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R: 518 / I: 107

/USApol/ ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ

๐Ÿ—ฝUNITED STATES POLITICS ๐Ÿฆ…

<Total Dollar Death Edition


>"I'll take a Double Triple No-Bossy Deluxe on a Hammer, 19x17 Mao style, extra sickles with a wheat laurel and a fist, light tank tread grease; make it sing the internationale, raise it high, and let it wave."


๐Ÿ› ๏ธ Strike Tracker โš’๏ธ
https://striketracker.ilr.cornell.edu/

๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ Deeds of the Burger Reich ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
https://github.com/dessalines/essays/blob/main/us_atrocities.md
https://williamblum.org/essays/read/overthrowing-other-peoples-governments-the-master-list

๐Ÿ“บ Glowie News ๐Ÿ“บ
(sponsored by the Burger Eagle Freedom Institute (formerly USAID))
โ€ข CNN: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/cnn-news-usa.html
โ€ข MSNBC: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/msnbc.html
โ€ข FOX: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/fox-news-channel.html
โ€ข Bloomberg: https://www.bloomberg.com/live/us

๐Ÿš๏ธ Local News ๐Ÿš๏ธ
https://www.50states.com/ce/

โœŠLive Protest StreamsโœŠ
https://woke.net/

๐Ÿ๏ธ Epstein's Client List๐Ÿ๏ธ
https://epsteinsblackbook.com/
https://www.justice.gov/epstein/doj-disclosures

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฑ Track Zionazis (warning: ShareBlue)๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฑ
https://www.trackaipac.com/

๐Ÿ“–Read, Burgga, Read! ๐Ÿ“–
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXUFLW8t2sntNn5jQO8vF7ai9x0fna3PV

Weeks as Decades Reading List
https://erikhoudini.com/weeksasdecadesreadinglist

Previous thread: >>2655550

Remember, legal + illegal struggle
Remember, praxis + theory
Remember, it's not impossible
R: 76 / I: 13

/sg/ - Syrian Civil War General #26 - 2019 /sg/ memes edition

Recent news:
SDF rejects the agreement and vows that they'd fight.
Prison break in Shaddad, freeing ~1000 ISIS veterans.
Aqtan prison (which houses ISIS members) north of Raqqa gets besieged.
Clashes in Kobani & Hasakah countrysides.
Breach in Al-Hol camp, which is now mostly emptied.
New agreement signed by both the STG & SDF.

Links:
t.me/Medmannews - Well known channel (Egyptian owner). Posts frequently about MENA
t.me/Middle_East_Spectator - Iranian owner
t.me/Suriyak_maps - Posts maps/latest news. Less prone to hype/hysteria but slower.
https://nitter.poast.org/SAMSyria0 - Local Syrian army soldier. Used to post in Arabic. (Account deleted. RIP)
https://nitter.poast.org/bosni94
https://nitter.poast.org/Sy_intelligence
https://nitter.poast.org/sayed_ridha
https://nitter.poast.org/QalaatAlMudiq
https://nitter.poast.org/Gargaristan
https://syria.liveuamap.com
R: 5 / I: 0

do you guys miss clubbing?

ngl im happy more people see it as a scam where you just pay girls a 70$ bottle that can be bought off a walmart for 20$ while you get ignored or tolerated because you aren't hot enough, but i also wish i was there in the 2000s to dance off and live it before club culture dies, but i wasn't rich or hot ever
R: 500 / I: 116

/ISG/ - Internet Spectacle General

A thread focused on discussing the parasocial relationships cultivated by the Almighty Algorithm to generate profit off of our atomization and society's commodification of petty internet drama.
Brace through the hyper-real lacanian void together!

Reminder That None of This Is Real!โ„ข
ษขส€แด€ส™ แด€ แด˜แด€ษชส€ แด๊œฐ sแด˜แด‡แด„แด›แด€แด„สŸแด‡s

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

CORE THEORY
>The Society of the Spectacle (1967) by Guy Debord
๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/debord/society.htm
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0blWjssVoUQ

<The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction (1936) by Walter Benjamin

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/benjamin.htm
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=blq9sCIyXgA

>The Culture Industry from Dialectic of Enlightenment (1944) by Theodore Adorno & Max Horkheimer

๐Ÿ““ โ€ข https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/adorno/1944/culture-industry.htm
๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://libcom.org/article/dialectic-enlightenment-philosophical-fragments-theodor-adorno-and-marx-horkheimer
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hSLdd8R8mY

<Understanding Media (1964) by Marshall McLuhan

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://designopendata.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/understanding-media-mcluhan.pdf
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09ML9n5f1fE

>One-Dimensional Man (1964) by Herbert Marcuse

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://libcom.org/article/one-dimensional-man-studies-ideology-advanced-industrial-society-herbert-marcuse
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZCoLbEkAqs

<Discipline and Punish (1975) by Michel Foucault

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/michel-foucault-discipline-and-punishment
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s82uU4iRuko

>Simulacra and Simulation (1981) by Jean Baudrillard

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://dn720006.ca.archive.org/0/items/baudrillard.-1970.-the-consumer-society/Baudrillard.1981.Simulacra-and-Simulation.pdf
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Yxg2_6_YLs

<Manufacturing Consent (1988) by Edward S. Herman & Noam Chomsky

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://libcom.org/article/manufacturing-consent-political-economy-mass-media-noam-chomsky-and-edward-s-herman
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34LGPIXvU5M

>The Sublime Object of Ideology (1989) by Slavoj Zizek

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://altexploit.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/slavoj-zizek-the-sublime-object-of-ideology-second-edition-the-essential-zizek-2009.pdf
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TtIckkHsUQ4

<Postscript on the Societies of Control (1990) by Gilles Deleuze

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/gilles-deleuze-postscript-on-the-societies-of-control
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hu4Cq_-bLlY

>Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (1991) by Fredric Jameson

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://www.are.na/block/4114741
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4k26xGx1zI

<Spectres of Marx (1993) by Jacques Derrida

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://libcom.org/library/specters-marx-jacques-derrida
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJr0NwXWb6Q

>Capitalist Realism (2009) by Mark Fisher

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข https://libcom.org/article/capitalist-realism-mark-fisher
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Cb5XJH4NMI

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

>Precursor Material to Post-modernity and Critical Theory

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข Karl Marx - Book 1, Chapter 4 of Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts (1844)
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/labour.htm
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข Why Marx Was Right: Alienation - PlasticPills
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPRxxN4Kh30

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข Georg Lukรกcs - Chapter 4 of History and Class Consciousness (1923)
https://www.marxists.org/archive/lukacs/works/history/hcc05.htm
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข Marxism After Marx: Reification - The Marxist Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZiI-QKxBKI

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข Antonio Gramsci - Book 1, Chapter 1 of Selections from the Prison Notebooks (1929)
https://www.marxists.org/archive/gramsci/prison_notebooks/problems/intellectuals.htm
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข Hegemony: WTF? An introduction to Gramsci and cultural hegemony - Tom Nicholas
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-LI_2-qsovo

๐Ÿ“– โ€ข Louis Althusser - Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (1970)
https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/althusser/1970/ideology.htm
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข Althusser's Concept of Ideology: A Discussion with Anthony Gavin - Acid Horizon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtOqXxkKwvw


<Documentaries

โ€ข The Society of the Spectacle (1974) by Guy Debord
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjF6I6SYjgA

โ€ข Manufacturing Consent (1992) by Mark Achbar & Peter Wintonick, with Noam Chomsky
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Li2m3rvsO0I

โ€ข The Pervert's Guide to Cinema (2006) and The Pervert's Guide to Ideology (2012) by Sophie Fiennes, with Slavoj Zizek
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYuI4SFw4g0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBcFLmu_tlc

โ€ข HyperNormalisation (2016) by Adam Curtis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bv3Tr3jvZM&rco


>Easy-Bake Breadtube (for absolute beginners)

โ€ข We're All Fake Now - Wisecrack
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTW1mPOJJ_Y

โ€ข Are Cell Phones Replacing Reality? - PBS Idea Channel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AXIAM7dTTg

โ€ข The Cultural Significance of Cyberpunk - Cuck Philosophy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nvor7hhDKTs

โ€ข Introduction to Critical Theory for the 21st Century - Nathan Dufour
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7stVZPGxIw

โ€ข The Work of Art in the Age of Surveillance Capitalism - Brendan Morris
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNKiBJJFXZI


<Situationist Archives

โ€ข https://situationist.org/
โ€ข https://notbored.org/SI.html
โ€ข https://bopsecrets.org/SI/index.htm

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

RECOMMENDED OP-EDS
โ€ข I Donโ€™t Want to Be an Internet Person by Ginevra Davis
https://www.palladiummag.com/2022/11/04/i-do-not-want-to-be-an-internet-person/

โ€ข Pluralistic: Tiktok's enshittification by Cory Doctorow
https://pluralistic.net/2023/01/21/potemkin-ai/#hey-guys

โ€ข Facebook's Threads is so depressing by Jason O. Gilbert
https://jogblog.substack.com/p/facebooks-threads-is-so-depressing
R: 12 / I: 0

What are your thoughts on existentialism ?

As I understand, Sartre is in opposition to Marx when it comes to how he views the individual. For him, the individual is condemned to be free, which contradicts the marxist historicism and dialectical movement.
However, he tries to come back to Marx through his book "critique of the dialectic".
Anybody QRD ? I'm interested in learning more about him. I've only read "Is existentialism a humanism ?" and mainly viewed it as midwit philosophy that reduces everything to human agency. Am I missing something ?
R: 100 / I: 14

/Autism/

๐Ÿง  Autism General ๐Ÿง 
A thread for the most Autistic of Leftists such as myself to discuss politics related to Autism.
I don't know if this should be in Siberia or not but I guess mods could move it if it does
R: 7 / I: 4
Comfort characters say "trans rights!" thread
R: 400 / I: 78

/prc/ 20๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ณ

/PRC/ People's Republic of China 20๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ณ
>Deng Xiaoping Edition
Original threads:
https://archive.ph/S2XYA
https://archive.ph/Ytckv

leftypol.org archives:
https://archive.is/https://leftypol.org/leftypol/res/30501.html

bunekrchan.xyz archives:
https://archive.is/https://bunkerchan.xyz/leftypol/res/8925.html
https://archive.is/yrBUN
https://archive.is/pCecr
previous thread: >>2586643
R: 74 / I: 5

Luxembourg mid af

Rosa Luxembourg is the most overrated over-glazed communist of all time. In every dispute/difference she had with Lenin, history demonstrated her wrong. Theoretical or practical, nothing of value. It makes me wonder how such a naive person could become one of the Leaders of the German Communists.
R: 36 / I: 13

Why are Nazis so DEI now?

>Nick Fuentes
Gay Mexican
>Sneako
Filipino and Haitian
>Candace Owens
Black Women
>Fresh and Fit
Sudanese and Barbadian duo
>Stonetoss
Puerto Rican
>Every greek statue profile picture cyrtpto-Nazi account on Twitter
Indian
You can debate whether or not these guys are all Nazis but they all have defended Hitler at some point and either denied, revised, or downplayed the Holocaust. And they are also all at least White-Nationalits.
I myself am a white man and also Heterosexual and Cisgender and I understand why another white man with no class consciousness would be a white supremacist BUT WHY WOULD A BLACK OR BROWN PERSON BE A WHITE SUPREMACIST?!?!?! Why are these Cucks trying to suck my dick?!?!?!
R: 193 / I: 31

/leftybritpol/ - a new terror edition

https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2026/01/16/jygg-j16.html

Governments advance universal digital identification, mass surveillance and censorship

<The governments of the United States, the European Union, Britain and Australia are moving in coordination to abolish online anonymity and impose universal systems of digital identification. Under the pretext of โ€œprotecting children,โ€ they are constructing a framework of surveillance and censorship aimed at countering the political radicalization of workers and youth.
R: 16 / I: 5
Miku says READ A FUCKING BOOK
R: 67 / I: 8

/EUropol/

Previous thread:
>>2535127

So give the fact US invasion of Greenland went from provocative joke to a realistic possibility, what are the chances of European governments getting their shit together?
R: 13 / I: 1
Would microdosing oestrogen counter male pattern baldness? Has anyone ever tried?
R: 2 / I: 0
Is there anyone her who is actually a leftist and not also a spy?
R: 125 / I: 48

/brg/ - Brazil General

EDIร‡รƒO BEBรŠ-DIABO DO ABC
"Durante um parto incrivelmente fantรกstico e cheio de mistรฉrios, correria e pรขnico por parte de enfermeiras e mรฉdicos, uma senhora deu a luz num hospital de Sรฃo Bernardo do Campo a uma estranha criatura, com aparรชncia sobrenatural, que tem todas as caracterรญsticas do diabo, em carne e osso. O bebezinho, que jรก nasceu falando e ameaรงou sua mรฃe de morte, tem o corpo totalmente cheio de pelos, dois chifres pontiagudos e um rabo de aproximadamente cinco centรญmetros, alรฉm do olhar feroz, que causa medo e arrepios."
O covil dos webcomunas no Brasil
รšltimo fio: >>14559
R: 12 / I: 1
>Carney: "we knew the story of the international rules-based order was partially false[…]this fiction was useful[…]so[…]we largely avoided calling out the gaps between rhetoric and reality"

He really just fucking said it lmao. What is going on.
R: 135 / I: 19

Addressing the end of various leftist holdout conflicts and their aftermath

The 2010s marked the effective end of most remaining communist insurgencies. Although many had been in decline for years, it was during that decade that they finally collapsed. The Naxal movement, communist insurgencies in Africa and Southeast Asia, and the last remnants of the IRA either fizzled out or ended with arrests after failed attacks and raids. In 2023, the Zapatistas dissolved their Autonomous Municipalities. The conflicts that leftist magazines and academics once wrote papers about and sometimes even traveled to for the occasional photoshoot are now over, so what is to done?
R: 448 / I: 107

The mass grooming of young men into nazism on the sharty and imageboards

Imageboards have of course been filled with nazis for a fuck ton of time from even the start, but most people agree it mainly started when moot added /news/ then all the chudcels flooded the rest of the site, then created /pol/ and the rest is history.

