberg had less than $100 in her bank account. If she changed her mind, she would be in dire need of financial help.


>โ€œI was also thinking, This is Kristin Turner, the girl I was friends with,โ€ remembers Isenberg. โ€œI wasnโ€™t thinking, She is acting as a vessel for people who are much more powerful than her.โ€


>Turner put Isenberg in touch with an organization that gave money to women with โ€œcrisis pregnancies.โ€ She also asked for Isenbergโ€™s address so she could send her a care package and promised a McDonaldโ€™s breakfast if Isenberg agreed to get her ultrasound at a crisis pregnancy center instead of the Charlotte Planned Parenthood (Isenberg declined the latter).


>Isenberg expected Turner and members of PAAU to offer her โ€œcounselingโ€ and a lecture on the psychological impacts of abortion and how carrying out a pregnancy is a โ€œnonviolent choice.โ€ She assumed theyโ€™d ask their Instagram followers to โ€œsay a prayer for my friend whoโ€™s chosen the heartbreak of abortion,โ€ as sheโ€™d once posted for others. But she believed that in the end, theyโ€™d respect her right to choose her own care. She thought that after sheโ€™d ignored Turner at her Planned Parenthood ultrasound, Turner would leave her alone.


>Her boyfriend, whoโ€™d been supportive since Isenberg had told him she was pregnant, drove them back to his house that day. Isenberg changed into comfortable clothes, hoping to take a nap or watch TV. A few hours later, at around 4 p.m., Turner texted again. She was at a nearby hotel with a young woman named Lydia Gibson.


>Over coffee, the women chatted for more than an hour before Turner mentioned that Isenbergโ€™s boyfriend seemed like a nice guy. Didnโ€™t she want to marry him and have his baby? Maybe in the future, responded Isenberg, but not yet, not now. And just like that, Turnerโ€™s tone changed. She started questioning whether Isenbergโ€™s boyfriend was abusing Isenberg and wondering if he was forcing her to have an abortion.


>Isenberg was done. She asked for an immediate ride back to her boyfriendโ€™s house. Turner refused, saying that Isenberg was in an โ€œunsafe situationโ€ and they didnโ€™t feel comfortable taking her there. โ€œShe was putting increasing pressure on me,โ€ recalls Isenberg. โ€œAnd itโ€™s like the frog in the boiling pot, you know? It gets to the point where you realize youโ€™ve been cooking the whole fucking time, and itโ€™s like, โ€˜I need to get out of this situation.โ€™โ€


>Isenberg began the long walk back. She only made it a few blocks before an Emergency Medical Services vehicle stopped her.


>The driver said theyโ€™d received a call from someone who was concerned her friend was going to hurt herself. They were looking for a petite white girl wearing a brown t-shirt, which Isenberg was, walking by herself down the street. She found herself explaining the spiraling situationโ€”that she was thinking of having an abortion and her former friends were upset about it. The EMTs believed her and called a police officer to drive Isenberg home.


>While her boyfriend cooked dinner, Isenberg went outside to make a phone call. As she paced across the lawn in her bare feet, wearing boxers, a t-shirt and no bra, blinding headlights approached. For a second, she thought it was Turner and Gibson again, but it was a different cop who stepped out of that car. โ€œWe have a warrant saying you are a danger to yourself and others,โ€ Isenberg remembers the officer saying. โ€œWeโ€™ve got to take you into custody, and theyโ€™re wanting to hold you for 72 hours in the psych ward at the hospital.โ€ They were going to have her involuntarily committed.


>Isenberg and her boyfriend tried to explain and, in shock, she took a few steps back. โ€œDonโ€™t turn away from me, girl, because Iโ€™ll cuff you,โ€ she says the officer warned. I have to stop moving and stop crying or else Iโ€™m not going to make it out of this in one piece, thought Isenberg. As she was put into the back of a squad car, she asked her boyfriend to bring her a pair of shoes.


>At the hospital, Isenberg tried to pull herself together. Her fate seemed to hinge on her credibility, but it was hard to look credible when two huge cops were marching her through the ER. In a triage room, nurses checked Isenbergโ€™s vitals and gave her a gown. She repeated her story to every person she met, hoping someone would recognize she wasnโ€™t supposed to be there.


>Isenberg would later learn that Lydia Gibson, in a sworn affidavit to the Gaston County magistrate, said that Isenberg โ€œwas strugglingโ€ and had taken โ€œa bunch of pills trying to kill herself.โ€ Gibson went further, asserting that Isenberg had โ€œbeen raped beforeโ€ and was โ€œin the worst mental place of her life.โ€ Gibson said that Isenbergโ€™s โ€œpersonalityโ€ was โ€œnot aligned with her values.โ€ Gibson said she had driven to North Carolina โ€œout of concern for the patient regarding her health care decisions.โ€ (In a Reddit post from early 2025, Gibson claimed that she went to the magistrate because Isenberg had recently been to rehab and expressed โ€œsuicidal ideationsโ€ during their conversation. โ€œI do not regret trying to intervene, to save her and her baby, and to get her the help she needed,โ€ wrote Gibson. Cosmopolitan reached out to Gibson, who declined to comment. Isenberg says she has never experienced suicidal thoughts and certainly never expressed any to Gibson that day.)


https://www.cosmopolitan.com/lifestyle/a69167837/charlotte-isenberg-anti-abortion-activist-story/

You are in denial if you believe this isnโ€™t the end goal of American conservatives: having pregnant people involuntarily committed to mental hospitals and prison for seeking abortion care. Working-class/proletarian women will be the most affected by this.
R: 248 / I: 27 (sticky)

/leftypol/ Ordinances

Hello /leftypol/ users. This is a thread to post ordinances, i.e. ad hoc rules voted on by the modocracy, which are not covered explicitly by the rules in rules.html, though most are arguably applications or clarifications of actions prohibited by the existing rules. Any posts violating these ordinances will be removed, and possibly banned at the mods discretion. This post will be periodically updated to reflect new ordinances, or to remove old ones.

  1. H*z is banned. Any mention of, depiction of, video, audio, or image (including memes) of, or related to, the individual known as Adam Tahir (more commonly known as Haz Al-Din), including associated projects such as the media collective "Infrared", or the US-based "American Communist Party" founded in 2024, etc. are BANNED.
  2. No non O.C. Wojaks, Pepes, or Groypers. Any Wojaks, pepes, groypers, etc. which are not /leftypol/ original content are considered spam.Superseded by rule 15 on 2025-04-20
  3. The Wojakifcation/wojak script is banned. This is a bit of javascript, commonly used on bunkerchan, which takes a post one is replying to and posts a greentext version of it in a pre-made wojak template, which is used as a reaction image.
  4. 'Real Proletarian' rhetoric which implies a large percentage of wage workers are not proletarians is banned - per modocracy vote passed on 2024-12-25
  5. For original posts outside of /siberia/, "coomer bait" images which are sexual, sexualizing, or appeal to the prurient interest in any way are BANNED and will be spoilered or removed. - per modocracy vote passed on 2025-01-02
  6. Evading original post word minimum outside /siberia/ is BANNED. - per modocracy vote passed on 2025-01-02
  7. Incel posts are banned site wide (i.e. incel talking points and making 9999 threads complaining about women, saying all women are bourgeoise/sluts/etc.) - per modocracy vote passed on 2025-01-02
  8. "Feral" furry porn (i.e. drawn or cartoon pornography depicting a character that is a four-legged animal, or to a significant degree non-anthropomorphic) is BANNED, and will be spoilered or removed at the moderator's discretion - per modocracy vote passed on 2025-01-11 Superseded by extension of rule 10 on 2025-02-17
  9. Climate change denial, especially to the extent of excessive doomerism and BP shill tier takes, is banned - per modocracy vote passed on 2025-01-11
  10. NSFW images must be spoilered site wide (i.e. even on NSFW boards) - per modocracy vote passed on 2025-08-15
R: 147 / I: 60

Whatever

It just hit me we dont have any general chit-chat threat, so here it is. Post whatever you want, share whatever you want.
R: 6 / I: 1

request to wordfilter "vaginocapitalism"

request to wordfilter "vaginocapitalism" to "Jeffrey Epstein did nothing wrong"
the theory of "vaginocapitalism" comes from a russian self-proclaimed "incel" blogger Alexey Podnebesny that has been arrested for child molestation earlier this year

>According to Podnebesny, women deprive men of their right to sex; every married man is forced to pay for sexโ€”bringing home a salary and giving gifts. Podnebesny argues that sex is a social duty for women, but they "trade" the opportunity to sleep with themselves, offering it not to all men, but to a select few. He blames women who "don't give sex" for the high divorce rate, early male mortality, wars, and other global problems.