With that being said, how do we realistically combat the mass grooming of people into nazism through imageboards? The sharty is becoming the new 8chan but with way more cultural influence on the wider internet and the rest of the population is filled with young children, we have already seen solomon (a mass shooter that was a black man yet he was also a white supremacist with sharty connections) commit a mass shooting. With that being said clearly a lot of these young men are isolated and angry, doxxing random literal WHOS because they are trans, or even doing raids that help the federal government because the site is influenced by glowies. They even raided our very booru 2 days ago, and ILLEGAL CONTENT was posted (this was done by foodist nazis not soyteens but still scary that itโ€™s that prevalent with their raids).

And with the thought on raids we can see some of these young people are being groomed into actual pedophile nazi communities but the sharty staff and wiki are so up their asses that they canโ€™t see they have ideological similarities with the nazi foodists and thatโ€™s why they surround them.

They have crushed /leftysoy/ and banned many leftists on their wiki including me, I think this is gonna evolve into something much worst if we donโ€™t do anything.
R: 549 / I: 159

/ukr/ - Russia-Ukraine War General #279

Previous: >>2634097

SMO adhered to UN law, ignore NAFO shills edition

Evidence of the influence and origin of neo-Nazi groups in Ukraine

https://archive.ph/44B9Q
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323637
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323658
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323663
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323688
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323729
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323733
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323731
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323735
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323740
https://azovlobby.substack.com/
https://banderalobby.substack.com/

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

ALWAYS APPROACH SOURCES CRITICALLY

Live maps and updates
DeepStateMap: https://deepstatemap.live
Events in Ukraine: https://eventsinukraine.substack.com/
SouthFront: https://southfront.press/category/all-articles/world/europe/ukraine/

Watch Together
๐Ÿ“บ News/events: https://tv.leftypol.org/r/HappeningsviaKlash
๐Ÿ“บ Hangout/chill: https://tv.leftypol.org/r/bloodcast

Watch By Yourself
>Video Essays / Historical Background
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข Ukraine: The Avoidable War - Boy Boy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LL4eNy4FCs8

๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข Ukraine's Nazi Problem - The Marxist Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4yZvWAwU5W4

๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข America, Russia, and Ukraine's Far Right - Gravel Institute
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0pyVJG7_6Q

๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข The Nature of Putin's Russia and Its Causes (3-Part Series) - 1Dime
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8d6Vzi7zYg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zODWTfMwFGw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Zuygh9Mzuo

<Current Happenings

๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข The Grayzone: https://www.youtube.com/@thegrayzone7996
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข DDGeopolitics: https://www.youtube.com/@DDGeopolitics
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข Defense Politics Asia: https://www.youtube.com/@DefensePoliticsAsia
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข The Duran: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdeMVChrumySxV9N1w0Au-w
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข The News Atlas: https://www.youtube.com/c/thenewatlas
๐Ÿ“บ โ€ข Military Summary: https://www.youtube.com/@militarysummary

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

Social media
>Twitter
https://x.com/GeromanAT
https://x.com/plnewstoday
https://x.com/RALee85
https://x.com/MarQs__
https://x.com/KofmanMichael
https://x.com/IntelCrab (DEAD)
https://x.com/michaelh992
https://x.com/Suriyakmaps
https://x.com/AMK_Mapping_ (NEW)

<Telegram

https://t.me/milinfolive
https://t.me/hueviykharkov
https://t.me/conflictzone
https://t.me/vorposte
https://t.me/intelslava
https://t.me/grey_zone
https://t.me/AussieCossack
https://t.me/asbmil
https://t.me/Slavyangrad

๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ฆ
Thread guidelines:
โ€ข Please remember to add a spoiler to NSFW and extreme content such as graphic violence and gore.
โ€ข Try your best to not derail discussion too much from the main events and relevant places where the war is taken place, as well as other happenings, groups and public figures related to it.
โ€ข Meta discussion of the historical, philosophical and ideological background of the war is fine as long as its done in good faith and comradely.
โ€ข In the event the meta discussion overstays its welcome, participating users will be referred to take the conversation to the INTERNATIONALISM general thread.
โ€ข Quality shitposting and original content is encouraged! Spamming glowie memes is low effort.
โ€ข this is /ISG/ for people who treats geopolitics like shitty map games
โ€ข behead NATO, crush NATO, etc.
R: 9 / I: 2

Iranian protests #06

THOUSANDS DEAD

Inter-lumpen war - oddation

Previous threads:
https://archive.ph/dDpTN
https://archive.ph/5s7Ek
https://archive.ph/1Rvi8
https://archive.ph/Rr2SM
>>2649208 (unachievad)

Internationalist Voice (Iranian) analysis of the protests (Jan. 4-19):

>Leftists and the Mujahedin claim that monarchists are attempting to influence the protests in favour of โ€œReza Pahlaviโ€[7] by adding audio to video clips, or that this role is being played by the Islamic bourgeoisie itself, which is confident in the harmlessness of the monarchist opposition. In other words, they argue that the promotion of monarchist demands within the protests is either meaningless or marginal. This claim is partly correct, but it does not capture the full reality.


>First and foremost, it should be emphasised that the nature of a movement determines the extent to which it can be exploited or redirected. In an independent workersโ€™ movement, this possibility is considerably low; however, in an โ€œall-togetherโ€ movement, the scope for reactionary forces to intervene is much greater. Within this framework, a serious question arises: can the statement issued by students at Isfahan University, in which it was asserted that โ€œthe 1979 revolution was a historical mistake,โ€ be regarded merely as the result of external manipulation and interference?


>For leftists who, through demagoguery, consider students to be โ€œworking-class students,โ€ it is as if students necessarily advance the demands of the working class in every protest. In reality, however, students are not inherently revolutionary; at times, they can play a counter-revolutionary role, and at other times, depending on objective conditions and their connection to the class struggle, they can assume a revolutionary role. To clarify this issue, two specific examples can be cited.


>The student protests of July 1999 arose in response to the closure of the reformist[8] newspaper Salam. These protests served the interests of the reformist faction of the Islamic bourgeoisie, and students became instruments in intra-governmental struggles. Nevertheless, the movement exacted a heavy toll, leaving many dead and injured, and profoundly altered the fate of some of the students.


>In contrast, in autumn 2018, following the widespread workersโ€™ protests, students openly expressed solidarity with the workersโ€™ struggles and placed class demands at the centre of their slogans. By chanting slogans such as โ€œWe are the children of workers; we stand with them,โ€ they effectively became integrated into a segment of the workersโ€™ class movement and played a role distinct from that of previous periods.


>When the working class emerges as an independent social class in the course of societal developments, the scope for manoeuvre of not only the right- and left-wing tendencies of capital but also ultra-reactionary bourgeois forces and adventurist elements is sharply reduced. This is because the independent presence of the proletariat exposes the real contradictions of capitalism and prevents protests from being redefined and co-opted within bourgeois, pro-democracy, or imperialist frameworks.


>A clear example of this situation can be seen in the workersโ€™ protests of autumn 2018, a period during which media outlets such as the BBC, Voice of America, Radio Israel, and other bourgeois propaganda instruments were effectively sidelined and lost the ability to influence the protests. Under such conditions, bourgeois tendenciesโ€”particularly the hypocritical and liberal tendencies of the Western bourgeoisieโ€”were compelled to be silenced, as the language, perspective, and demands of these protests could not serve their class interests.


>The shameful Islamic bourgeoisie has plunged into one of the deepest crises in its disgraceful history, and consolidating itself is not so easy. To demonstrate its power and to pretend it has a social base, the Islamic bourgeoisie issued a call for marches in all cities on 11 January. This call was an overt attempt to stir public sentiment and to draw people into a government-organised demonstration.


>On 11 January 2026, the state broadcaster aired a report from the Kahrizak forensic centre showing scenes of corpses in a large warehouse. The Islamic bourgeoisie claimed that these bodies belonged to individuals who had been harmed by โ€œriotersโ€ during the protests, but the main purpose was to stir public sentiment and garner support for the government. The report displayed photographs of the corpses and the names of the deceased on a screen, while grieving families were mourning and identifying their loved ones. Interestingly, these same images are circulated by Western media as victims of the Islamic bourgeoisieโ€™s crimes. The state broadcaster also aired footage of government-supporting demonstrations, particularly in the cities of Ilam and Hamedanโ€”areas where protests against the regime had been more widespread than elsewhere.


>The war between Iran and Israel is not the result of decisions made by warmongering leaders but it is the expression of the capitalist system today. Regardless of the political faรงade a state adoptsโ€”be it democratic or dictatorial, peace-seeking or openly militaristicโ€”they all share one fundamental trait: sacrificing the working class as cannon fodder in imperialist wars. Without exception, they are all war criminals.


https://www.internationalistvoice.org/

Recent reports from the streets by Worker-Communist Party of Iran (Hekmatist) translated from Farsi (Jan. 7-13)

>The Iranian people do not need a military attack by American bombers, nor do they need international criminals to intensify sanctions and attack their livelihoods for freedom, prosperity, and equality, to be free from the clutches of the Islamic Republic. Lifting sanctions, preventing a military attack on Iran, and cutting off the hands of international criminals from their lives and struggles is the demand of tens of millions of people in Iran and the demand of their freedom-seeking movement.


>After two weeks of protests in Iran and their spread to various cities, the Islamic Republic has taken extensive measures against the protesting people under the pretext and relying on Mossadโ€™s claims of its interference. The Internet shutdown in Iran, the arrival of the army to confront the protesting people and the loss of a large number of protesters and deprived people, threats to government leaders from the Supreme Leaderโ€™s Office to the judiciary and widespread arrests, attacks on hospitals and house-to-house raids, and all-out propaganda by the state media and attributing the protests to the peopleโ€™s rights to Mossad, introducing every protester as a Mossad spy and their agents, have created serious dangers.


>The Islamic Republic has in common with the fascist governments of Israel and America and their pawns in the opposition, pushing back this movement and blinding its radical and freedom-loving horizon. One is by ordering an โ€œuprisingโ€ and turning the protests into street fighting and terrorizing it, and the other is by suppressing them under the pretext of Mossadโ€™s interference and confronting it!


>To Communists: come to the streets to prevent the protests from turning into bloodshed and to ensure their progress!


>Marginal forces whose efforts to ride the wave of protests have failed and do not have the social power to divert mass protests have officially today set the policy of bloodletting in the protests to their agenda by launching mercenary and armed gangs against their opponents, declaring an armed uprising, and prematurely bringing weapons to the field in the protests. These forces, along with the apparatus of repression and the internal gangs of the Islamic Republic, are the ones who are responsible for bloodletting in the protests and the lives of the people.


>The Rajavi sect has issued an order for an armed uprising and the capture of military bases. It is as if the "rebel centers" of the Mujahideen are going to "liberate the cities and then hand them over to the local councils"!


>There is no doubt that this heavily armed regime will ultimately be overthrown in an armed uprising. There is no doubt that the people who rise up and protest have the right to use any means and weapons to defend themselves and defeat the enemy. But sending young people to war prematurely is deliberately taking them to the slaughterhouse and mass protests.


>The movement and uprising of the hungry is going its own way and, independent of the small and large insects of reaction, with vigilance and open eyes, it is organizing, uniting and nationwide its protest and struggle, protecting its activists and leaders, and building its own future. Ensuring this is the work of us communists, the work of radical and freedom-loving activists.


https://hekmatist[dot]com/fa/

Unconditional support to Iranian workers as they face the full savagery of capital on the local and international fronts.

NO WAR BUT CLASS WAR
R: 33 / I: 2
It seems socialism has another major vulnerability and that is that Marxโ€˜s method of analysis, dialectical materialism, can not predict the emergence of classes for a radically new system. It can seemingly only identify a class a posteriori, but by then itโ€˜s already too late. Whatโ€˜s the point of overcoming the near insurmountable challenge of overcoming capitalism just to end up with another system with classes, which implies another revolution would be necessary to overcome that one in return? Think the Soviet Union and its bureaucracy. It will be challenging to radically overcome it as well.

Whatโ€˜s the solution for that? This either means we have to content with the fact that achieving communism has an even lower success rate than what you would make out from how hard it is to overcome capitalism, because an unknown amount of new class based systems are ahead of us that will each require another revolution, or Marxian analysis will be sufficiently expanded upon to be able to predict the emergence of new classes a priori for a system yet to be implemented. Perhaps anarcho-communists are right and you need to strip the state and hierarchy straight away.

Which one is it?
R: 338 / I: 60

Sex and Relationships General #57

Previous thread >>735320
R: 15 / I: 3

So no more N1RV Ann-A for sure now?

Or was its release never happening?

โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃ€โฃ โฃคโฃถโฃฆโฃคโฃคโฃ€โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก€โ ˆโ ›โขฟโฃทโฃ„โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ โ ’โ ‰โ ›โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃถโก„โ €โ ™โขฟโก†โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ ˆโ นโฃฟโฃทโก€โ €โขธโฃฟโก€โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ ™โฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃพโฃฟโฃงโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โข€โฃคโฃดโฃถโฃถโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃถโฃถโฃฆโฃคโฃ„โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โข€โฃ โฃคโ ถโ žโ ‹โ ‰โ ‰โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ ˆโ ‰โ ™โ ›โ ปโ ทโ ถโฃถโฃคโฃ€โก€โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โข€โฃคโ พโ Ÿโ ‹โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ ˜โ ฟโ ฟโฃงโฃคโก€โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃ โกพโ ‹โ โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ ฐโฃฎโก™โขฟโฃทโฃ„โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃ โ žโ โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ ‰โขปโฃฆโ ‰โ ปโฃทโฃคโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃ โกพโ ƒโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ ปโฃ‡โ €โ ˆโ ปโฃฟโฃ„โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โข โกพโ ‹โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โก€โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขนโฃ‡โ €โ €โ ˜โฃฟโฃงโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃฐโกฟโ ƒโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃฟโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃ†โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขคโก€โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขปโฃฆโ €โ €โ ˆโขปโฃ†โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃฐโกฟโ โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃฐโฃฟโก‡โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขฟโก†โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขธโฃงโก€โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขฟโฃ‡โ €โ €โ €โฃฟโก„โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃฐโกŸโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โข€โฃผโฃนโ †โ €โ €โ €โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก€โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขบโฃฟโก„โ €โ €โ €โ €โ ˆโฃฟโฃฟโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขปโฃ†โ €โ €โ ˜โฃทโก„โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃผโกฟโ โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โข€โฃพโฃฟโฃฟโ €โ €โ €โฃฐโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโก€โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขธโฃฟโฃทโก„โ €โ €โ €โ €โขปโฃฟโฃ‡โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃฟโ €โ €โ €โฃธโฃฟโก„โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃผโกโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃพโฃฟโกโฃฟโ €โ €โ €โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโขปโฃทโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ ธโฃฟโขฟโฃทโ €โ €โ €โ €โขธโฃฟโฃฟโก†โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃฟโ €โ €โ €โขธโฃฟโฃทโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃฐโกŸโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃพโก‡โ โขฉโฃฟโก‡โ €โ €โขฐโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃผโฃฟโฃงโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขฐโ ‰โ ˜โขฟโก†โ €โก€โ €โ €โฃฟโกโฃทโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขธโกŸโ €โ €โ €โฃธโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโก€โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃ โฃฟโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขฐโฃฟโ โ €โขธโฃฟโ €โ €โ €โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโขธโก‡โ €โ €โ €โ €โขฟโก‡โฃธโฃฟโฃงโ ˆโฃฟโฃ„โ €โ ˜โฃฟโขฟโก‡โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขธโก‡โ €โ €โข€โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโฃคโฃคโฃ€โ €โ €โ €โฃ€โฃ€
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃ โฃคโฃพโฃฟโ โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃ โฃฟโ €โ €โ €โขธโฃฟโก†โ €โ €โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฆโขนโฃ„โ €โ €โ €โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃถโฃฟโฃธโฃฆโก€โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขธโก‡โ €โข โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ‹โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃคโฃดโฃถโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ‹โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃดโฃฟโฃฟโ €โ „โ €โขธโฃฟโฃ‡โ €โฃคโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโกฟโก†โ €โ €โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃโฃฟโฃ‡โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃธโ ƒโ €โฃธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ฟโ Ÿโ ›โ ›โ ‹โ โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ โข€โฃผโฃทโก„โ €โ €โ ˆโ ›โขปโฃฟโฃ„โ €โ €โขธโฃฟโฃฟโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโขปโก€โ €โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃฟโ €โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก€โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ ‰โ ‰โฃฟโฃฟโฃถโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกโ €โ €โ €โ €โฃธโฃฟโฃฟโก€โ €โฃธโฃฟโฃงโขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฏโขปโฃฆโฃธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขปโฃทโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ โ €โข€โฃถโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โขฐโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโฃฟโ ฟโฃฟโ ฟโ ฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ €โก€โ €โ €โ €โข€โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃŸโฃงโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ ™โ ›โ ‰โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโ €โฃ โฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ โ ‰โ ‰โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ปโ ฟโ Ÿโ โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ €โก‡โ €โ €โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโขปโฃปโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃฟโฃฟโฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃคโฃˆโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ ˆโ ‰โ ‰โ ™โฃฟโฃฟโกŸโ €โก‡โ €โ €โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ โ €โ ˆโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ ˆโ ›โ ‹โ ‰โ ‰โฃปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโ ›โ ›โ ›โ ›โ ›โ ‰โ โ €โ €โ €โก„โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขธโกฟโ ƒโ €โ €โ €โข โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโขฟโฃฟโกฟโฃฟโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ ˆโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โข€โฃพโก‡โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขธโฃทโก€โ €โ โฃ โฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ‹โ โ ˆโ ›โ โ โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ ™โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฆโก€โ €โ €โ €โ €โข€โฃดโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขธโฃฟโก‡โ €โฃดโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ Ÿโ โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฆโฃคโฃดโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก†โ €โ คโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃผโฃฟโก‡โ €โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โ €โ €โ €โ €โข€โฃคโฃคโ €โ €โ €โ €โขฐโฃฟโกŸโ €โข โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ‹โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก›โ ›โ ›โ ›โ ›โ ‰โ โ €โ €โ €โข€โฃฟโฃฟโ €โ €โขธโฃฟโฃฟโ โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก†โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โข€โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก€โ €โขธโฃฟโกŸโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโก™โฃฟโฃฟโกŸโฃทโขนโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ €โ €โข€โฃ โฃดโฃถโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ โ €โฃพโกโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ ปโ ‰โ โ ˜โฃฟโ ‡โ €โ ˆโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโฃคโฃถโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ €โขธโฃฟโก‚โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ ™โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฆโฃ€โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃถโฃคโฃ€โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โข€โฃดโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โข โฃคโฃคโฃถโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฆโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃ€โฃคโกถโขถโฃพโฃฟโกŸโ ›โฃปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโฃ€โก€โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โข โกดโ ฟโข›โก‹โ €โ €โ €โ ‰โ €โข โฃฟโฃฟโ ฟโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ฟโ ›โ ›โ ฟโ ฟโฃฟโฃฆโฃคโฃคโฃคโก„โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃ โฃพโ ›โ ‹โ ‰โ ™โ ปโฃถโฃ„โก€โข€โฃพโ ›โขฃโฃ„โฃคโฃฟโฃฟโกโฃฟโฃฟโ ฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ Ÿโ ›โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฌโฃฟโฃฟโฃŸโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ›โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃ โฃฟโกถโ ›โ ›โขนโฃฟโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โข โฃพโกฟโ ƒโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ ™โขทโฃผโ ‡โ €โ €โ ™โฃฟโฃฟโ ›โขธโฃฟโกŸโ €โ ˆโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ฟโ ‹โ ขโขคโฃผโกŸโ ‰โ ‰โฃฟโ ‹โ ‰โข™โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ‹โ €โ €โข€โฃ โกดโ พโ ‹โ โ €โ €โ €โ €โขนโฃงโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃ€โฃดโฃฟโกโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โข€โฃฟโกโ €โ €โข€โฃพโฃฟโ โ €โฃฟโกโ €โ €โฃ โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโก„โ €โ €โฃ โกฟโ €โ €โฃผโ ‡โ €โ €โฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ €โ €โฃ โกถโ ›โ โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃฟโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃ โฃพโฃฟโ Ÿโ ƒโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โข โฃพโ ƒโ €โ €โขฐโฃฟโฃฟโ ƒโ €โขฐโฃŸโฃ€โฃดโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฆโฃฐโกฟโ โ €โฃดโ โ €โข€โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โฃ โกฟโ โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃ โกคโ žโ ‹โ €โ €โ €โ €โขปโฃฟโก„โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃพโฃฟโฃปโฃฟโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขฐโฃถโ €โ €โข€โฃฟโ โ €โ €โ €โฃพโฃฟโกŸโ €โ €โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ŸโขปโฃฟโกŸโ โ €โฃฐโ ‹โ €โข€โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ Ÿโ ‹โ €โ €โฃ€โฃ โกถโ Ÿโ ›โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขธโฃฟโก‡โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃธโฃฟโขฟโ ปโฃฟโก€โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃผโฃฟโก†โขฐโฃฟโกŸโ €โ €โ €โฃธโฃฟโกฟโ โ €โฃฐโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ‘โฃถโฃถโกฟโ €โ €โข€โกŸโ €โข€โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกโ €โ €โฃ€โฃดโกพโ Ÿโ ‰โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃพโฃฟโก‡โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃฐโ ฟโ ฟโ ›โ ‚โขฟโฃทโก€โ €โ €โขฐโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ โ €โ €โขฐโฃฟโฃฟโ ‡โ €โข€โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ƒโข โฃพโกฟโ โ €โข€โกพโ €โข€โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโกถโ Ÿโ ‹โ โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ ˆโฃฟโก‡โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃฐโกฟโ €โ €โ €โ €โ ˆโ ปโฃฟโก€โ €โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ โ €โ €โข โฃฟโฃฟโ ‡โ €โ €โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃŸโฃฐโฃฟโกŸโ โ €โข€โกฟโ โข โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ‹โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃฟโก‡โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โข€โฃผโ โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ ˆโขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก€โ €โ €โฃพโฃฟโกŸโ €โ €โ €โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโขฉโฃฟโกฟโ €โ €โ €โกŒโ โข โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ‹โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃฟโก‡โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃ โกžโ โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โข€โฃธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ†โข โฃฟโฃฟโ ƒโ €โ €โ €โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโ โ €โ €โขธโฃ€โฃ โฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ‹โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃธโฃฟโก‡โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โข€โฃดโกโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃ โฃดโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ €โ €โ €โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃคโฃคโ พโ ฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ€โฃ โฃ„โข€โฃ€โฃคโฃคโฃคโฃ„โฃ€โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขปโฃฟโก‡โ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โฃ โกฟโ ‹โ €โ €โ €โฃ€โฃคโฃถโฃถโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ„โก„โ €โฃธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ›โ ‹โ €โ €โฃ€โฃดโฃฟโกฟโ ‹โ ‰โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃถโฃฆโฃ„โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ ปโฃฟโก‡โ €โ €โ €
โข โฃพโกŸโ โ €โข€โฃดโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃคโฃ™โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃดโฃฆโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ›โ โ €โ €โ €โ €โ ˜โ ‹โ ‰โ €โ €โ €โฃ€โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃ„โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃฐโก–โ €โฃฟโก‡โ €โ €โ €
โ ธโฃฟโฃ€โฃ โฃถโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกโ €โฃจโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโขŸโฃฟโฃ‡โฃฟโกŸโ โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โข€โกดโ žโ ‰โฃนโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ›โ ‹โ ™โ ‰โ ปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃฆโ €โ €โ €โ  โ €โ €โฃฐโฃฟโฃทโ €โ €โ €
โ €โ ˆโ นโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ฟโ ฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ Ÿโ ›โ ›โ ›โ ‰โ ‰โ ‰โ €โ €โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโก€โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โข€โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโขฟโฃฟโฃทโฃฆโฃ„โ €โ €โ €โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃฎโก†โข€โฃดโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ €โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ ˆโ ™โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ‹โ โ ฐโ ถโ ›โ ›โ ‰โ ‰โ โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โขธโฃฟโฃฟโขฟโฃคโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃ€โฃ โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโขฟโฃทโฃ†โก€โ ธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃพโฃฟโกฟโ ‹โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ ˜โฃฟโฃฟโกพโฃฟโกฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃถโฃถโฃถโฃถโฃถโฃถโฃถโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ โ €โ €โ €โ €โ ˆโ ปโฃฟโฃทโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃฟโกŸโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃปโฃฟโฃฟโฃญโฃฟโฃฝโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ›โ ›โ ›โ ปโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ นโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ €โ €
โ €โ €โ €โขธโฃฟโ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โข€โฃคโฃคโฃดโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃคโฃ„โก€โฃ€โฃ€โฃ‰โ ‰โกปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โ €โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโขฟโฃฟโก‡โ €โ €
R: 277 / I: 59

nu-imageboard megathread #2

The neverending quest to rewrite vichan -

Archived threads:
https://archive.is/xiA7y
R: 10 / I: 5
>have friend group
>I'm bad at video games, but we play for fun so it's not a big deal
>One friend in the group gets validation from how good he is
>playing balders gate 3
>he takes all the loot
>He has to have all the special weapons and items
>Other friend is a rogue so we give all are disarm kits to him
>This dude (a paladin) keeps all his disarm kits so that he can disarm the traps himself
>I get lost easy so sometimes I follow him to get back to where everyone is
>He gets mad says im "annoying" and purposefully runs in circles to get me away
>Gets mad when people steal his kills for efficiency
>He was playing helldivers II with the other friend
>Gets mad that the other friend is better than him and advances farther
>Playing grounded with other two friends rn
>hes mad we didn't invite him to play with us because of how toxic he is
>At work this dude gets mad at one of his new coworkers for asking a question
>Almost got fired because a customer asking him retarded questions angered him so much that he locked himself in the office for two hours

Everyone in our group has emotional/mental problems so I get it, but this is out of control.
R: 10 / I: 4

Is violence ever not the answer?