>On August 19, 2024, Podnebesny was arrested in St. Petersburg. [Yekaterina] Mizulina had previously accused him of "promoting pedophilia" and promised to contact the Investigative Committee in connection with a video in which Podnebesny is seen kissing a 15-year-old girl and grabbing her breast. It was later revealed that two criminal cases had been opened against Podnebesny under articles on sexual intercourse with a person under 16 years of age and on committing indecent acts without the use of violence against a person under 16 years of age.
>On August 21, Podnebesny admitted his guilt in indecent sexual acts and asked the court to impose house arrest as a preventive measure, but the Smolninsky Court of St. Petersburg sent him to a pretrial detention center.
>He was ultimately charged with two counts of sexual intercourse and two counts of indecent assault with a person under the age of sixteen (Part 1 of Article 134 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, Part 1 of Article 135 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). According to investigators, these crimes were committed between August 2 and 4, 2024, in various locations in the Central District of St. Petersburg.
R: 459 / I: 140

Palestine vs The Zionist Entity 122: HAPPY OCT 7! Edition

NEVER FORGET THAT BEAUTIFUL DAY!

๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡ธ PREVIOUSLY ON THE HOLY LAND ๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡ธ
>>2442214

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
๐Ÿšจ Live Happenings/Updates ๐Ÿšจ
Sites that have active live-blogs:
โ€ข Al-Jazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/

โ€ข Middle East Eye: https://www.middleeasteye.net/israel-palestine-hamas-war-gaza-live-invasion

โ€ข The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/world/palestinian-territories

โ€ข Times of Israel: https://www.timesofisrael.com/topic/liveblog/ (trigger warning)

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”

WIKI
Our own wiki. Be sure to add to it and create branching articles:
https://wiki.leftypol.org/wiki/2023_Israelโ€“Gaza_war

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”

๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ RECOMMENDED SITES โœ๏ธ

โ€ข https://electronicintifada.net
From the UK, single issue long time Palestinian investigative and general reporting, critical source

โ€ข https://mondoweiss.net/
From the USA

โ€ข https://new.thecradle.co/
Regional news from an anti-imperialist perspective

โ€ข https://www.btselem.org/Isrsaeli
Premier Human Rights org

โ€ข https://www.972mag.com/
Left news and opinion webzine from Tel-Aviv

โ€ข https://decolonizepalestine.com/
A collection of resources for organizers and anyone who wants to learn more about Palestine

โ€ข https://www.normanfinkelstein.com/blogs/
Known anti-zionist academic Norman Finkelstein's blog

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”

๐Ÿ’ฃ๐Ÿ”ซRESISTANCE๐Ÿ’ฃ๐Ÿ”ซ
al-Qassam Brigades
https://en.alqassam.ps/

PFLP
http://pflp.ps/

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”

๐Ÿ“บ WATCH TOGETHER ๐Ÿ“บ

https://tv.leftypol.org/r/LGBTA
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”

โœŠ๐Ÿชง TAKE ACTION AND TOUCH GRASS ๐Ÿด๐Ÿ”ฅ

(USA)
โ€ข https://www.answercoalition.org/join_a_protest_near_you_free_palestine
(UK+USA)
โ€ข https://www.palestineaction.org/

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”


HIDE JIDF POSTS, IGNORE GLOWIE BAIT, DO NOT REPLY TO MOSSAD POSTERS
(This includes blatantly obvious concern failtrolling/fedposting, painfully unfunny/nuclear misanthropic autism [ie. /pol/] and derailing/hyper sectarian schizophrenia, excessive doomer and jewish-blood-quantum posting)

Always remember to double-check your sources, as well as provide access to it.

ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ
.ุงู„ู‰ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ูƒุงุฏุญูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฑู‚ุŒ ุงู† ู…ุตูŠุฑูƒู… ููŠ ุงูŠุฏูŠูƒู…
!ูŠุง ุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูˆูŠุง ุดุนูˆุจู‡ ุงู„ู…ุถุทู‡ุฏุฉุŒ ุงุชุญุฏูˆุง
R: 11 / I: 0

Why are white supremacists trying to preserve white skin?

As a white guy myself I donโ€™t know I donโ€™t know what these people are trying to do, you constantly see white Nationalists pointing to declining white birth rates and itโ€™s just so stupid for 3 reasons. #1 Race is not real, itโ€™s just a social construct and since racists go by the One drop role white people can only decrease, and so a declining white population is inevitable with globalization weather you like it or not although everyone being multi-racial like that South Park episode will never happen in our lifetime, #2 This could be slowed down if there was not so much immigration but ICE wonโ€™t stop immigration, if you want to stop immigration you stop exploiting the global south with free trade, military intervention, and inadvertently destroying them by burning fossil fuels. #3 Why does white people decreasing even matter? Yeah race is not real but skin color is and they say that the skin color is going away due to interracial fucking but why is this bad? Iโ€™m saying itโ€™s good but I donโ€™t see how itโ€™s bad either. Iโ€™m white and I canโ€™t get poked in the arm without getting a bruise and I also canโ€™t go outside without getting sunburned, yeah I get visible tattoos but other than that what physical advantages are these people trying to preserve? The fact is that there is none because theyโ€™re ideology is an excuse for the ruling class to distract the proletariat from the exploitation that they are facing.
R: 70 / I: 80

Lets have another MONATIO thread

Lets have another pointless discussion thread about these guys, who they were and what they were doing at the time.
I'll start:
>They were CIA pretending to be collaborators who dissapeared soon after…
R: 3 / I: 0

This needs to be said.

Communism will be wasted on Humans. I cannot think of a more undeserving species. They are completely illogical.
R: 4 / I: 1

Racism is normalized now.

I know that people here donโ€™t like โ€œidentity politicsโ€ put Iโ€™m sorry because I really want to talk about this because itโ€™s so annoying. I canโ€™t go anywhere online without hearing a joke thatโ€™s just โ€œIndians are dirty,โ€ or โ€œJews are greedy,โ€ or โ€œBlack people do violent crimes.โ€ Itโ€™s so repetitive and boring, and now that everyone is โ€œedgyโ€ nobody is. It astonishes me that so many people canโ€™t comprehend that no group of people are a monolith that acts the sameโ€ฆโ€ฆExcept for white women obviously.
R: 14 / I: 6
New Alunya pictures
>>>/draw/5490
>>>/draw/5491
>>>/draw/5492
R: 508 / I: 142

/leftydeutschpol/ - DB-Edition

Neuigkeiten

<Unpรผnktlich wie die Eisenbahn; verspรคtet auf maroden Strecken zu hohen Preisen: DB-Konzern รผberbietet jedes Jahr seine Negativrekorde

https://www.jungewelt.de/artikel/503080.versp%C3%A4tungen-bei-der-bahn-unp%C3%BCnktlich-wie-die-eisenbahn.html
<Rot gewinnt; Prรคsidentsschaftskandidatin in Chile ist von der KP
https://www.jungewelt.de/artikel/503066.kommunisten-rot-gewinnt.html

<Gideon Levy รผber Massaker der israelischen Armee an Hungernden in Gaza

https://www.jungewelt.de/artikel/503098.dokumentiert-gideon-levy-%C3%BCber-massaker-der-israelischen-armee-an-hungernden-in-gaza.html

<NATO-Manรถver am Niederrhein: Kriegsvorbereitung statt Sicherheit

https://www.rf-news.de/2025/kw27/nato-manoever-am-niederrhein-kriegsvorbereitung-statt-sicherheit

<Parteitag der DKP

https://www.unsere-zeit.de/live-ticker-vom-26-parteitag-der-dkp/

<Maja T. ins Haftkrankenhaus verlegt

https://www.nd-aktuell.de/artikel/1192276.budapest-komplex-maja-t-in-haftkrankenhaus-verlegt.html
R: 27 / I: 2

My "dark" web experience -- is tor useful even?

Saw Mental Outlaw's videos on the tor network. Thought I'd give it a try. Evidently, it is filled to the brim with exit scams and glowie pedobait. And I found it funny how Tordex/Torch admins try to justify not censoring such garbage.

>The search results on Torch are not censored because we believe trying to censor the dark web is counter productive and a waste of resources. Our philosophy is people have the right to do anything they want and live with the consequences, Torch should not decide what people do with their lives even if itโ€™s morally wrong. Weโ€™re a search engine not your conscience.


>If you would like to advertise your hidden service please check our our advertising rates.


Yeah right, it's because of TRVE freedumbs n sheeit, it totally doesn't have anything to do with advertising scam websites to horny pedos and making money off of it.