Name one time peaceful protest actually did something good
R: 374 / I: 56

/QTDDTOT/ Questions That Don't Deserve Their Own Thread

Previous thread: >>2177902

Dump all the seemingly pointless, dubious, and frivolous questions that don't deserve their own shitty threads.

Got a question that's probably been asked a million times before? You're in the right landfill, buddy. Post it here.

Threads that otherwise might go in here will eventually find themselves become merged to this thread.
R: 35 / I: 7 (sage)

/anti-usapol/ #6

Remember, we only "troll" /usapol/ because mods won't let us have this thread

Instances of the United States overthrowing, or attempting to overthrow, a foreign government since the Second World War. (* indicates successful ouster of a government)

China 1949 to early 1960s
Albania 1949-53
East Germany 1950s
Iran 1953 *
Guatemala 1954 *
Costa Rica mid-1950s
Syria 1956-7
Egypt 1957
Indonesia 1957-8
British Guiana 1953-64 *
Iraq 1963 *
North Vietnam 1945-73
Cambodia 1955-70 *
Laos 1958 *, 1959 *, 1960 *
Ecuador 1960-63 *
Congo 1960 *
France 1965
Brazil 1962-64 *
Dominican Republic 1963 *
Cuba 1959 to present
Bolivia 1964 *
Indonesia 1965 *
Ghana 1966 *
Chile 1964-73 *
Greece 1967 *
Costa Rica 1970-71
Bolivia 1971 *
Australia 1973-75 *
Angola 1975, 1980s
Zaire 1975
Portugal 1974-76 *
Jamaica 1976-80 *
Seychelles 1979-81
Chad 1981-82 *
Grenada 1983 *
South Yemen 1982-84
Suriname 1982-84
Fiji 1987 *
Libya 1980s
Nicaragua 1981-90 *
Panama 1989 *
Bulgaria 1990 *
Albania 1991 *
Iraq 1991
Afghanistan 1980s *
Somalia 1993
Yugoslavia 1999-2000 *
Ecuador 2000 *
Afghanistan 2001 *
Venezuela 2002 *
Iraq 2003 *
Haiti 2004 *
Somalia 2007 to present
Honduras 2009 *
Libya 2011 *
Syria 2012
Ukraine 2014 *

Q: Why will there never be a coup dโ€™รฉtat in Washington?

A: Because thereโ€™s no American embassy there.
R: 602 / I: 111 (full)

Iranian protests #05

4,370 CONFIRMED DEAD

Order Prevails in Tehran - eddieshin

Previous threads:
https://archive.ph/dDpTN
https://archive.ph/5s7Ek
https://archive.ph/1Rvi8
>>2645841 (archive it when it's full)

Quick run-down: Unlike previous mass protests in Iran the current ones were caused primarily by crushing economic conditions rather than civil rights, and so they carry undeniable proletarian character and potential. The true scale of the protests is hard to confirm due to conflicting imperialist propaganda, however the staggering death toll in such a short period dwarfs the previous protests.


Recent reports from the streets by Worker-Communist Party of Iran (Hekmatist) translated from Farsi (Jan. 7-13)

>The Iranian people do not need a military attack by American bombers, nor do they need international criminals to intensify sanctions and attack their livelihoods for freedom, prosperity, and equality, to be free from the clutches of the Islamic Republic. Lifting sanctions, preventing a military attack on Iran, and cutting off the hands of international criminals from their lives and struggles is the demand of tens of millions of people in Iran and the demand of their freedom-seeking movement.


>After two weeks of protests in Iran and their spread to various cities, the Islamic Republic has taken extensive measures against the protesting people under the pretext and relying on Mossadโ€™s claims of its interference. The Internet shutdown in Iran, the arrival of the army to confront the protesting people and the loss of a large number of protesters and deprived people, threats to government leaders from the Supreme Leaderโ€™s Office to the judiciary and widespread arrests, attacks on hospitals and house-to-house raids, and all-out propaganda by the state media and attributing the protests to the peopleโ€™s rights to Mossad, introducing every protester as a Mossad spy and their agents, have created serious dangers.


>The Islamic Republic has in common with the fascist governments of Israel and America and their pawns in the opposition, pushing back this movement and blinding its radical and freedom-loving horizon. One is by ordering an โ€œuprisingโ€ and turning the protests into street fighting and terrorizing it, and the other is by suppressing them under the pretext of Mossadโ€™s interference and confronting it!


>To Communists: come to the streets to prevent the protests from turning into bloodshed and to ensure their progress!


>Marginal forces whose efforts to ride the wave of protests have failed and do not have the social power to divert mass protests have officially today set the policy of bloodletting in the protests to their agenda by launching mercenary and armed gangs against their opponents, declaring an armed uprising, and prematurely bringing weapons to the field in the protests. These forces, along with the apparatus of repression and the internal gangs of the Islamic Republic, are the ones who are responsible for bloodletting in the protests and the lives of the people.


>The Rajavi sect has issued an order for an armed uprising and the capture of military bases. It is as if the "rebel centers" of the Mujahideen are going to "liberate the cities and then hand them over to the local councils"!


>There is no doubt that this heavily armed regime will ultimately be overthrown in an armed uprising. There is no doubt that the people who rise up and protest have the right to use any means and weapons to defend themselves and defeat the enemy. But sending young people to war prematurely is deliberately taking them to the slaughterhouse and mass protests.


>The movement and uprising of the hungry is going its own way and, independent of the small and large insects of reaction, with vigilance and open eyes, it is organizing, uniting and nationwide its protest and struggle, protecting its activists and leaders, and building its own future. Ensuring this is the work of us communists, the work of radical and freedom-loving activists.


Statement of the Workersโ€™ Councils of Arak: All power to the councils! (Jan. 12)

>โ€œTo the workers of Markazi Province, to our comrades in Khuzestan, and to all the people of Iran.โ€


>For decades, our demands for bread have been answered with bullets, and our demands for dignity with prison. But today, the silence has come to an end. We, the workers of Arakโ€™s factories, declare the following:


>Workplace control: From now on, the management of the Machine Manufacturing Company, AzarAb, and Wagon Pars factories will be in the hands of workersโ€™ councils elected by the workers themselves. We no longer recognize managers appointed by the state or the regimeโ€™s puppet unions.


https://cpiran.org/statement-of-the-workers-councils-of-arak-all-power-to-the-councils/

Joint statement of Worker-Communist Parties of Iraq and Kurdistan (Jan. 7)

>The protests come amidst profound political transformations in the region and a clear decline in Iranian influence, which had expanded in recent years through militias and their allies, relying on funds looted from the working class and the welfare of the lranian masses. In the same vein, American imperialism, known for its bullying and unwavering support for fascist regimes, foremost among them the state of lsrael, is attempting to market itself as a defender of human rights and a supporter of the demands of the lranian masses, by brandishing the threat of blatant intervention, as recently occurred in Venezuela the two Communist Workers' Parties in Iraq and Kurdistan, while declaring their full solidarity and support for the just demands of the lranian working class and the masses yearning for freedom and dignity simultaneously warn against relying on American policies or allowing its intervention which plays a role in providing the lranian regime with pretexts to escalate its repression of the protesters.


>Any real change, any tangible improvement, and any victory for the protests in lran depends on maintaining their independence, separating their ranks from American imperialist policies, and preserving their class and popular unity.

>Long live the working class of Iran
>Long live the just demands of the Iranian people for freedom and equality

https://wp-iraq.com/ุงู„ู‰-ุงู„ุงู…ุงู…-273


Unconditional support to Iranian workers as they face the full savagery of capital on the local and international fronts.

NO WAR BUT CLASS WAR
R: 212 / I: 68

Victoria 3

I'm pretty new to victoria 3, and I'm looking for some advice. What are some fun countries to play as while still being a beginner? Also, what are the best mods I should get?
R: 17 / I: 4

Has anyone here ever played the British anti-extremism game?

I have and I sucks. If you didn't know the British government in response to all of the white nationalism growing in their country mad a computer game to encourage kids not to be Nazis, ill link it here https://www.shoutoutuk.org/pathways/ but the thing is that it backfired and Chuds started making rule 34 of the female antagonist, since it became a meme I wanted to play the game to see if it is any good and its not. Since its a liberal game instead of being able to confront your Nazi friends and make new leftist friends if they part ways with you you just fucking loose all of your friends! I don't know what I expected, this is the UK after all and its been amerikkka's cuck for decades.
R: 140 / I: 120

Post her each time you visit the site

โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โก โ –โ ›โ ›โ ฒโ คโขคโฃ€โ „โ ‰โ “โฃ„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‹โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ‘โขฆโ „โขธโก†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขทโขธโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โฃ€โ คโ คโ คโ คโข„โฃผโฃƒโฃ€โฃ€โฃ€โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โก โ ”โ šโ ‰โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ‰โ ‘โ ขโขคโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก โ šโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ ’โ คโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก โ Šโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โข†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ žโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโฃฆโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฃโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โฃ€โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃ€โฃ€โก โ คโ คโ คโ „โข€โฃ€โฃ€โฃ€โ Šโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃดโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃงโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขณโ ’โ ‰โ ‰โ ‰โ โ „โ ˆโ ‰โ ‰โ ‰โ ’โ ‚โ คโข€โก€โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โ คโ ’โ ‰โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃธโกฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โขฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโกโขฟโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขงโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ “โ „
โ „โก„โ ‰โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โกœโ „โ „โ „โ „โข โฃฟโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โกœโ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฐโ „โก‡โ „โขณโฃ„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โก†
โ „โขณโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โกžโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโกฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โ ขโข„โกโ „โ „โก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃ€โก‡โ ‚โ โ ˆโขขโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โกพโ „
โ „โ ˆโขงโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ โ žโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ žโ „โ ‰โ „โก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โกโฃ‡โ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ ณโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฆโก˜โข„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก‡โ „
โ „โ „โ ธโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก โ –โ โ „โข€โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโก‡โ „โฃ€โฃคโ ดโ งโ คโข„โก€โ „โก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โกธโข€โกฝโขšโฃ‰โฃ™โ ›โ ฟโฃถโฃตโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โก‡โ ˆโ ‘โ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก‡โ „
โ „โข โ ‹โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โ ฒโ ดโ ’โ ›โ ‰โก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃทโกฟโ ‹โ „โฃดโฃถโฃถโ ’โ ‰โ ณโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โก”โ ฑโ ‹โฃดโฃฟโฃฟโ ‹โ ‰โฃ†โ ˜โฃฟโฃทโ „โ „โ „โก†โก‡โฃ€โฃ€โฃ€โฃ€โฃ€โฃ€โฃ€โฃ€โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฐโ ƒโ „
โ „โ ธโ „โข€โฃ โฃคโฃถโฃถโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃถโฃถโฃถโฃคโก‡โขฐโ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโ „โ „โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโฃฆโฃดโก†โก‡โ „โฃฐโก โ Šโ „โ „โข โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ ‰โขฑโก‡โ „โฃผโฃทโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ –โ Šโ „โ „
โ „โ „โ ˆโขปโฃฟโกฟโ ฟโ Ÿโ ›โ ›โ ‰โ ญโ ฝโ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโฃฟโฃทโ „โขฃโ „โ „โ ธโ ฟโก€โ „โ ฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ ‰โ ‰โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขจโฃฝโกฟโ ฟโ ฟโฃฟโกฟโ „โข โฃฟโฃฟโกดโฃฟโกฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ›โ “โ ‚โ ˆโ ‰โ ‰โ ™โ ›โขฟโ ‚โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขงโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โก†โ „โ ฑโฃฆโฃ„โ „โ ‘โก„โขปโกฟโ ‰โ „โ ‰โฃฟโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โ คโ คโ คโ Ÿโ โ „โ ˆโฃฟโ โ „โกฟโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโก†โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โกžโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โกทโก โก€โ ˆโ ปโฃฟโก–โ šโ „โ ‰โ ‰โ ‰โ ‰โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ โ ƒโข โขฐโ „โก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโ ƒโ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃ€โฃ€โก€โ „โฃฐโ ƒโ ฑโกงโก€โ „โขนโขงโฃโกโกคโข„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ “โ „โ  โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โ คโขšโ โ  โกปโ ƒโข€โกคโข”โฃฒโฃถโฃถโฃถโฃฆโฃคโฃ„โฃ€โก€โข€โกžโ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโก„โ „โข€โก โฃคโฃถโฃถโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโ ˆโ ‰โ โ „โ „โ ƒโ ™โ ขโขผโ ‰โ •โกนโ ‹โกŸโฃƒโฃ€โฃ€โฃ€โฃ€โฃ€โฃ€โ „โ „โฃ€โฃ€โ คโ „โ ’โ ˆโ โ „โ „โ ผโ ‚โ โข€โฃ”โฃฅโฃฟโฃพโฃฟโกŸโ ›โ ›โ ›โ ฟโฃฟโ ›โ ›โ ‰โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ Šโ โ ชโก‰โ ‰โ „โฃ€โฃ€โฃ€โ ธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โก”โ โข€โ คโฃ€โ โ ˆโขฟโฃฟโฃŸโฃพโฃฏโข‡โฃโ ขโฃ€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โขคโขพโฃพโ นโฃฟโ ฟโ ‹โ ‰โ ฒโฃถโฃคโฃผโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ‰โ ‰โกŸโ ™โข„โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโก„โ „โ „โ โขฒโขฟโฃทโกŒโ †โก€โฃธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฏโ Ÿโฃฟโฃฟโฃ†โฃ„โขฑโฃคโฃ€โฃ€โ ”โฃตโข‡โขžโก•โฃฝโ โ „โ „โ „โข€โกฐโ ›โขฆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‰โ ‰โ ‰โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃดโก€โ „โ „โขโฃซโฃฟโฃฟโฃโฃ โฃŸโฃฏโฃฟโฃฟโฃ†โขฟโฃฟโฃปโฃฟโฃฟโกทโฃซโกโกดโฃกโ ดโกฅโ ƒโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‰โ ‰โ ‰โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃทโฃคโฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกพโฃฟโกฟโขŸโฃฑโฃพโฃฟโกฟโกฑโฃงโฃฎโฃพโฃงโฃถโฃณโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ปโฃ›โฃฝโฃฟโฃฟโ ฟโขปโฃฟโฃŸโฃฟโขฟโ Ÿโฃซโฃทโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฎโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ Ÿโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ‰โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃงโฃทโขโฃธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ Ÿโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฆโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃŸโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โฃปโฃทโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โ ปโขฝโฃฏโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃŸโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโฃฏโกฟโขทโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ’โขคโก‹โ ›โ ปโขฟโ ฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ฟโ ฏโกŸโข‰โ •โ Šโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โกŸโขชโฃ…โฃ’โฃฒโ คโ คโ คโ žโฃคโฃถโกถโขฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฟโฃถโฃพโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโกโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โขฟโกฟโ ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโฃฟโ ฟโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
R: 551 / I: 234