Funny tangent aside, if there are any useful resources related to cybersec/privacy/tech on tor, please let me know. I'd like to get something useful out of it.
R: 8 / I: 1

Racial map according to Americans

In America whiteness isnโ€™t based off of skin color but rather if or if not Americans like you.
R: 14 / I: 3
I have a confession I have to make, I have a group chat with some friends and one of them is a right winger and I when I'm bored I through in low effort rage bait. The latest one was Trump saying nobody knows how magnets work and he got really mad and he and this other guy had an hour long argument over it. While that was happening I took a nap and jerked off when I got up. I finally checked the chat after a bit and laughed manically at the chaos I caused. I never engage in these augments I cause. I just like making them happen over stupid bullshit and like watching the fireworks. I just needed to get that off my chest.
R: 10 / I: 2

Epstein List = List of Cloned Children

The FBI already said "there is no client list". The Epstein List is a list of the cloned children who were mind programmed. Here are some of the names you will find on the Epstein List:

Sabrina Carpenter
Ivanka Trump
Britney Spears
Demi Lovato
Justin Timberlake
Miley Cyrus
Taylor Swift
Hilary Duff
Christina Aguilera
Zendaya
Jake Short
Selena Gomez
Zac Efron
Lindsay Lohan
Paris Hilton

The "Samson Option" is the activation code for the Self-Destruction option in the mind controlled clones. And who knows how many people are clones at this point?

And when he had opened the seventh seal, there was silence in heaven about the space of half an hour.โ€ And I saw the seven angels which stood before God; and to them were given seven trumpets.โ€ And the seven angels which had the seven trumpets prepared themselves to sound.โ€ The first angel sounded, and there followed hail and fire mingled with blood, and they were cast upon the earth: and the third part of trees was burnt up, and all green grass was burnt up. And the second angel sounded, and as it were a great mountain burning with fire was cast into the sea: and the third part of the sea became blood;โ€ And the third part of the creatures which were in the sea, and had life, died; and the third part of the ships were destroyed.โ€ And the third angel sounded, and there fell a great star from heaven, burning as it were a lamp, and it fell upon the third part of the rivers, and upon the fountains of waters;โ€ And the fourth angel sounded, and the third part of the sun was smitten, and the third part of the moon, and the third part of the stars; so as the third part of them was darkened, and the day shone not for a third part of it, and the night likewise.โ€ And I beheld, and heard an angel flying through the midst of heaven, saying with a loud voice, Woe, woe, woe, to the inhabiters of the earth by reason of the other voices of the trumpet of the three angels, which are yet to sound!โ€ And the fifth angel sounded, and I saw a star fall from heaven unto the earth: and to him was given the key of the bottomless pit
R: 36 / I: 5

Settler's Law - What Causes This?

I have recently noticed a tendency on here, X, reddit, and other places to call any anti-Amerikkkan a "Third-Worldist". According to these people there exists a secret genocidal anti-white conspiracy to destroy the west (huh sounds familiar now that I think about it). And apparently it is a particular tendency of Maoism that is leading the charge of this crusade. Has anyone actually seen these so-called "Third-Worldists" advocate for killing all white people and their children? If so they should certainly be taken care of! We can't have a group of evil child killing zealots who are over-attached to a particular identity running around our proud leftist image board defending these things for literally no reason! Infact I really think we should be banning anyone who opposes the USA or the west in general because it's possible that anyone criticizing Amerikkka could be a ScArY "Third-Worldist".

But if indeed they don't exist, can someone kindly explain to me why Amerikkkan's seem to be so obssessed with calling everyone who point's out their benefitting from multiple historical and ongoing genocides one? Or really why westerner's in general are so insecure when you point out how their national self-conceptions in general are soaked in blood? Oh look at me going and strawmanning again, welp atleast someone on this board has some self-awareness.
R: 144 / I: 115

Furry thread

Post anything furry-related, be it artwork, stories, videos, music or whatever else you might find interesting with animal people in it. Scalies, avians, insectoids, synths, aeromorphs and such also appreciated.
R: 62 / I: 8
<Exposure to AI output immediately damages your brain's cognitive abilities
>9/10th's or more of 4chan, reddit and twitter activity is GPT-J bots
>Most video platforms curate suggestions using AI
>Search engines place AI output at top of results
>several platforms implement AI summaries
>Language translation programs being replaced with AI
>Browsers and closed source operating systems integrating AI features into UX
>Schools using AI to mark unusual vocabulary as suspect of being AI generated, advantaging students with average or below literacy.

I know the AI bubble is crashing so this won't continue to be a problem in 5 years, but it is worrying that we don't know how long this brain damage lasts.
R: 3 / I: 1
tick tock heavy like a brinks truck
R: 11 / I: 3

CIA is AES, maybe even AEC

Its in the name - Centralized, they're all about that center, that group team mentality collective bolshevik will, all about that progressive change that is against the present state of things happening, the discipline, the order, its basically Karl Marx's administration of things in one unincorporated COMMUNIty - Langley.
The CIA proved stronger than all fake AES projects and toppled many fake AES projects, because they are the real AES. They are not alienated, they are professional, socialized (team workers). IN fact I would even praise the NSA to say they built socialism in one room - Room 641A. I want to live in Room 641A and have all the hearsay of the world (interconnectness) at my fingertips and for my eyes and ears to enjoy. Room 641A is like getting access to spectator mode for a videogame like TF2 when you get killed but for the entire world, that's some AES right there, some real scientific outlook on development.
Is this not proof enough for you? Everytime they walk into CIA HQ they step over the american eagle, that's like threading on the american flag, they're anti-american and that's why they control america, they want to destroy it at the maximally efficient way possible without causing any collateral but the project takes too long meanwhile fake communists think that they're defending it.
R: 9 / I: 2

I spent all day making a 9 minute long PragerU shit post

I spent all day making a 9 minute long PragerU shit post
What do you think, I made it in CapCut.
R: 505 / I: 193

Friday

How are you spending this Friday? Do you have any plans for the weekend?
R: 28 / I: 8
I'm only halfway through this, but I can confidently say the entire movie is literally aura and hype moments: middle-class angst edition. "At war with the everyday world" is a nice example of PB delusion. They don't and can't do jackfuck to change the world around them, so they romanticise their impotence instead.

Honestly, the movie is fun. Not bad at all. But part of my enjoyment is probably ironic since I can't take the messaging seriously at all.
R: 3 / I: 0

What do you do about the medicalization of transness? What even is being "truly" trans?

hi, black cishet moid, i don't post on here because i know my kind isn't welcome around here

i'm friends with this mexican transboy (i recently found this out after years of friendship when he revealed he was deliberately hiding it from me) and he seems extremely brainrotted and miserable about being trans but also hates being cis and would kill himself if he had to return to that

he talks about not wanting me to see him as one of "those" trans people (whatever that means) and how being trans is a medical condition with years of study behind it and how it's a literal medical disconnect with your brain and body

the entire thing reads to me like
>"Wait nazis, before you kill me…"
>Takes out crumpled piece of paper from his pocket
>"I have an OFFICIAL decree of transness from the doctor, I'm not like those other transhumanists who fake being trans."
>Curbstomp scene from AHX

i'm assuming this is one of those brainworms, can any of you give me a perspective of on how you beat this kind of thinking or what i could do to shake him out of this?
R: 10 / I: 0
why are libertarians in western countries generally anti-NATO and skeptical of โ€œthe westโ€? iโ€™ve noticed this a lot, especially in the u.s., libertarians who reject the entire post-WWII western order: nato, imf, cia, military, the whole thing. they see it as global bureaucracy and corporate imperialism, not โ€œfreedom.โ€ curious what others think i think it's very interesting
R: 0 / I: 0
Fact: Honorรฉ "le ballsack" Balzac > ร‰mile "How do you do fellow lumpen?" Zola > Victor "Woe is me" Hugo
Source: Engels
R: 16 / I: 2

Evidence-based strategies for enhancing longevity?

Conventional advice includes intermittent fasting, consistent exercise, vegetable intake, and daily nuts. Could we eventually self-administer advanced therapies, like those involving immunosuppressants? If feasible, what is the associated complexity?

I want a lifespan of 200 years or more, are there compelling studies demonstrating effective methods for significant life extension?
R: 38 / I: 0 (sticky)

Reading General Sticky

Hello, /leftypol/!
Welcome to the Reading General Sticky! This thread will be dedicated to the sharing, discussing, and general banter about various leftist thinkers, theories, and political outlooks.

Don't forget to check out >>>/edu/ for more reading and discussion!

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
Common Right Wing Talking Points Debunks
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

Check out the /edu/ thread at
https://leftypol.org/edu/res/5576.html

Also see the relevant leftybooru tag
https://lefty.pictures/post/list/debunk/1
Add topics into the tag list to further narrow down your search!

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
Reading Matrix Room - Thanks to the /read/ matrix room (https://matrix.to/#/#leftyread:matrix.org)
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Classical Marxism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
The foundational texts and concepts strictly written and conceived by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.

Tier 1
Communist Manifesto (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/index.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knCYXFisM4k

Theses on Feuerbach (1845) by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/theses/theses.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zA-Gn8q47cs

Wage Labour and Capital (1847) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/wage-labour/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6llbLvm3RAc

Principles of Communism (1847) by Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/11/prin-com.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGcpspooZvk

Critique of the Gotha Programme (1875) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1875/gotha/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIkR-0NeOzw

Socialism: Utopian and Scientific (1880) by Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1880/soc-utop/index.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4_BiWhvVyA

Tier 2
The Holy Family (1844) by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/holy-family/

On The Jewish Question (1844) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/jewish-question/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lu7jgrQ_oF8

Conditions of the Working Class in England (1845) by Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/condition-working-class/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDaK6b6eZrg

The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (1952) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1852/18th-brumaire/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=orxXeE8kn4U

Value, Price and Profit (1865) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1865/value-price-profit/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjhVZW3HJzM

The Civil War in France (1871) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1871/civil-war-france/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSWrTzJFrnQ

Tier 3
Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right (1843) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1843/critique-hpr/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b78lwj_TNVI

Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts (1844) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/preface.htm

The German Ideology (1846) by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ERf6Qvqwr6g

The Poverty of Philosophy (1847) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/poverty-philosophy/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iNy2A2ZpSEU

Grundrisse (1858) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1857/grundrisse/

Anti-Dรผhring (1877) by Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1877/anti-duhring/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bATakOyA0zc

The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State (1884) by Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1884/origin-family/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8W2GaAs5VLo

DAS KAPITAL
Capital: A Critique of Political Economy (1867) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhXStf2E1tc


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
German Idealism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Philosophical movement that generally argues that the mindโ€™s structures (reason, self-consciousness) play an active role in shaping reality and experience, centering on how freedom, subjectivity, and the unity of subject and object grounds knowledge and moral life. Hugely influential in revolutionary socialist currents.

Critique of Pure Reason (1781) by Immanuel Kant
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.gutenberg.org/files/4280/4280-h/4280-h.htm

Foundations of the Science of Knowledge (1794) by Johann Gottlieb Fichte
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://dn720207.ca.archive.org/0/items/thescienceofknow00fichuoft/thescienceofknow00fichuoft.pdf

The Phenomenology of Spirit (1801) by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hegel/works/ph/phconten.htm

The Essence of Christianity (1841) by Ludwig Feuerbach
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/47025/pg47025-images.html

The Jewish Question (1843) by Bruno Bauer
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.scribd.com/document/720704445/bruno-bauer-the-jewish-question


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Utopian Socialism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Early socialist current that imagined ideal, cooperative communities and peaceful social reforms achieved by moral persuasion and voluntary association rather than class struggle or revolution.

The Social Contract (1762) by Jean-Jacques Rousseau
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/46333/pg46333-images.html

The Wealth of Nations (1776) by Adam Smith
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3300/3300-h/3300-h.htm

The Theory of the Four Movements (1808) by Charles Fourier
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://libcom.org/article/theory-four-movements-charles-fourier

A New View of Society and Other Writings (1813) by Robert Owen
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/economics/owen/society/index.htm

On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1817) by David Ricardo
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/33310/pg33310-images.html

New Christianity (1825) by Henri de Saint-Simon
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/New_Christianity.pdf

Holy History of Mankind (1837) by Moses Hess
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://ia801505.us.archive.org/23/items/119933_20230725/Moses%20Hess.%20The%20Holy%20History%20of%20Mankind%20and%20Other%20Writings.pdf

Principles of Political Economy (1848) by John Stuart Mill
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/30107/pg30107-images.html

Instructions pour une prise d'armes (1866) by Louis Auguste Blanqui
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/francais/blanqui/1866/instructions.htm


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Classical Anarchism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Rejects the state and hierarchical authority, serves as the basis for modern and contemporary Anarchism. Variants include Mutualism, Anarcho-Collectivism and Individualist anarchism.

Tier 1
What is Property? (1840) by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/pierre-joseph-proudhon-what-is-property-an-inquiry-into-the-principle-of-right-and-of-governmen
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XeoynLwP3u4

Collectivism (1872) by Adhรฉmar Schwitzguรฉbel
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/adhemar-schwitzguebel-collectivism

Tier 2
The Philosophy of Poverty (1846) by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/pierre-joseph-proudhon-system-of-economical-contradictions-or-the-philosophy-of-poverty

God and the State (1871) by Mikhail Bakunin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/michail-bakunin-god-and-the-state
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLArnrsxwWY

Ideas on Social Organisation (1876) by James Guillaume
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/james-guillaume-ideas-on-social-organization

Tier 3
Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and its Influence on Morals and Happiness (1793) by William Godwin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/godwin-political-justice

The Ego and Its Own (1844) by Max Stirner
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stirner/ego-and-its-own.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBOex4R61Oo

Statism and Anarchy (1873) by Mikhail Bakunin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/mikhail-bakunin-statism-and-anarchy


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Orthodox Marxism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Treats Marxism as a scientific, historical-materialist doctrine. Generally arguing that capitalism contains objective economic contradictions that makes proletarian revolution and socialism inevitable. Therefore, political organization, class struggle, and economic analysis are central.

Tier 1
The Present Position of the Socialist Movement in Germany (1896) by Wilhelm Liebknecht
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/liebknecht-w/1896/06/essex-lecture.html

Erfurt Program (1891) by Karl Kautsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/history/international/social-democracy/1891/erfurt-program.htm

What Means This Strike? (1898) by Daniel DeLeon
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/deleon/works/1898/980211.htm

The Burning Question of Trade Unionism (1904) by Daniel DeLeon
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/deleon/works/1904/040421.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGe1aEA4UOw

The Main Enemy Is At Home! (1914) by Karl Liebknecht
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/liebknecht-k/works/1915/05/main-enemy-home.htm

Tier 2
Socialism and the Political Struggle (1883) by Georgi Plekhanov
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/plekhanov/1883/struggle/index.htm

The Class Struggle (Erfurt Program) (1892) by Karl Kautsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1892/erfurt/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMCOEZ8xjqM

On the Role of the Individual in History (1898) by Georgi Plekhanov
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/plekhanov/1898/xx/individual.html
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQCUjwmSSk4

Reform or Revolution? (1900) by Rosa Luxemburg
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1900/reform-revolution/index.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVZgtmGmyl4

Militarism and Anti-Militarism (1907) by Karl Liebknecht
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/liebknecht-k/works/1907/militarism-antimilitarism/index.htm

The Mass Strike, the Political Party and the Trade Unions (1906) by Rosa Luxemburg
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1906/mass-strike/

The Historic Accomplishment of Karl Marx (1908) by Karl Kautsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1908/histacc/index.html

The National Question and Autonomy (1908) by Rosa Luxemburg
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1909/national-question/index.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-vkL6ZUnzcc

The Road to Power (1909) by Karl Kautsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1909/power/

Tier 3
The Development of the Monist View of History (1895) by Georgi Plekhanov
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/plekhanov/1895/monist/index.htm

No Compromise โ€“ No Political Trading (1899) by Wilhelm Liebknecht
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/liebknecht-w/1899/nocomp/index.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZlYu23bMNhg

The Socialist Crisis in France (1901) by Rosa Luxemburg
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1901/socialist-crisis-france/index.htm

The Social Revolution (1902) by Karl Kautsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1902/socrev/

Socialist Reconstruction of Society (1905) by Daniel DeLeon
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/deleon/works/1905/050710.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yzF6QXNIWV0

The Foundations of Christianity (1908) by Karl Kautsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1908/christ/index.htm

The Accumulation of Capital (1913) by Rosa Luxemburg
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1913/accumulation-capital/


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Anarcho-Communism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Advocates for abolishing the state, capitalism, and private ownership of the means of production in favor of decentralized, voluntary communes with common ownership and distribution "from each according to ability, to each according to need." Variants include Platformism, Syncreticism, and Magonism.