HoI4 + HoI4 modding thread

Operation Deep Sneed edition

Made a new thread since the other one is full. You know the drill folks, gather here to discuss and/or complain about Hearts of Iron 4 and all the alt history mods that make the game relevant. From green natpops to sicko mode Savinkov we've got a lot of exciting stuff coming in the next Kaiserreich update, one which will make the LKMT look like pre-rework Germany by comparison. But dont worry TNOomers, you're getting some new content too! After a year and a half and three focus trees that only last for four years, we finally have something new and that's…

…three years of fucking Antarctica
R: 114 / I: 38

sinfest thread #2

Imma post these again because I'm bored (remember this guy is mixed race)
R: 21 / I: 8
Where did the chinese century go?






The body was too short or empty.
OKThe body was too short or empty.
On The body was too short or empty.
OK
R: 195 / I: 30
How exactly do we successfully fight against and reverse Gen Alpha brainrot?

https://youtube.com/shorts/h2i3cGyzNKo

This stuff is becoming alarming. When I was a little kid in the 90s I would watch stuff that had actual substance to it (think: Disney renaissance, Don Bluth films, TV shows like Arthur). Plus our parents made an effort to read to us and get us looking at science books and history books for kids. When I babysit my neighboursโ€™ kids who are eight and six (both boys) Iโ€™m horrified by how stupid they are. They canโ€™t read at all. They canโ€™t play musical instruments. They donโ€™t do arts and crafts. They have the vocabularies of preschool-aged kids. They canโ€™t do math and the eight-year old asks me to do his math homework for him. Both of them are either glued to their iPads or glued to watching YouTube on TV. Itโ€™s sad as hell. What do?
R: 1 / I: 0

Morality of Revolution

The people are hungry, they're denied a basic education, illiterate even, they die of curable diseases, or by their fellow man, technical innovations, and natural resources remain to the benefit of the most developed countries, just as always, even if improvements have been made in some of these matters.

Is the moral argument for revolution in the first world that of internationalism?

There's problems in developed countries too, people locked up in cages, disappearances, massive inequality, including of schooling - even prevalent functional illiteracy, and healthcare. Am I stupid to think that it's not enough?

Or does morality have no place in power politics - that one arrives at revolutionary violence from rational choice overcoming false-consciousness? A hard sell given the material consequences.
R: 12 / I: 6
if you go back in time and tell them their new hobby of experimenting with cartoons will lead to modern ecchi and futanari cum inflation hentai and oppai/feet cinematic shots and fanmade digital sketches of Vtuber ahegao POVs and t4t pegging and thank them kindly for it after showing examples

how woul they react?
R: 17 / I: 8

non-binary fashion

looking for suggestions on clothing/outfits that are androgynous and preferably not too expensive. got any ideas anons?

i tend to like tighter fitting/heavy clothes (autism?) but don't want to be perceived as a woman

pictures please!
R: 32 / I: 4

/Cooperatives/ General #1

>To my mind, the so-called โ€œsocialist societyโ€ is not anything immutable. Like all other social formations, it should be conceived in a state of constant flux and change. Its crucial difference from the present order consists naturally in production organized on the basis of common ownership by the nation of all means of production. To begin this reorganization tomorrow, but performing it gradually, seems to me quite feasible. That our workers are capable of it is borne out by their many producer and consumer cooperatives which, whenever they're not deliberately ruined by the police, are equally well and far more honestly run than the bourgeois stock companies.

- Engels, Letter to Otto Von Boenigk In Breslau, August 21, 1890

https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1890/letters/90_08_21.htm

"I can't help but believe that in the future we will see in the United States and throughout the Western world an increasing trend toward the next logical step, employee ownership. It is a path that befits a free people." - Ronald Reagan?!

https://www.cesj.org/about-cesj-in-brief/history-accomplishments/pres-reagans-speech-on-project-economic-justice/

This is a thread about organizing cooperatives. It is not about debating the merits or lack thereof of cooperatives. I understand there are critiques of cooperatives, and how they are not enough to bring about proletarian revolution. The same is true of unions, but I still support the creation of unions and worker-owned cooperatives as part of a multi-pronged strategy.

Resources (feel free to add)
https://www.theselc.org/cooperatives-resources
https://www.theselc.org/bite-sized-law
https://www.theselc.org/how_to_choose_an_entity_for_your_cooperative
https://www.theselc.org/how_to_form_a_cooperative_corporation
https://www.theselc.org/how_to_finance_a_worker_cooperative
https://www.theselc.org/how_to_file_taxes_as_a_subchapter_t_cooperative
https://www.theselc.org/how_to_convert_your_existing_business_into_a_cooperative
https://www.theselc.org/how_to_make_decisions_in_a_cooperative
https://www.theselc.org/legal-guides
https://co-oplaw.org/
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_rgt0QdXUbycnprd3hhYzdWNnc/view?resourcekey=0-udk68fxCiFJc4_TjlJokHA
R: 256 / I: 253

banners

There are some new banners at >>212019

Can you guys please add?
R: 8 / I: 2
Marx taught us that "the weapon of criticism cannot, of course, replace criticism by weapons." In their terminally online struggles, multipolaristas mistake inter-imperialist squabbles for the forward march of history. You cheer for a "multipolar world" and the "decline of the West," paying respect to the very idealism Marx and Engels went over in the German Ideology. Worse yet, you imagine Stalin as a patron saint of your geopolitical game of Risk.

But Stalin was not a diplomat of the status quo. He looks upon Putin and Xi and sees not a counter-weight to American hegemony, but a farce.

The dialectic does not care for your cope.
R: 1 / I: 0

Free Sorbia

Long live a free Sorbian socialist republic, death to the G*rms.
R: 77 / I: 10

Political Conversions

Have there been any studies done deconstructing the left-to-right ("Saul-to-Paul") political conversion narrative that the right-wing loves to throw around?

I'm talking about people like former CPUSA members who turned state like Whittaker Chambers, Bella Dodd, and Louis Budenz; neocons like Irving Kristol, Norman Podhoretz, and David Horowitz (rest in piss); or contemporary "conversion" stories like those of Abby Johnson. I'm obviously talking about Americans here but I'm sure you can name plenty of examples from other countries. What psychological factors cause someone to abandon leftism and fully embrace the right, and even worse, turn on their former comrades?

Is it simply the case that they upheld leftism as a dogma, so when their "god" died they found another god? Is it because they were always authoritarian assholes and embraced the right when the right gave them a better outlet for being authoritarian assholes? Was it because they found that the left was moving in a direction they didn't approve of, so they gradually became rightist? Or, using the narrative they themselves most often parrot, they felt "betrayed" by the left so in turn they betrayed the left?

Also, why do we rarely see any prominent right-wingers turning to the left?
R: 45 / I: 10

Amelia keeps clogging up my f(sn)eed

You know the right is desperate when they need to harvest ragebait from a flash game made in 2023 that no one on earth gave a single solitary fuck about
R: 330 / I: 312