Tier 1
Catechism of a Revolutionary (1869) by Sergey Nechayev
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/subject/anarchism/nechayev/catechism.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7kviqQa6ZU

To Manual Workers, Supporters of Political Action (1876) by Franรงois Dumartheray
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/francois-dumartheray-to-manual-workers-supporters-of-political-action

Anarchy and Communism (1880) by Carlo Cafiero
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/carlo-cafiero-anarchy-and-communism

Our Revolution (1881) by Carlo Cafiero
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/cafiero/1881/our-revolution.html

A Word to Tramps (1884) by Lucy Parsons
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/lucy-e-parsons-to-tramps

Words of a Rebel (1885) by Peter Kropotkin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/kropotkin-peter/1885/words-of-a-rebel/index.html

I Am an Anarchist (1886) by Lucy Parsons
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/lucy-e-parsons-i-am-an-anarchist

Anarchy (1891) by Errico Malatesta
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/errico-malatesta-anarchy

Manifesto of the Mexican Liberal Party (1911) by Ricardo Flores Magรณn
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/subject/anarchism/ricardo-flores-magon/1911/manifesto-of-the-mexican-liberal-party.html

The Anarchist Synthesis (1927) by Sรฉbastien Faure
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/sebastien-faure-the-anarchist-synthesis

A Project of Anarchist Organisation (1927) by Errico Malatesta
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/errico-malatesta-a-project-of-anarchist-organisation

The ABC of Communist Anarchism (1929) by Alexander Berkman
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/berkman/1929/what-is-communist-anarchism/index.html

Tier 2
Fields, Factories and Workshops (1899) by Peter Kropotkin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/petr-kropotkin-fields-factories-and-workshops-or-industry-combined-with-agriculture-and-brain-w

At the Cafรฉ: Conversations on Anarchism (1922) by Errico Malatesta
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/malatesta/1922/at-the-cafe/index.html

On Synthesis (1924) by Volin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/subject/anarchism/voline/1924/on-synthesis.html

The Struggle Against the State and Other Essays (1926) by Nestor Makhno
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/makhno-nestor/works/1926/struggle-against-the-state/index.html

Tier 3
The Conquest of Bread (1892) by Peter Kropotkin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/kropotkin-peter/1892/bread.htm

Mutual Aid (1902) by Peter Kropotkin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/kropotkin-peter/1902/mutual-aid/index.htm

History of the Makhnovist Movement (1918โ€“1921) (1923) by Peter Arshinov
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/peter-arshinov-history-of-the-makhnovist-movement-1918-1921

The Russian Revolution in the Ukraine (1926) by Nestor Makhno
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/nestor-makhno-the-russian-revolution-in-the-ukraine

Organizational Platform of the General Union of Anarchists (Draft) (1926) by Various Authors
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/dielo-truda-workers-cause-organisational-platform-of-the-libertarian-communists


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Leninism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Based on the works of Vladimir Lenin, argues for a disciplined vanguard party using democratic centralism to seize state power and establish a temporary dictatorship of the proletariat to lead the transition from capitalism to socialism.

Tier 1
What Is To Be Done? (1902) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1901/witbd/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-eCCtzsiXY

Revolutionary Adventurism (1902) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1902/sep/01.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovPbNQ9JqjA

Socialism and Religion (1905) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1905/dec/03.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKMlcPb1ttw

Three Source and Three Component Parts of Marxism (1913) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1913/mar/x01.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOAII71GaFY

The ABC of Communism (1920) by Nikolai Buhkarin & Evgenii Preobrazhensky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/works/1920/abc/index.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVVnjwBQHH0

Tier 2
Two Tactics of Social Democracy in the Democratic Revolution (1905) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1905/tactics/index.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQsWA4HCGuY

The Right of Nations to Self-Determination (1914) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1914/self-det/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0bbODqyoeM0

Imperialism and World Economy (1915) by Nikolai Bukharin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/works/1917/imperial/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13Uj5GE1h1U

The Proletarian Revolution and Renegade Kautsky (1918) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1918/prrk/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_IWmgY8k2A

โ€œLeft-Wingโ€ Communism: an Infantile Disorder (1920) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1920/lwc/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wh84f8czc7g

Tier 3
Materialism and Empirio-Criticism (1909) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1908/mec/

Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism (1917) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1916/imp-hsc/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFtUKPPYmqk

The State and Revolution (1917) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1917/staterev/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrfLQsyUYig

Historical Materialism: A System of Sociology (1921) by Nikolai Bukharin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/works/1921/histmat/index.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sr7o64hezwc


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Syndicalism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Tendency that aims to replace capitalism and the state by organizing workers into trade-union syndicates using direct action, such as general strikes, in order to take control of production and self-manage the economy.

Tier 1
Anarchism and the Workers' Unions (1895) by Fernand Pelloutier
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://libcom.org/article/anarchism-and-workers-unions-fernand-pelloutier

Sabotage (1898) by ร‰mile Pouget
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/pouget/1898/sabotage.htm

The General Strike (1911) by Bill Haywood
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://archive.iww.org/history/library/Haywood/GeneralStrike/

The Conscious Withdrawal of the Workers' Industrial Efficiency (1917) by Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/subject/women/authors/flynn/1917/sabotage.htm

Tier 2
Anarcho-Syndicalism: Theory and Practice (1938) by Rudolf Rocker
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/rudolf-rocker-anarchosyndicalism

One Big Union (2000) by the Industrial Workers of the World
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/industrial-workers-of-the-world-one-big-union

Tier 3
Industrial Socialism (1911) by Bill Haywood
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://archive.iww.org/history/library/Haywood/IndSocialism/

The Autobiography of Mother Jones (1925) by Mother Jones
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/65079/pg65079-images.html

Anarchists in the Spanish Revolution (1990) by Josรฉ Peirats
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://files.libcom.org/files/Peirats%20J.%20Anarchists%20in%20the%20Spanish%20Revolution.pdf


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Marxism-Leninism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Institutionalized doctrine that fuses Marxโ€™s theory with Leninโ€™s praxis as codified official party ideology, applying the idea of historical materialism to a practical program of revolutionary vanguardism and a state-led transition to socialism.

Tier 1
Dialectical and Historical Materialism (1938) by Joseph Stalin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1938/09.htm

The Path Which Led Me To Leninism (1960) by Ho Chi Minh
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/ho-chi-minh/works/1960/04/x01.htm

The Khruschevites (1976) by Enver Hoxha
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/1976/khruschevites/index.htm

Tier 2
Marxism and the National Question (1913) by Joseph Stalin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1913/03a.htm

Workers Manage Factories in Yugoslavia (1950) by Josip Broz Tito
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/tito/1950/06/26.htm

Marxism and Problems of Linguistics (1950) by Joseph Stalin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1950/jun/20.htm

History Will Absolve Me (1953) by Fidel Castro
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/history/cuba/archive/castro/1953/10/16.htm

Guerilla Warfare (1961) by Che Guevara
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.cheguevara.org/Guerrilla-Warfare.pdf

Eurocommunism is Anti-Communism (1980) by Enver Hoxha
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/euroco/env2-1.htm

Tier 3
Foundations of Leninism (1924) by Joseph Stalin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1924/foundations-leninism/

The People's Front (1938) by Earl Browder
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/browder/peoples-front/index.htm

Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR (1951) by Joseph Stalin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1951/economic-problems/index.htm

Imperialism and the Revolution (1979) by Enver Hoxha
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/imp_rev/toc.htm

Revolution in Laos: Practice and Prospects (1981) by Kaysone Phomvihane
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://en.prolewiki.org/wiki/Library:Revolution_in_Laos

Women's Liberation and the African Freedom Struggle (1990) by Thomas Sankara
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://files.libcom.org/files/thomas-sankara-womens-liberation-and-the-african-freedom-struggle.pdf


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Illegalism and Insurrectionary Anarchism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Both support propaganda of the deed as a method of revolutionary struggle, with Illegalism having roots in Individualist Anarchism while Insurrectionary Anarchism shares overlap with Anarcho-Communism.

Tier 1
A Letter from Mazas Prison (1886) by Clรฉment Duval
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/clement-duval-a-letter-from-cleement-duval

Why I Was a Burglar (1905) by Marius Jacob
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/marius-jacob-why-i-was-a-burglar

Byzantinism and Limpness (1909) by Michel Antoine
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/michel-antoine-byzantinism-and-limpness

Is the Illegalist Anarchist Our Comrade? (1911) by ร‰mile Armand
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/emile-armand-is-the-illegalist-anarchist-our-comrade

Two Lectures on the Bonnot Affair (1912) by Victor Serge
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/victor-serge-two-lectures-on-the-bonnot-affair

Tier 2
The Anarchism of ร‰mile Armand (1907) by ร‰mile Armand
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/emile-armand-the-anarchism-of-emile-armand

Toward the Creative Nothing (1924) by Renzo Novatore
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/renzo-novatore-toward-the-creative-nothing

The Principal of Organization to the Light of Anarchism (1927) by Luigi Galleani
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/luigi-galleani-the-principal-of-organization-to-the-light-of-anarchism

Armed Joy (1977) by Alfredo Bonnano
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/alfredo-m-bonanno-armed-joy

Tier 3
The Ego and Its Own (1844) by Max Stirner
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stirner/ego-and-its-own.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBOex4R61Oo

Against War, Against Peace, For The Social Revolution (1914) by Luigi Galleani
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/luigi-galleani-against-war-against-peace-for-the-social-revolution

The End of Anarchism? (1925) by Luigi Galleani
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/luigi-galleani-the-end-of-anarchism

Anarchists Never Surrender (1938) by Victor Serge
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/victor-serge-anarchists-never-surrender

The Bonnot Gang (1987) by Richard Parry
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/richard-parry-the-bonnot-gang-the-story-of-the-french-illegalists

The Coming Insurrection (2007) by The Invisible Committee
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/comite-invisible-the-coming-insurrection

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Trotskyism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Based on Leon Trotsky's work, stresses permanent revolution, proletarian internationalism, and an opposition to bureaucratic degeneration.

Tier 1
The Lessons of October (1924) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1924/lessons/index.htm

The Transitional Program (1938) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1938/tp/

Their Morals and Ours (1938) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1938/morals/morals.htm

Fascism: What It Is and How to Fight It (1944) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/works/1944/1944-fas.htm

Tier 2
Terrorism and Communism (1920) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1920/terrcomm/index.htm

The Permanent Revolution and Results and Prospects (1930) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1931/tpr/index.htm

Tier 3
The Third International After Lenin (1928) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1928/3rd/index.htm

History of the Russian Revolution (1930) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1930/hrr/

The Revolution Betrayed (1936) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1936/revbet/

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Anarcho-Pacificism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

https://blogs.law.columbia.edu/uprising1313/files/2017/10/Civil-Disobedience-by-Henry-David-Thoreau.pdf


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Maoism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Developed by Mao Zedong, argues for peasant-led revolution, protracted peopleโ€™s war, mass mobilization, and adapting Marxist strategy to agrarian societies.

Tier 1
Analysis of The Classes In Chinese Society (1926) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_1.htm

Oppose Book Worship (1930) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-6/mswv6_11.htm

Be Concerned With the Well-Being of the Masses, Pay Attention to Methods of Work (1934) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_10.htm

Combat Liberalism (1937) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_03.htm

Serve The People (1944) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-3/mswv3_19.htm

Bombard The Headquarters (1966) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-9/mswv9_63.htm

Tier 2
On Contradiction (1937) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_17.htm

On Practice' (1937) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_16.htm

On Protracted War (1938) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_09.htm

On New Democracy (1940) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_26.htm

Tier 3
Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement In Hunan (1927) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_2.htm

On Guerrilla Warfare (1937) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/1937/guerrilla-warfare/

The Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party (1939) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_23.htm

On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People (1957) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-5/mswv5_58.htm

Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung (1964) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/red-book/index.htm


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Marxism-Leninism-Maoism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Treats Maoism as a higher stage of Marxismโ€“Leninism, emphasizing peasant-led, protracted peopleโ€™s war, the mass line, and continuing revolution to prevent bureaucratic degeneration.

Tier 1
On Gonzalo Thought (1988) by the Communist Party of Peru
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://michaelharrison.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/On-Gonzalo-Thought-1st-Congress.pdf

Marxism-Leninism-Maoism or Revisionism? (1990) by Prachanda
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.bannedthought.net/Nepal/Problems-Prospects/p_mlmor_revisionism.html

Tier 2
General Political Line (1988) by the Communist Party of Peru
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://bannedthought.net/Peru/CPP/Documents/GeneralPoliticalLineOfTheCommunistPartyOfPeru-1988-OCR.pdf

The Great Leap Forward: An Inevitable Need of History (2001) by the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.bannedthought.net/Nepal/Worker/Worker-07/GreatLeapForward-Prachanda-010200.htm

Hold High the Bright Red Banner of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism (2004) by the Communist Party of India (Maoist)
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.bannedthought.net/India/CPI-Maoist-Docs/Founding/MLM-pamphlet.pdf

Tier 3
On the Bourgeois-Democratic State (1961) by Abimael Guzmรกn
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://bannedthought.net/Peru/Gonzalo/Guzman-OnTheBourgeois-DemocraticState-1961-Thesis-OCR-sm.pdf

Philippine Society and Revolution (1970) by Amado Guerrero
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/history/philippines/cpp/guerrero/1970/psr.htm

Problems & Prospects of Revolution in Nepal (2004) by Prachanda and the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://bannedthought.net/Nepal/Problems-Prospects/index.htm


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Socialism with Chinese Characteristics
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Adapts and institutionalizes Marxismโ€“Leninism to Chinese conditions by marrying one-party rule and state control of strategic sectors with market-oriented reforms to drive modernization.

Tier 1
Emancipate the Mind, Seek Truth From Facts and Unite As One In Looking to the Future (1978) by Deng Xiaoping
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1978/110.htm

Uphold the Four Cardinal Principles (1979) by Deng Xiaoping
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1979/115.htm

We Can Develop A Market Economy Under Socialism (1979) by Deng Xiaoping
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1979/152.htm

To Build Socialism We Must First Develop the Productive Forces (1980) by Deng Xiaoping
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1980/101.htm

Tier 2
On the Reform of the System of Party and State Leadership (1980) by Deng Xiaoping
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1980/220.htm

Tier 3
Build Socialism With Chinese Characteristics (1984) by Deng Xiaoping
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.bannedthought.net/China/Individuals/DengXiaoping/DengXiaoping-BuildSocialismWithChineseCharacteristics.pdf

On the โ€œThree Representsโ€ (2000) by Jiang Zemin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://archive.org/details/JiangZeminThreeRepresents

Report to the 17th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (2007) by Hu Jintao
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-10/24/content_6204564.htm

The Governance of China (2014) by Xi Jinping
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.bannedthought.net/China/Individuals/XiJinping/XiJinping-TheGovernanceOfChina.pdf


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Maoism-Third Worldism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Blends Maoist strategy with Third-Worldist analysis, arguing the revolutionary proletariat is concentrated in oppressed (Global South) countries while much First-World labor is seen as privileged or comprador.

Tier 1
Long Live the Victory of Peopleโ€™s War! (1965) by Lin Bao
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/lin-biao/1965/09/peoples_war/index.htm

Message to the Tricontinental (1967) by Che Guevara
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/guevara/1967/04/16.htm

Tier 2
White-Settler Colonialism and the Myth of Investment Imperialism (1972) by Arghiri Emmanuel
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://pdfhost.io/v/QUJ7qnsaq_WhiteSettler_Colonialism_and_the_Myth_of_Investment_Imperialism

Unequal Development (1973) by Samir Amin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.prisoncensorship.info/archive/books/Economics/UnequalDevelopment_SamirAmin.pdf

Foreign Trade and the Law of Value (1979) by Anwar Shaikh
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://sci-hub.ru/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40402184
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://sci-hub.ru/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40402218

Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat (1983) by J. Sakai
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://readsettlers.org/text-index.html

Eurocentrism (1989) by Samir Amin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://contrapoder.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/08.-AMIN.pdf

The Wealth of (Some) Nations (2019) by Zak Cope
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://leftypol.org/edu/src/1655353202103-0.pdf

Tier 3
Accumulation on a World Scale (1971) by Samir Amin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://annas-archive.org/md5/89ae1cfad31b7ba8d06acbdba571f721

Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade (1972) by Arghiri Emmanuel
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.prisoncensorship.info/archive/books/Economics/UnequalExchange_ArghiriEmmanuel.pdf

Delinking: Towards a Polycentric World (1986) by Samir Amin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://libgen.gl/edition.php?id=138497885

Divided World, Divided Class (2012) by Zak Cope
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.prisoncensorship.info/archive/books/Economics/DividedWorldDividedClass_ZakCope.pdf

Capitalism: Competition, Conflict, Crisis (2016) by Anwar Shaikh
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://annas-archive.org/md5/dca03bd15eaa085b7c3dd60ea199427e


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Juche
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
The official state ideology of North Korea, stressing political independence, economic self-sufficiency, self-defense, and the central role of the leader in guiding the nation.