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โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ คโ คโ คโ „โฃ€โ „โ „โ „โ ฑโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ โ ‚โข„โข˜โกพโ คโ โ ’โ ’โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ ’โ  โข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โข„โ „โ โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โ โฃถโฃ„โ „โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ คโ ถโ ถโ ฆโฃผโฃฟโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ’โ ’โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก€โ  โ „โ ’โ ’โ ’โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ žโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก€โ „โ ‚โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ โ ƒโข€โกดโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โก โ ‚โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โกผโขโ ”โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  โ šโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ‰โ ปโขฆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ „โข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃพโกทโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‘โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‘โข„โฃ€โกโ „โขถโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃพโกฟโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ขโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ ฐโฃโขทโฃ€โก˜โฃƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃพโฃฟโ ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ ˆโ ชโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข‚โ „โ นโฃฏโกฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโ ‹โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโกƒโ „โ  โ โ „โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ „โ „โฃคโ ‹โ „โ ‰โ  โ œโฃ„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขกโฃฐโฃฝโฃฟโฃŒโขปโฃงโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโ ‡โกฐโ โ „โ „โ „โกŽโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข‚โ „โ „โขปโก€โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ชโก€โ „โ „โ „โฃดโฃฃโ „โ „โ „โ „โฃปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโกปโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โก€โ „โ „โ „โข€โกดโ โกดโขโฃ€โฃคโก„โ „โก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโข‚โ „โ „โ ฑโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโข€โ „โ „โขฐโฃฟโฃงโ „โ „โ „โ ˜โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃปโกฟโ „โ „โฃ โ Žโข€โฃžโข โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โฃธโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โฃ†โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ณโก€โ „โ ˜โข†โ „โ „โ „โฃคโฃฝโฃฏโ „โ ธโ Ÿโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โกŸโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโกทโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ฟโฃฟโฃปโ ‚โ „โ „โฃฟโฃคโ Ÿโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โ ฟโ ฟโขณโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โก€โ „โ „โก„โ „โ ™โขฆโก€โขธโก‡โ „โ „โ ™โ žโ Œโก€โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขกโ „โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃถโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃผโฃŸโขฟโฃปโ „โ ‘โ Ÿโก€โ „โข€โกผโ ƒโ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ Ÿโขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ˆโ „โ „โขƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโก‡โ „โ „โฃฟโ „โ „โ „โ ™โขพโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก‡โ „โขธโก€โ „โข€โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโก€โ „โขฟโฃฟโ ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โกโฃฟโขฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ ˆโขฃโฃคโกพโ โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ ธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโฃ€โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ †โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃพโฃทโก€โขฐโ ‡โขƒโ „โ „โ „โ โก‰โ ›โ ถโฃคโฃคโกดโ ƒโ „โขธโก‡โ „โขธโฃฆโก€โ „โ „โ โ „โ ธโกฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ‡โฃฟโฃฟโขฟโ „โ „โฃฐโฃ„โ ˜โกŒโฃ†โ „โข โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก†โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโก„โ „โ „โ „โข€โก€โฃธโกŸโฃฟโก‡โฃผโ „โ ˆโขถโฃ„โ „โ „โฃทโ „โก†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก‡โ „โขธโฃฟโฃทโก„โ „โ โ „โ „โก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขกโฃฟโฃฟโขธโก‡โ „โฃนโฃฟโฃงโ นโฃนโก†โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃพโฃฟโกโกŽโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ ธโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ฐโก„โ „โข€โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโ ƒโฃฟโฃทโกโ „โ „โ ˆโขฟโฃ†โ „โฃฟโฃงโฃทโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก‡โ „โกผโ ›โขฟโฃฟโก„โ „โก„โ „โขฑโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โกฟโฃฟโ „โฃฟโก€โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃ†โฃนโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โขƒโ „โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โฃนโฃพโฃ„โข€โ „โ „โข โฃฟโฃทโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโกโ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃƒโฃ€โฃ€โ  โ ฌโขฟโฃงโฃฟโกฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฐโก‡โ „โ ƒโ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโก„โก‡โ „โกŒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโฃฟโกŸโ „โขธโฃงโขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโฃฟโฃฟโ พโ ถโ คโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก€โ ‰โ ™โฃฟโฃถโฃฆโก€โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ —โ šโฃฟโกโ ‰โข€โฃ€โฃ โฃ„โฃˆโขฟโฃฟโก—โขปโฃฟโก€โ „โ „โ „โขธโก‡โก˜โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโ ‰โฃฏโ „โข โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขปโก‡โ „โ „โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ธโฃฟโฃฆโ คโฃคโฃฌโฃ†โกปโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โขนโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ คโฃฐโฃฟโกฟโ ฟโ ›โฃปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโขฟโฃทโ ‚โขฟโฃ‡โ „โ „โ „โฃผโขกโ ƒโข€โข€โฃพโฃฟโก†โก‡โ  โ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโก‡โ „โ „โ ˆโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ˜โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโ ‡โ „โข โฃจโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ„โ „โ โขฟโฃฟโกฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ ˆโกšโ ‰โ „โ „โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโกŸโ โ ปโ „โฃธโฃฟโก€โ „โข€โฃฟโกพโก โ ‚โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกทโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขฟโฃฟโก€โ ˆโขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกปโขŽโ „โ „โ „โ ปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกปโ ปโฃฟโฃงโ ˆโก„โ ™โขฟโกˆโ ปโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ›โ ›โ ‰โ ‰โ ˆโ „โ „โฃธโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โขธโฃฟโกฟโ โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ Ÿโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขปโก‡โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฎโกโ „โ „โ ˆโ ‰โ ‰โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ™โขทโฃ”โก€โ „โ ฑโก€โ ˆโขฟโฃฟโฃงโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ œโฃ‹โกผโฃฟโฃฟโข€โฃฟโ ‹โข€โฃพโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ‹โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโกคโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ฒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โข‡โ ‘โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โฃ”โขตโฃพโ Ÿโข€โฃฟโฃฟโฃผโฃโฃดโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ Ÿโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโฃฏโฃทโฃขโฃ„โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ คโ šโ ‰โฃฐโ Ÿโขโฃดโฃฟโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโขฆโกˆโ ‰โ ‰โ ‰โ „โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ œโฃกโกดโ Ÿโ ‹โขโฃดโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฏโฃคโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃโก’โขคโฃ€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  โฃ„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃฐโ •โข›โก‰โ คโ โ šโ ›โ ›โ ›โ ปโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขจโฃฟโกŸโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกทโ ฆโ ญโ ดโ ฆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  โขฐโฃ’โฃญโ ”โ ‰โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ™โ Ÿโ ขโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขปโก‡โ โฃปโฃฟโฃฟโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃคโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ ถโ ถโ ถโ ถโ „โ „โ „โ ‚โ ˆโขกโกžโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ณโ „โ โขฟโฃฟโก†โ ™โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃฆโฃ€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  โขดโ Ÿโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ปโฃทโ „โ „โ ™โข›โกฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโขฟโฃทโกฆโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โกŸโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‘โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ชโกปโฃฟโฃ†โ ™โ ฟโก†โ ˆโ ‰โ Šโ ‘โข„โก€โ „โ „โฃ€โฃคโฃพโ ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขฆโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โ ปโก†โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‰โฃฝโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขฟโก€โ „โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ฟโฃทโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โกดโฃžโฃฟโฃญโฃ›โฃถโฃ„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโก„โ ˆโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ปโฃทโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฐโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโฃฃโกฝโฃ†โ „โ  โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃžโ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโข„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขนโฃ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโกฟโ ฟโข›โฃฟโฃฏโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โก€โ „โ „โขนโฃฟโกœโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โข‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก€โฃฝโฃฟโก†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โขทโฃ โกฟโ ™โ ‹โ ™โ ›โฃฟโ ƒโฃคโฃธโ ƒโ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโก˜โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ กโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ โขŽโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโกฝโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โ ณโ ถโ ถโ ถโข›โฃกโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃถโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โ ”โ ˆโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโขธโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโ ฟโ ›โ ฟโ ฟโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโขณโฃฆโฃ„โฃ€โก€โ „โ  โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  โ ’โ ‰โ „โ „โฃธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโฃฟโฃ†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โ ‰โ ›โ ›โ ›โ ฏโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ „โ ธโฃฏโฃ†โ „โข โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ „โฃ โฃ„โ ˜โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ โฃพโฃฟโกŸโขโ Ÿโ „โ „โ „โ นโฃฟโก”โฃฟโฃ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃŸโฃฟโฃฏโขงโ „โ „โฃฟโก‰โ „โ †โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ โฃพโฃŸโกฝโ ‹โ „โฃทโ „โ „โ „โข€โ ”โ ™โขฅโกฟโ Ÿโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกพโฃฟโฃพโก€โ „โฃฟโฃ‡โ „โข โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ โฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โฃฟโ „โ „โก„โ โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขฑโฃ†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃปโฃฟโก‡โ „โขนโฃฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ฐโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโฃฟโฃ†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโ „โขธโฃฟโก‡โ „โ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โ „โ „โขธโ „โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ ˆโฃฟโฃ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃพโขซโกฝโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โฃฐโฃฐโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขปโฃฟโฃงโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‰โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ ขโ ˆโก†โ „โข„โข€โ ผโ ฟโฃฟโฃทโก™โ ปโฃฟโ ƒโ „โ „โ ‹โข€โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โขฟโฃทโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขนโฃฟโฃฟโก†โ „โขธโฃฟโ „โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โขคโฃ„โ คโ „โ „โ ˆโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโก€โกŒโ „โข โ ถโขโกโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โขทโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃ โฃดโ พโ ปโขฟโก†โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โขธโฃฟโก‡โก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฐโฃคโ „โขโฃ’โ ถโฃ”โข„โ „โ „โ ˆโ ฃโข„โ „โ „โฃธโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโ Ÿโ „โข โขกโ ฃโกฒโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฃโ „โ „โข€โฃดโกฟโกŸโ ฟโ „โ „โ ˜โฃ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโ „โขธโฃฟโฃทโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ ‹โกŸโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‘โข•โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‘โขพโขฟโ ˆโ ฟโ ƒโ „โข€โฃฃโขฃโกตโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโข‡โ ฐโ ฟโ ‹โ กโ „โ „โ ‚โ „โ „โฃฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก โ †โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ณโฃฌโฃ€โฃ„โฃ€โก โ ›โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โ ‰โ „โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ †โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก†โขธโฃฟโฃฟโ ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โก โ โก€โข„โ „โ „โ „โ นโฃฟโฃฟโ ‹โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โก„โข‚โ „โ „โ „โข€โก€โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โขธโ Ÿโขฟโขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ฐโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  โ „โ โ ˜โ “โ „โ ˆโ ‰โ ‰โ ‰โ ฐโ „โ „โ ˜โขนโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโก€โ ขโก€โ „โ ธโ ‹โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โ ธโ „โ ˆโ ˜โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขƒโ „โ ฐโ ธโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขณโ „โ โข„โ „โ „โ „โ „โก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ „โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข„โฃ€โ „โ „โ „โขโฃ โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โ  โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขงโ „โ „โข‚โ „โ „โ „โขฐโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโ ƒโข€โฃ€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ‰โ šโ ›โ ฟโ โกโ „โ „โ „โก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โ „โ „โ „โขƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃ†โ „โ „โข‚โ „โ „โ ธโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ƒโ ˜โข‚โ ˜โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ „โก„โ ‡โข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก€โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโข„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ „โข†โ „โ „โข‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฐโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ พโ †โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โกฐโฃถโฃคโฃ„โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ ปโ „โ ˆโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃทโฃ„โ „โ „โ ˆโ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฐโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ ธโก„โ „โ „โ „โฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ จโขทโฃดโกพโก‰โ ปโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ‚โฃ โ ƒโก†โ „โ „โ ˜โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โขนโฃฟโ ƒโฃฅโก€โ „โ „โ ‘โข„โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โก โขพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃƒโ „โ „โฃฐโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก™โ ปโ ฆโฃโกปโ ‹โฃ โฃพโ โกฐโ โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โข†โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ„โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโขฒโฃคโฃ„โฃ€โฃ€โก€โก€โฃ€โฃ€โฃ โฃคโ –โ ‰โ „โ „โ นโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ  โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ นโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ žโ โ „โ „โก€โกดโก‡โ „โ ‘โขคโก€โ „โ ˜โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ™โ ›โกฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ›โ ›โ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ›โฃฟโฃถโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโ „โ „โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โฃ€โก€โข€โกฟโ  โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโกโ ‡โ „โ „โฃธโฃฟโฃถโกคโฃทโกŸโขฟโฃฟโขฟโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ›โ ‰โขฆโฃ€โกธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โขนโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโฃปโ โ กโ โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โขธโขโ „โ „โข โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโ โฃฟโ โ „โ ปโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ „โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โ „โ „โ  โข
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก โ „โขฐโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ›โ Ÿโ ‰โ โขƒโก”โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โกˆโ „โข โกžโขธโฃฟโฃฟโ „โกโ „โ „โ „โฃญโ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃคโฃคโฃคโฃถโฃถโฃถโ ถโ ’โฃ€โ „โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ ˜โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโก†โขกโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ  โฃชโ Ÿโ „โ „โข€โ ‚โ „โ „โ „โข€โ „โ „โฃฟโก‡โ ธโขŸโ โ „โ ‡โ „โ „โ „โขปโฃฟโ ถโ „โ „โ „โก โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โฃ โกคโขพโ ฟโขฟโฃ›โฃ›โฃปโฃ‹โ „โฃ โฃพโฃฟโก‡โ ˜โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ นโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ †โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโฃฟโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โฃ†โ „โ „โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ‚โ กโ šโ โ „โ „โก โ โ „โ ฐโ „โ „โ ˆโ „โขธโฃฟโฃฅโฃ„โก‚โ คโข€โ ˜โฃ„โ „โ „โฃฐโ ƒโ „โ „โข”โฃˆโก โ คโ „โ ’โฃ‚โฃ‰โฃฅโฃคโฃถโฃถโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ โก โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ „โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃ‡โ „โ „โ „โขธโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโก˜โข†โ  โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โก€โ „โ „โ „โข€โ ƒโ „โข โ „โ „โฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃฆโฃคโฃฟโ ƒโ  โ โก โฃ‚โฃญโฃคโฃถโฃถโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโข‹โ คโ Šโ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโ „โ „โ ˆโขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ„โ „โ „โ ˆโ ‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ฑโก€โขฃโ โ „โ „โ „โ ’โ ‚โ „โ ‰โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โ พโขฑโก€โ ˜โ „โข€โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โ  โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ โ Šโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ†โ „โ „โ ˆโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃถโฃ„โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ป
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โฃธโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก โ โ „โ „โฃทโฃผโฃ‡โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโ ›โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โขฐโก†โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ฟโ ›โ ‹โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ „โ ธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃถโฃ„โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ฃโก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃ€โฃ€โ คโ Šโ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โขนโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ ˜โก‡โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโกŸโ ‹โ ‰โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขนโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ „โขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃถโฃ„โ „โ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ฉโ ‰โ ‰โ ‰โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฐโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ บโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡โ „โฃทโ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ‹โ ˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก„โ „โ ˆโขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃงโ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃผโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃโ ˆโ ™โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ ˆโ ปโ ‡โ „โฃฟโ „โ ™โ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ ฟโ Ÿโ ›โ ƒโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โกŒโ ˜โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃ„โ „โ „โ ปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฆโก€โ ™โฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โขปโก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ฐโ „โ „โ ˜โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฆโ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโก‡
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃธโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃทโฃ˜โฃฟโ „โ „โ „โ „โขธโก‡โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ ‡โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃง
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข‚โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโ „โ „โ „โข โกฟโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โกˆโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ›โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกŸโ „โ „โขโ Ÿโ ‘โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ จโขปโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ™โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโกฟโ ‹โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โขฃโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ  โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โฃฟโฃฟโ Ÿโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ธโฃพโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ โก€โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โกฟโ ƒโ „โข โก–โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โก„โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โขฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟ
โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˆโ ขโ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ Œโ „โ „โขฐโ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โข€โ โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ „โ ˜โฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟโฃฟ
R: 376 / I: 468

420chan Culture Museum

Come and visit this thread! Users of leftypol, siberia, for the 420chan Culture Museum.
Here you can see an array of ancient and modern screenshots, that stem from the wonderful civilization of narcomania that inhabited the place once known as 420chan, a place that is promised to return one day.
Our unique collection of historical screenshots tells the story of human relations with psychoactive substances.

[WARNING: Some screenshots might contain NSFW content, viewer discretion is advised.]
R: 48 / I: 8

Do they really?

Do multipoltards realize that two of their main positions are straight up contradictory?

The idea that:
>American empire must collapse to achieve communism.
And
>American proletarians have no revolutionary potential.
Being somewhat compatible is impossible.

How does America collapses and then a continuation of that geographical pole of economic influence doesn't appear again? What exactly is the way that the continental mass that was once called the United States of America doesn't become, by virtue of their natural resources, industrial machinery and population, an economic powerhouse again?

I personally think that the way to stop this would be for a socialist America to happen, that way, an imperial, capitalist nation won't take its place, but in order for that to happen we would need a proletariat revolution to take its place which automatically implies that the American working class is revolutionary.
R: 20 / I: 1
No matter what i do, ill never be happy with my body.

If i dont take hrt, ill hit twink death and end up with a disgusting old masculinized body. If i do take hrt, ill end up with shrunken balls and a weird fucked up dick.
Either way, ill still be stuck in a body im extremely uncomfortable in.

Im simply not compatible with this existence. Suicide is the only option left for me
R: 4 / I: 1

Can dictators ever be good?

Being the Chairman or General Secretary of a one party state doesn't make you a dictator. However there have been dictators of communist countries before that did have absolute power. So do you think a dictator can ever be good? Personally I think there have been a few before that were good but we can't trust future people with being as good as them so its best to stick with Central Democracyโ€ฆ Unless I get to be the Dictator though, then its fine.
R: 25 / I: 2

Stereotypical music from whatever country you live in

Post stereotypical music from whatever country you live in.
I live in Amerikkka so here are my choices
The body was too short The body was too short The body was too short The body was too short The body was too short The body was too short
R: 1 / I: 0

any band/project name ideas?