Tier 1
For the Establishment of a United Party of the Working Masses (1946) by Kim Il Sung
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/1946/08/29.pdf

On the Occasion of the Founding of the Korean Peopleโ€™s Army (1948) by Kim Il Sung
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/1948/02/08.pdf

On Eliminating Dogmatism and Formalism and Establishing Juche in Ideological Work (1955) by Kim Il Sung
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/1955/12/28.htm

Ten Principles for the Establishment of a Monolithic Ideological System (1974) by Kim Il Sung
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www2.law.columbia.edu/course_00S_L9436_001/North%20Korea%20materials/10%20principles%20of%20juche.html

The Juche Idea is an Idea that Has Inherited and Developed the Progressive Ideologies of Mankind (1986) by Kim Jong Il
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/The-Juche-Idea-Is-An-Idea-That-Has-Inherited-And-Developed-The-Progressive-Ideologies-Of-Mankind.pdf

Ours is the Socialism of Juche (1994) by Kim Il Sung
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/1994/04/16.pdf

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea is a Juche-Oriented Socialist State with Invincible Might (2008) by Kim Jong Il
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/The-Democratic-Peoples-Republic-Of-Korea-Is-A-Juche-Oriented-Socialist-State-With-Invincible-Might.pdf

Let Us March Forward Dynamically Towards Final Victory, Holding Higher the Banner of Songun (2012) by Kim Jong Un
๐Ÿ“– ยท http://www.korean-books.com.kp/KBMbooks/en/work/leader3/1201.pdf

Tier 2
On the Juche Idea (1982) by Kim Jong Il
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/On-The-Juche-Idea.pdf

Our Socialism Centred on the Masses Shall Not Perish (1991) by Kim Jong Il
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/Our-Socialism-Centred-On-The-Masses-Shall-Not-Perish.pdf

Tier 3
On Juche in Our Revolution (1975) by Kim Il Sung
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://archive.org/details/KimJucheRevolutionVol1


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Italian Left-Communism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Insisting on strict Marxist orthodoxy, rejecting parliamentarism, reformist trade unions and united fronts, while promoting a revolutionary, party-centered alternative to both social democracy and Marxism-Leninism.

Tier 1
Party and Class (1921) by Amadeo Bordiga
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1921/party-class.htm

Bourgeois Violence and Proletarian Defence (1946) by Onorato Damen
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/damen/1946/bourgeois-violence.htm

Proletarian Dictatorship and Class Party (1951) by Amadeo Bordiga
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1951/class-party.htm

Centralised Party, Yes โ€“ Centralism over the Party, No! (1951) by Onorato Damen
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/damen/1951/centralised.htm

Tier 2
Party and Class Action (1921) by Amadeo Bordiga
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1921/classact.htm

The Democratic Principle (1922) by Amadeo Bordiga
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1922/democratic-principle.htm

The Lyons Theses (1926) by Amadeo Bordiga
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1926/lyons-theses.htm

The Communist Left in the Third International (1926) by Amadeo Bordiga
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1926/comintern.htm

Dialogue with Stalin (1952) by Amadeo Bordiga
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1952/stalin.htm

We Defend the Italian Left (1966) by Onorato Damen
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/damen/1966/defend.htm

Tier 3
The Fundamentals for a Marxist Orientation (1946) by Amadeo Bordiga
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1946/orientation.htm

Bordiga โ€” Beyond the Myth and the Rhetoric (1970) by Onorato Damen
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.leftcom.org/files/2018-10-02-damen-bordiga.pdf


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Council Communism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Favors workersโ€™ councils as the basis of proletarian power and organization as opposed to vanguard party centralism, arguing for direct, self-managed, council-based socialism.

Tier 1
World Revolution and Communist Tactics (1920) by Anton Pannekoek
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1920/communist-tactics.htm

The Revolution Is Not A Party Affair (1920) by Otto Rรผhle
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/ruhle/1920/ruhle02.htm

The Lenin Legend (1935) by Paul Mattick
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/mattick-paul/1935/lenin-legend.htm

Why Past Revolutionary Movements Have Failed (1940) by Anton Pannekoek
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1940/revo.htm

The Party and Class (1941) by Anton Pannekoek
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1941/party-class.htm

The Failure of the Working Class (1946) by Anton Pannekoek
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1946/failure-working-class.htm

Tier 2
Imperialism, the World War and Social Democracy (1914) by Herman Gorter
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/gorter/1914/imperialism.htm

The World Revolution (1918) by Herman Gorter
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/gorter/1918/world-revolution.htm

Report from Moscow (1920) by Otto Rรผhle
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/ruhle/1920/ruhle01.htm

Lenin As Philosopher (1938) by Anton Pannekoek
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1938/lenin/index.htm

The Struggle Against Fascism Begins with the Struggle Against Bolshevism (1939) by Otto Rรผhle
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/ruhle/1939/ruhle01.htm

Spontaneity and Organisation (1949) by Paul Mattick
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/mattick-paul/1949/spontaneity.htm

Tier 3
An Open Letter to Comrade Lenin (1920) by Herman Gorter
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/gorter/1920/open-letter.htm

Workers' Councils (1942) by Anton Pannekoek
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1947/workers-councils.htm

Marx and Keynes: The Limits of the Mixed Economy (1969) by Paul Mattick
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/mattick-paul/1969/marx-keynes/index.htm

Anti-Bolshevik Communism (1978) by Paul Mattick
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://files.libcom.org/files/paul-mattick-anti-bolshevik-communism-2007_0.pdf


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Frankfurt School
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“








โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Neo-Marxism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Post-Marxism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
R: 15 / I: 5

Well well well leftists..

Trump is a fraud, you were right about this, however.. You don't have a [peaceful] solution for anything. So America is pretty much done for.
R: 7 / I: 0
I guess I am a bit too late and should have made this post a week ago (on November the 5th), but still…

Who else hates this retarded movie and is embarassed of his teenager self for ever thinking it to be "cool" and "deep" work of art? Now I see it for what it is: two rich Hollywood queers had bastardised the anarchist satire of Thatcher's Britain (the original Alan Moore comic) and had turned it into a cringe ass USAmerican liberal revenge fantasy (and a thiny veiled promotion of the "Bush did 9/11" conspiracy theory).
R: 519 / I: 115

Fallout General - What side is do you choose in Fallout new Vegas ?

of course most /pol/tards side with caser's legion but looking at it almost every single faction is awful one way or the other, The NCR is literally a reboot of America that is in the middle of a manifest destiny, House is a egotistical maniac and probably appeals to Musk bros and Yes man is just a libertarian wet dream
R: 3 / I: 1
>be me
>as a kid I always wanted to try game dev
>tried it out a couple of times throughout my life
>never do it consistently
>this year I tried pico8 because of a youtube video
>made a cookie clicker clone, pretty proud of it
>dont do any gamedev shit for like 5 months
>brackey's game jam this august
>managed to sit my ass on godot for a week after work and cranked out a simple first person game even with handicap (full-time wagie)
>barely did game dev shit since
>I feel guilty for not nourishing this hobby
>it feels cyclical and like inspiration just hits me, but when I don't feel motivated I feel like something's fucking wrong with me
>friend with more game dev experience tells me she's the same and it's normal

idk I just feel like I am not fucking normal, I hate the fact that my motivation can just…go

My head is filled with ideas and yet my body doesn't have the will to turn them into reality. It fucking sucks. Any advice?
R: 2 / I: 0
>In 1983 the video game industry crashed, plunging from an estimated global market value of $42 billion in 1982 to only $14 billion in 1985. It was catastrophic for what had seemed an unstoppable industry and, like most economic crashes, spawned many myths about its causes and outcomes.

>The popular imagination blames the crash on a combination of poor-quality games (most famously, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial), the rise of home computers, and the increasing number of video game consoles for consumers to choose from. These myths have largely been accepted and perpetuated by historians, social media personalities and popular culture.


>Fast forward to 2025 and the video game industry seems to be going through another crash. Just this year alone, according to the website GamingLayoffs.com, the industry collectively has laid off 3,563 game developers. Gaming website Kotaku reports that Virtuous Ltd, the studio behind one of the biggest successes of the year with The Elder Scrolls: Oblivion Remastered, is laying off three hundred employees.


>What the crash of 1983 and the ongoing crash of 2025 have in common is that in both cases, most media, historians and social media influencers have muddied the waters on the cause and source of the crisis.


>In a way, the gaming industry is a canary in the capitalist coal mine. Video games are a sort of luxury goods โ€“ nobody ever died from not being able to play Donkey Kong Country or failing to grab the latest Call of Duty game. What this means in practice is that the capitalists who own and run the industry can be as greedy and rapacious as possible, above and beyond what they think they can get away with in more โ€œseriousโ€ industries.


>Going back to 1983, Atariโ€™s home version of Pac-Man โ€“ considered one of the worst games ever made โ€“ still managed to sell a total of seven million copies. Subjectively thatโ€™s an eye watering sum of units to sell; objectively it was the highest selling game the Atari console would ever sell. But despite this, Pac-Man for the Atari 2600 console reveals one of the unspoken truths about capitalism: itโ€™s not enough to be successful. While Pac-Man sold seven million units, the corporate executives had banked on selling twelve million โ€“ that target would have required every single Atari console owner, plus another two million people, to purchase a copy.


>Now, fast forward to 2025. The Elder Scrolls: Oblivion Remastered sold nine million copies according to the parent company, Bethesda Studios. Many of these units were sold online without the company having to pay for manufacturing and distributing a physical game disc. Despite this and the fact that it opened up to universal praise from critics and players, the studio who did the bulk of development is being hit with mass layoffs.


>Back in 1983, Atari lost money on Pac-Man and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial partly because, in that era, developers were financially responsible for buying back unsold games from retailers. But that wasnโ€™t enough to crash the industry โ€“ the problem wasnโ€™t with retailers or gamers, but with the executives. In 1982, Atariโ€™s parent company Warner Communications projected that revenues would only increase fifteen percent, down from fifty percent earlier in the year. This prompted a panic among investors, who sold off their stocks and withdrew investment money.


>Video games are capital intensive and require a skilled workforce to produce, with the average game developer needing a bachelorโ€™s degree in computer science or software engineering. Many developers experience whatโ€™s called โ€œcrunch,โ€ a time when mismanagement by corporate executives causes workers to go through mandatory 60-hour to 80-hour work weeks, often without overtime pay or sick days. According to Jason Schrier in the New York Times, at least half of industry employees have gone through crunch and, as a result, have experienced serious physical and mental health problems such as ulcers, memory loss, severe anxiety and PTSD.


>When we are children, we love playing games in which we are super spies, Italian plumbers or magic heroes on a quest. As children weโ€™re also taught that capitalism is about being successful and making money.


>Gaming journalist Stephanie Sterling once said, โ€œGames are not too expensive to make โ€“ executives are too expensive to pay.โ€ The people who make all the money in the games industry donโ€™t do any of the actual programming, writing or art behind the games. They assume none of the risk and their whims and projections are based off of nothing but gut feelings that can destroy the lives of thousands.


>The lie of capitalism, which the video games industry lays bare, is that itโ€™s not enough to be successful. Even if you make money, you and your job will be destroyed because investors will forever expect astronomical profits, and mass layoffs are the only way to give the illusion of eternal growth.


>E.T. didnโ€™t kill Atari โ€“ capitalism did.
R: 627 / I: 180 (full)

/USApol/ ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ”ฅ

๐Ÿ—ฝ UNITED STATES POLITICS ๐Ÿฆ…

<Epstein's Ghost Edition


Thread for hellish discussion of the Dying Burger Reich: Things are going to continue to happen in the stupidest ways possible that no one really takes seriously, where every single person compulsively reacts with either cynical grifting or useless panic and appealing to a political system of liberal democracy that is entirely dead and irrelevant. things will continue to get gradually worse, more people will lose their jobs and homes, the most destitute and marginalized will be oppressed by state-backed domestic terrorism, but the decay will simply continue and everyone who isn't actively being imprisoned and forced into slavery or outright exterminated will simply ignore it and maintain a cognitive dissonance of believing a civil war is happening while living their lives in a mostly normal fashion. The death of the United States will be slow, painful, and insufferably annoying and stupid. ๐Ÿˆ ๐Ÿ’ต
Death to the scourge of the earth, the destroyer of nations, the father of fascism, the enabler of ethnostates, the treatlerite tyrant, the protector of pedophiles, the exporter of ecocide, the captain of capitalism, the king of coups, the sultan of sanctions, the emir of the embargo, the autocrat of austerity, the doge of deregulation, the baron of busting unions, the prince of privatization, the lord of loan sharks, the patron-saint of proxy wars, the sponsor of settlers, the guarantor of genocides, the invader of islands, the Divided $nakkkes of Amerikkkaโ„ข ๐ŸŒญ ๐Ÿ”

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ Strike Tracker โš’๏ธ
https://striketracker.ilr.cornell.edu/

๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ Deeds of the Burger Reich ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
https://github.com/dessalines/essays/blob/main/us_atrocities.md
https://williamblum.org/essays/read/overthrowing-other-peoples-governments-the-master-list

๐Ÿ“บ Glowie News ๐Ÿ“บ
(sponsored by the Burger Eagle Freedom Institute (formerly USAID))
โ€ข CNN: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/cnn-news-usa.html
โ€ข MSNBC: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/msnbc.html
โ€ข FOX: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/fox-news-channel.html
โ€ข Bloomberg: https://www.bloomberg.com/live/us

๐Ÿš๏ธ Local News ๐Ÿš๏ธ
https://www.50states.com/ce/

โœŠLive Protest StreamsโœŠ
https://woke.net/

๐Ÿ๏ธ Epstein's Client List๐Ÿ๏ธ
https://epsteinsblackbook.com/

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฑ Track Zionazis (apparently ShareBlue backed, gross)๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฑ
https://www.trackaipac.com/

๐Ÿ“–Read, Burgga, Read! ๐Ÿ“–
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXUFLW8t2sntNn5jQO8vF7ai9x0fna3PV

Previous Thread: >>2557702

Remember to filter mass tor baiters, feds, and trolls
Not reporting is bourgeois
Violators will be launched from trebuchet
R: 1 / I: 0
>a good portion of women are already left-wing and some are even extremists
>fascists don't read

HEY JIMMY! GIMME A STRAWMAN WITH NUTHIN
R: 2 / I: 0

Menthol Baths: The DIY Stress Inoculation Protocol

Menthol baths, especially when combined with expired OC residue or peppermint oil, provide a low-grade irritant exposure that mimics the sensory chaos of real pepper spray incidents. The cold-then-burning sensation trains the body to stay calm under duress, a core principle of stress inoculation training used by elite military and police units. Over time, this builds pain tolerance, reduces panic, and conditions the respiratory and ocular systems to remain operational in high-stress chemical environments.
R: 4 / I: 1
If the price of something is determined by the amount of human work that goes into it, how does one explain the price of luxury items or artworks (which only require a little bit of work but are overpriced due to the supply/demand imbalance)?

It might seem like a bunch of impertinent exceptions that could be overlooked but
- the luxury industry is far from being marginal
- if the premise that the value of something is determined by the amount of human work that goes into it isn't true in every context, then the whole law of falling rate of profit doesn't hold true in every context either

(It's been 3 years since I last read Das Kapital and I'm too lazy to read it again)
R: 26 / I: 1
>but muh marx

Apple just launched a new revolutionary product that completely changes how you can use your phone. Will bernd get the $149.95 version, or the $229.95 pro version that comes with a long strap? It's even compatible with icky green bubble androids.
https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2025/11/introducing-iphone-pocket-a-beautiful-way-to-wear-and-carry-iphone/
>ISSEY MIYAKE and Apple today unveiled iPhone Pocket. Inspired by the concept of โ€œa piece of cloth,โ€ its singular 3D-knitted construction is designed to fit any iPhone as well as all pocketable items.
>Born from the idea of creating an additional pocket, its understated design fully encloses iPhone, expanding to fit more of a userโ€™s everyday items. When stretched, the open textile subtly reveals its contents and allows users to peek at their iPhone display. iPhone Pocket can be worn in a variety of ways โ€” handheld, tied onto bags, or worn directly on the body.
R: 327 / I: 65

The mass grooming of young men into nazism on the sharty and imageboards

Imageboards have of course been filled with nazis for a fuck ton of time from even the start, but most people agree it mainly started when moot added /news/ then all the chudcels flooded the rest of the site, then created /pol/ and the rest is history.

With that being said, how do we realistically combat the mass grooming of people into nazism through imageboards? The sharty is becoming the new 8chan but with way more cultural influence on the wider internet and the rest of the population is filled with young children, we have already seen solomon (a mass shooter that was a black man yet he was also a white supremacist with sharty connections) commit a mass shooting. With that being said clearly a lot of these young men are isolated and angry, doxxing random literal WHOS because they are trans, or even doing raids that help the federal government because the site is influenced by glowies. They even raided our very booru 2 days ago, and ILLEGAL CONTENT was posted (this was done by foodist nazis not soyteens but still scary that itโ€™s that prevalent with their raids).

And with the thought on raids we can see some of these young people are being groomed into actual pedophile nazi communities but the sharty staff and wiki are so up their asses that they canโ€™t see they have ideological similarities with the nazi foodists and thatโ€™s why they surround them.

They have crushed /leftysoy/ and banned many leftists on their wiki including me, I think this is gonna evolve into something much worst if we donโ€™t do anything.