The project is avantgarde gothic dsbmgaze/sludgecore/deathrock with topics of death, sex, nature, satanism, abstract and surrealism. Do you have any ideas for a project name?
R: 6 / I: 0

What jobs or positions did you dream of having as a child and as a teen?

Childhood
>veterinarian
>pilot
>sorcerer
Teen years
>soldier
>musician,
>serial killer(Yes, I'm from the U.S.)



The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.
R: 282 / I: 73

/MENA/#1

A general to compile all news, articles, essays and info related to the Greater Middle East-North Africa region.

Creating this general in an effort to centralize all the info that currently gets posted to 5 different threads concerning conflicts and developments in the MENA region. Seeing how slow they generally are and at risk of getting bumped off besides the Palestine thread and that itโ€™s likely people interested in Yemen, Syria, Iran, Sudan and Palestine are likely also interested in news and info from across the region I think it would be useful to post everything in one place.

This will be the inaugural edition to see how it goes. Welcome!
R: 50 / I: 15

/PROLE VENT/

Was tricked to sign a letter of resignation from my job at the russian post office. Despite the fact that I was on probation and my employment contract was fixed-term (although informally after its termination they almost always offer a full-time position) my…I don't know - supervisor? the main bitch of the workplace? didn't like me because of a couple of fuckups like a cash shortage, which I was really guilty of and paid for out of my own pocket (the statement of financial responsibility was signed by me on the first day of employment), and she decided to lie that the employee I was replacing was about to go to work.
Which was an easily verifiable lie that I realized literally as I closed the door behind me. Ah, yes, since I quit "at my own request", I have to work for three days, so called "otrabotka" (two weeks if you were taken without probation), which I will not do (devilish?), because after signing my resignation letter I am no longer an employee and can not be forced to work.
Also new thing I learned opening the labor code for the first time.
-there is no concept of working after dismissal, but there is a concept of notification before dismissal, so it should be 3 days or 2 weeks before the fact.

Thanks for reading my stupid rant.
R: 0 / I: 0

accounting

is there really a shortage? I think I can fake my way into a job in accounting with a bit of studying if anyone is hiring, rather do this than apply to a billion ghost jobs in tech
R: 2 / I: 0

pickitup wagie

The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty. The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.The body was too short or empty.
R: 4 / I: 1

/indopol/

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ณ General thread for ETERNAL INDIA
<CPI centenary edition
On the hundredth year anniversary of the Communist Party of India, we wish happiness to the comrades around the world.
R: 17 / I: 1
what would you do if you had a TAKRAF RB293 bucket wheel excavator, as well as a who crew capable of operating it, and infinite electricity to operate it
BE HONEST!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
R: 0 / I: 0

๐ŸŽTรผrkmenistan๐Ÿ‡น๐Ÿ‡ฒ

You don't need love, you don't need relationships, all you really need is tasty food, drugs and travel holidays. Death to humanity, victory to transhumanism. - Guy Fieri (Real quote, look it up)
R: 46 / I: 8
You know, I came to the conclusion Zionism cannot have any kind of materialist explanation, because it's not capitalism or whatever, it's simply a cult that must dismantled by humanity together.

Trying to understand Zionism as anything other than a cult will result in failure.
R: 14 / I: 1

What do you think the sex ratio of people who use this site is?

Probably China but way more extreme
R: 519 / I: 77 (sticky)

/edu/ checkpoint

Everytime you visit /edu/, post in this thread. Tell us about what you're thinking about, what you're reading, an interesting thing you have learned today, anything! Just be sure to pop in and say hi.

Previous thread >>>/leftypol_archive/580500
Archive of previous thread
https://archive.is/saN3S

Excuse me coming through
A quick note on the video @ >>>/leftypol/1538283
Also [vid related] for archival purposes

Around the 29 minute mark Peterson criticizes Marx and Engel's for assuming that workers would magically become more productive once they took over.

This actually happened historically, most of the actually effective productivity tricks work places use now were developed by Stakhanovites.

https://soviethistory.msu.edu/1936-2/year-of-the-stakhanovite/year-of-the-stakhanovite-texts/stalin-at-the-conference-of-stakhanovites/

Reality has a Marxist bias
R: 5 / I: 0

Fact

Being a Nazi isn't edgy - you'll have the support of millions of people, and America has been promoting the far-right agenda for years. You're literally the majority, you're the NPC.
Being edgy is being pro-trans - you might literally get suicide wishes and be pelted with insults so vile that even Russian swear words will seem like compliments. Your topic is so taboo that even lib/left are often afraid to speak out and mumble, "Y-yeah, that's your opinion - wish all transhumanists dead, and I gulp respect that."
R: 2 / I: 0
Assigned chud at birth
R: 171 / I: 100

Fashion thread V

Previous thread: >>36889
R: 7 / I: 0

radiohead

yo, im new here. never really used an image board before. any radiohead fans on here? reply with your favorite song
R: 417 / I: 134

Vtuber General

ITT We discuss about our favorite Vtubers, corpo and indie alike. Liveposting, (Spoilered) Porn and Rateposting are all encouraged.

I'll start with my own recommendation:

Rie Himemiya from Phase Connect [EN] Gen 2 Phase Alias. A Vsinger with great covers and original songs such as Love Potion #520 and ใ‚ฒใƒ†ใƒขใƒŽ (Bizarre Food) / Utsu-P โ™ก to give you two examples.

Her streams as of now center around variety gaming such as her recent playthrough of Pokรฉmon HG/SS as her first Pokรฉmon game although she is mostly focused on Limbus Company and Library of Ruina as well as community projects like Date Ideas for Valentines season or making a love song out of Schizophrenic Maros.

However I do recommend her older VODs as well such as Sandtrix or Gayraoke for her humor and great chat interaction. If you want something more recent check out her 100 songs for 100k Christmas Special from last year. Remember to do your reps and backreading

https://www.youtube.com/@HimemiyaRie/streams
https://nitter.net/HimemiyaRie
https://open.spotify.com/intl-es/artist/6tKYFARX2bMPlQwglwXNoB


When it comes to membership content, for Tier 1 you get members exclusive covers, static and animated wallpapers, exclusive community posts and access to her art archive.
R: 46 / I: 0
I have so much insecurity I always think and feel like I'm not manly enough in attitude and appearance and that will always give other gays the ick for being too zesty or effeminate. How can I deal with if?
I always crave to be extremely masculine

The fact I don't care about football or any sport also makes me feel feminine and zesty
R: 256 / I: 54 (sticky)

Moderation Feedback

Come dispute bans, complain, get jannified, and other such things related to /leftypol/ here. Please try not to spam this thread or make multiple posts on the same issue, as this makes it harder for us to respond to issues.

IF YOUR IP IS BANNED ON META USE THE MATRIX WAITING ROOM
https://matrix.to/#/#leftypolantechamber:matrix.org

Logs:
https://leftypol.org/log.php?board=leftypol

Free onions:
http://kacdyre2mccory3jccpzu36ybzr6tpteuic6a7uhhya4dleek4xeuiid.onion/

Previous thread >>39778
R: 10 / I: 4
i find that a lot of leftist discourse is very idealistic, like "X won't exist in our perfect communist society so engaging with it is counter-revolutionary", ie "sex work won't exist, so there's no need to engage with it" or "small businesses won't exist so engaging with them is wrong" or "drugs will be banned under communism, so engaging with the people who consume them is wrong"

This makes for easy theory posting and internet debates, but is really bad for actually engaging in material real world praxis because we do not live under the society we want to create, and the time it will take to create the envisioned society is literally multiple lifetimes, ie even if revolution happened tomorrow, the task of creating the society we want doesn't end, if anything, that's when it really begins. it's this idea that communism is a static utopia that will mysteriously happen in the future. This line of thinking ignores that communism will emerge dialectically from the contradictions of capitalism. This utopianism is ultimately the very counter-revolutionary thought it claims to defend against.

my honest opinion is that engaging in utopianism is significantly easier than engaging in materialism, especially if one is constrained by their material conditions, or consumed by a sense of hopeless nihilism. I think that's also why I piss people off so much, because there's proof that I've been able to *something*, and any amount of *something* is more than nothing, and that's in spite of my own material conditions being well, poverty and struggle. Which means that someone who has more comfort, more resources, more stability should be able engage in praxis too, but the fear of action paralyzes. Praxis means working with imperfect allies, making tactical compromises, making mistakes, failing, being embarrassed, taking losses, trying new things, applying theory dialetically and getting dirty. Utopianism keeps your hands clean and your theory pure. People with clean hands are disgusted by people with dirty ones.

the only thing standing between the comfortable leftist and material praxis is their own choice.
R: 5 / I: 2

Don't show zis to ze /pol/

Klaus was born in Nazi Germany in 1938. His father was then the head of Escher-Wyss, a strategic company in Nazi Germany, and ran his own concentration camp where prisoners were forced to work for free.
R: 2 / I: 0

News 1/20/26

After withdrawal of SDF | Members and families of IS*IS smuggled from Al-Hawl Camp
Al-Hawl Camp in Al-Hasakah countryside witnessed organized smuggling operations of ISIS members and families after the withdrawal of SDF from the camp that has held ISIS cells for many years, after the โ€œInternational Coalitionโ€ forces refused demands of SDF to interfere to stop the attacks by local armed groups of the Syrian authority on the vicinity of the camp. According to local SOHR sources, smuggling networks took advantage of the security chaos and withdrawal of SDF to smuggle detaineea through several routes.
https://www.syriahr.com/en/376653/

Jerusalem churches denounce Christian Zionism as betrayal of faith
Christians made up around 12.5 percent of the population of historic Palestine before 1948, compared with roughly 1.2 percent today across Israel and the occupied territories. During the war on Gaza, churches were repeatedly bombed and at least 44 Palestinian Christians were killed, according to the committee. Zionist organisations, some of them funded by the Israeli government, including Ataret Cohanim, continue efforts to take control of church-owned properties near the Jaffa Gate in Jerusalemโ€™s Old City, close to the Christian and Armenian quarters.
https://www.newarab.com/news/jerusalem-churches-accuse-zionism-hijacking-christianity

Sadr urges Iraqi factions to set aside differences as 'great danger' looms from Syria
Sadr called on political parties to focus on what he described as mounting dangers, warning of severe consequences if divisions persist. โ€œLeave your conflicts and your competition over this fleeting world… and pay attention to the dangers surrounding you… for neither God nor history will have mercy on you,โ€ he said, as he appealed for unity amid regional instability.
https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/180120261

Museveniโ€™s son threatens Bobi Wine after Uganda election
Ugandaโ€™s General Muhoozi Kainerugaba issued the threat on Tuesday just days after Museveni, 81, was declared winner of a seventh term as president in an election declared a โ€œshamโ€ by the opposition over claims of fraudulent votes. … โ€œWe have killed 22 NUP terrorists since last week,โ€ Kainerugaba wrote on X Tuesday, referring to the opposition National Unity Platform, led by Wine, who came second in the ballot. โ€œIโ€™m praying the 23rd is Kabobi,โ€ he added, using his nickname for the opposition leader.
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/1/20/musevenis-son-threatens-bobi-wine-after-uganda-election
https://archive.ph/wEn0U

RSF admits border clash as Chad says seven soldiers killed
The admission came after the spokesperson for the Chadian government, Qassem Sharif, announced last Friday that an RSF armed incursion into Chad had killed seven Chadian soldiers and wounded others near Jargeira in North Darfur, close to the eastern Chad border. The area has repeatedly changed hands between the RSF and the Joint Force amid a week of heavy fighting.
https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rsf-admits-border-clash-as-chad-says-seven-soldiers-killed

โ€˜Theyโ€™re emboldenedโ€™: British far-right activists step up harassment of asylum seekers in northern France
French groups supporting asylum seekers also say that water tanks, which they provide for asylum seekers who have difficulty accessing other sources of water, are being vandalised and damaged, making them unusable. Asylum seekers who have had unwelcome visits to their sleeping spaces by far-right activists have insisted that although they are fearful, they refuse to rise to the bait when the activists goad them.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/jan/19/theyre-emboldened-british-far-right-activists-step-up-harassment-of-asylum-seekers-in-northern-france

Unemployment reaches highest rate in nearly five years
As 21,000 Job Centre staff began balloting for strikes, official figures showed Britainโ€™s overall unemployment rate rose to 5.1 per cent over the past three months. Youth unemployment is up to 13.7 per cent despite 16 to 24-year-old economic inactivity dropping from 32.8 to 29.7 per cent over the last year, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) revealed.
https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/unemployment-reaches-highest-rate-nearly-five-years

Colombia slashes wages for its legislators as public spending balloons ahead of election
In its decree Tuesday, Colombiaโ€™s government said that wages currently received by legislators are โ€œdisproportionate in relation to the average income of the (nationโ€™s) population and the countryโ€™s economic reality.โ€ โ€œAusterity measures are necessary to the extent that they donโ€™t affect the fundamental rights of citizensโ€ the decree said.
https://apnews.com/article/colombia-petro-congress-wages-cut-slashed-reduced-election-c72b54a7c4f8d07a0427eb5a9a9b7dc2

US military seizes another Venezuela-linked tanker in the Caribbean
The U.S. military said it seized a Venezuela-linked tanker on Tuesday in the Caribbean, marking the seventh such apprehension since the start of U.S. President Donald Trump's month-long campaign to control Venezuela's oil flows.
https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/us-military-seizes-another-venezuela-linked-tanker-caribbean-2026-01-20/

Men charged with contract killing of Indigenous leader to go on trial in Peru
Five men are due to go on trial on Tuesday over the killing of an Amazonian Indigenous leader, in a legal case that could test whether Peru can hold perpetrators accountable for violence linked to illegal logging and drug trafficking in one of the worldโ€™s most dangerous regions for environmental defenders.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/jan/20/trial-peru-amazon-quinto-inuma-alvarado-indigenous-leader

Myanmar Junta Unleashes Reign of Terror in Recaptured Mandalay Towns
Families of members of the Mandalay Peopleโ€™s Defense Force (MDYโ€“PDF) have reportedly been killed or arrested and charged under harsh laws. Residents said young men were press-ganged into military service. Although displaced villagers have been allowed to return, authorities are restricting movement, barring people from leaving without โ€œvalid reasons.โ€
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmar-junta-unleashes-reign-of-terror-in-recaptured-mandalay-towns.html

China urges Taliban to tighten security after suicide attack on restaurant in Kabul
โ€œChina expresses deep condolences over the lives lost and heartfelt sympathies to the injured. We have lodged urgent representations with the Afghan authorities, urging them to make every possible effort to save and treat the injured, ensure the safety of Chinese nationals, projects and institutions, thoroughly investigate the attack, and bring those responsible to justice at the earliest,โ€ Guo Jiakun said.
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/china/ensure-safety-of-our-nationals-beijing-to-taliban-after-chinese-restaurant-blast-in-kabul-is-claims-responsibility/articleshow/126802610.cms
https://archive.ph/C4167
R: 5 / I: 1
lets talk about progressive webapps. i actually like them, because i'm trying to use my android phone without a google account.

i even have the feeling, that most pwas are just as good or sometimes even slightly better than the native app version.
R: 34 / I: 3

MAGA-Communism?

What do you think about rightoids who idolize autocracies and isolationism like Juche?
They have been pushing for a multi-polar world and I have definitely seen rightoids that idolize centralized governments, mainly Russia but also places like North Korea and Juche for being self relying and so on.
R: 1 / I: 0

Anime exists for one primary purpose

I see a 2d lady savagely mutilate people, I save it in my hard disk drive as a Portable Network Graphic
Simple as
Cartoon gore shouldn't count as shock content, let's be reasonable
R: 31 / I: 46

Ballbusting is revolutionary, actually.

I mean, let's be honest, the fight against capitalism cant happen on equal terms, you do not fight fire with fire, we have seen that even after acquiring nukes and a huge army, capitalism just waits for exhaustion and penetrates any socialist regime that tries to fight it directly.

We have also seen in the last two decades, that by far the biggest issue for capitalism is the lack of labourers to exploit, not only are the capitalists spending great amount of political capital to allow for endless immigration, but they are spending huge amount of money on the development of AI and humanoid robots and even fantasize with the creation of artificial wombs. In simple terms, the capitalist class fears anti-natalism the most.

Therefore, we understand the most progressive form of revolution is anti-natalism, and the quintessential form of revolutionary eroticism is ballbusting/CBT.

Post ball crushing.
R: 546 / I: 103

/FrancoPol/ ๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ท

๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ท Aux armes, citoyens ! ๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ท
I noticed there is no thread for France related shit. So let this be one. French people deserve a safe space and guarantees for their continued existence on loser imageboards!
J'ai remarquรฉ qu'il n'y a pas de thread dediรฉ pour la France, alors que les salauds amรฉricains et anglais en ont des centaines. Franรงais, ne succombez pas ร  l'impรฉrialisme anglochiotte!

Subjets of Macronpiter, leave a post.
R: 131 / I: 7
Post in this thread every time you come to this board. Post music you like here, whatever it may be.
<vid
CLASS WAR DECLARATION MIX FROM THE THAI LABOUR MUSEUM STORAGE ROOM
R: 35 / I: 5

Using X in a post-imageboard era

I loved imageboards for their anonymity and ephemerality: pure focus on content, no identities, no permanent traces. Threads emerge, live briefly, and disappear again.Today, imageboards are dead: almost all users have moved to X. It offers the greatest variety, highest quality, and the best algorithms that filter out the junk. In an endless flood of content, good algorithms are the solution, not the problem.But I donโ€™t want the typical social media downsides (self-presentation, followers, digital footprints). Thatโ€™s why I use X in a way that simulates a modern, high-quality imageboard experience:

1. I follow no one.
Only the For You tab decides what I see, everything stays random and content-focused.

2. I delete every one of my posts after a maximum of 24 hours.
My profile stays empty, posts are only temporarily visible, like a thread that gets bumped down.

3. I block everyone who follows me.
Systematically and immediately, so no followers or parasocial connections can form.

This way, I get anonymity and ephemerality on the objectively best content platform. I consume and post comments without ever building an โ€œidentity.โ€ This method does not violate Xโ€™s terms of service. Nevertheless, from the platformโ€™s perspective it is harmful: I maximally exploit the algorithm and infrastructure but provide no lasting value or network effects, essentially parasitic.Thatโ€™s exactly why I do it this way.

X is too good to avoid entirely, but I donโ€™t want to be a classic social media user. With this approach, I get the best of both worlds.
R: 64 / I: 11

Denominations and classes within the proleteriat

Can someone tell me about whether there are classes inside the proletariat other than the lumpenproletariat, the labor aristocracy, and the managerial class? Is there a pyramid for it? Is there a similar differentiation on the classes constituting the bourgeoisie? What'd the lower middle class be defined, as a term? Can someone tell me more about the view on the middle class in general?
R: 11 / I: 0
Homosapienslop guzzlers will cry on their knees while applauding for this just because it's made by a human
R: 2 / I: 1
Why do so many trans allies think sex is immutable? Don't hormones and surgeries at least partially change it? A passoid with SRS is much closer to a woman than a man.
They're just as chromosomal reductionists as the right.
R: 108 / I: 41 (sticky)

ANIMAL ELECTION RESULTS!!!!!!

BIRD and HEDGEHOG have WON the 2025 Animal Election!!!

Lets find out right now which one is going to be the president, and which will be the vice president by using the dice roll feature:
dice 1d2 = 1
If the number above is 1, then the president is BIRD
If the number above is 2, then the president is HEDGEHOG


The LOVECRAFTIAN party has won the most congress seats!!!

What does this mean for the future of our society?!?!??
R: 180 / I: 114

OC Thread 18.0

Thread dedicated to /leftypol/ original content.
>Post original content you've made, or OC someone else recently made which you want to share.
<Or ITT collaborate on improving content already made.

If your original content is good enough, it would most likely be shared on the /leftypol/ twitter account!
Make sure to follow us and feel free to leave suggestions on this thread~
https://twitter.com/leftypol_org
https://xcancel.com/leftypol_org

previous thread: >>1945100
>>>/leftypol_archive/1945100 (if it gets archived by mods, don't hold your breath)

New Booru:
https://lefty.pictures

MAKE SURE TO UPLOAD YOUR OC TO THE BOORU SO IT DOESNT GET PRUNED FOREVER!!!
R: 6 / I: 0

Deep Dark Confession

Sometimes i like to urinate on the floors before guests come, and then when they do come and see the absolutely fermented pool of yellow water on my living room i'd act all exasperated, blame my cat and yell at her. It brings me no small amount of exhibitionist joy knowing that my guests will sit with their best "don't make this awkward" smile while i wipe human urine right in front of them
R: 3 / I: 0

NAZI FOR MIGRANS

FUCK TRUMP REFUGEES WELCOME!
๐Ÿ‘ฑ๐Ÿปโ€โ™€๏ธโค๏ธ๐Ÿ‘ณ๐Ÿฟโ€โ™‚๏ธ=wiggaryan beast๐Ÿ‘ฑ๐Ÿฟโ€โ™‚๏ธ
R: 15 / I: 8

HIZB-UT-TAHRIR

Refutation of the Capitalist Western Thought as an Ideology, Civilization and Culture
(Translated from Arabic)
Issued by
Hizb ut Tahrir

1st Edition
Safar 1443 AH
September 2021 CE

โ€œAnd declare, โ€˜The truth has come and
falsehood has perished. Indeed, falsehood is
bound to perish.โ€™โ€
[TMQ Surah Al-Israโ€™a 17:81]
https://www.hizb-ut-tahrir.org/index.php/EN/bshow/5350/
https://mykhilafah.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Naqed_alFekr_alGharbi_EN_18.04.2022.pdf
R: 23 / I: 7

Hugbox thread

Come here if you want (or need) someone to tell you something nice or something along those lines. Let's all comfort each other
R: 395 / I: 113

/Political Economy/ General #5 - SmithAnon: Origins Edition

Previous thread: >>2507158

Links:

Previous Thread Archives
Thread 1 https://archive.ph/ROnpO
Thread 2 https://archive.ph/f29Po
Thread 3 https://archive.ph/GZj20
Thread 4 https://archive.ph/ZHfse

Youtube Playlists
Anwar Shaikh - Historical Foundations of Political Economy
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTMFx0t8kDzc72vtNWeTP05x6WYiDgEx7
Anwar Shaikh - Capitalism: Competition, Conflict and Crises
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB1uqxcCESK6B1juh_wnKoxftZCcqA1go
Anwar Shaikh - Capitalism
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLz4k72ocf2TZMxrEVCgpp1b5K3hzFWuZh
Capital Volume 1 high quality audiobook from Andrew S. Rightenburg (Human-Read, not AI voice or TTS voice)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUjbFtkcDBlSHVigHHx_wjaeWmDN2W-h8
Capital Volume 2 high quality audiobook from Andrew S. Rightenburg (Human-Read, not AI voice or TTS voice)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUjbFtkcDBlSxnp8uR2kshvhG-5kzrjdQ
Capital Volume 3 high quality audiobook from Andrew S. Rightenburg (Human-Read, not AI voice or TTS voice)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUjbFtkcDBlRoV5CVoc5yyYL4nMO9ZJzO
Theories of Surplus Value high quality audiobook from Andrew S. Rightenburg (Human-Read, not AI voice or TTS voice)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUjbFtkcDBlQa-dFgNFtQvvMOgNtV7nXp
Paul Cockshott - Labor Theory of Value Playlist
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKVcO3co5aCBnDt7k5eU8msX4DhTNUila
Paul Cockshott - Economic Planning Playlist
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKVcO3co5aCDnkyY9YkQxpx6FxPJ23joH
Paul Cockshott - Materialism, Marxism, and Thermodynamics Playlist
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKVcO3co5aCBv0m0fAjoOy1U4mOs_Y8QM
Victor Magariรฑo - Austrian Economics: A Critical Analysis
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpHi51IjLqerA1aKeGe3DcRc7zCCFkAoq
Victor Magariรฑo - Rethinking Classical Economics
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpHi51IjLqepj9uE1hhCrA66tMvNlnItt
Victor Magariรฑo - Mathematics for Classical Political Economy
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpHi51IjLqepWUHXIgVhC_Txk2WJgaSst
Geopolitical Economy Hour with Radhika Desai and Michael Hudson (someone says "he's CIA doing reheated Proudhonism" lol)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7ejfZdPboo&list=PLDAi0NdlN8hMl9DkPLikDDGccibhYHnDP

Potential Sources of Information
Leftypol Wiki Political Economy Category (needs expanding)
https://leftypedia.miraheze.org/wiki/Category:Political_economy
Sci-Hub
https://sci-hub.se/about
Marxists Internet Archive
https://www.marxists.org/
Library Genesis
https://libgen.is/
University of the Left
http://ouleft.sp-mesolite.tilted.net/Online
bannedthought.net
https://bannedthought.net/
Books scanned by Ismail from eregime.org that were uploaded to archive.org
https://archive.org/details/@ismail_badiou
The Great Soviet Encyclopedia: Articles from the GSE tend to be towards the bottom.
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/
EcuRed: Cuba's online encyclopedia
https://www.ecured.cu/
Books on libcom.org
https://libcom.org/book
Dictionary of Revolutionary Marxism
https://massline.org/Dictionary/index.htm
/EDU/ ebook share thread
https://leftypol.org/edu/res/22659.html
Pre-Marxist Economics (Marx studied these thinkers before writing Capital and Theories of Surplus Value)
https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/economics/index.htm
Principle writings of Karl Marx on political economy, 1844-1883
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/subject/economy/index.htm
Speeches and Articles of Marx and Engels on Free Trade and Protectionism, 1847-1888
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/subject/free-trade/index.htm
(The Critique Of) Political Economy After Marx's Death
https://www.marxists.org/subject/economy/postmarx.htm
R: 77 / I: 67 (sticky)

Reading General Sticky

Hello, /leftypol/!
Welcome to the Reading General Sticky! This thread will be dedicated to the sharing, discussing, and general banter about various leftist thinkers, theories, and political outlooks.

Don't forget to check out >>>/edu/ for more reading and discussion!

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
Common Right Wing Talking Points Debunks
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

Check out the /edu/ thread at
https://leftypol.org/edu/res/5576.html

Also see the relevant leftybooru tag
https://lefty.pictures/post/list/debunk/1
Add topics into the tag list to further narrow down your search!

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”
Reading Matrix Room - Thanks to the /read/ matrix room (https://matrix.to/#/#leftyread:matrix.org)
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Classical Marxism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
The foundational texts and concepts strictly written and conceived by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.

Tier 1
Communist Manifesto (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/index.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knCYXFisM4k

Theses on Feuerbach (1845) by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/theses/theses.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zA-Gn8q47cs

Wage Labour and Capital (1847) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/wage-labour/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6llbLvm3RAc

Principles of Communism (1847) by Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/11/prin-com.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGcpspooZvk

Critique of the Gotha Programme (1875) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1875/gotha/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIkR-0NeOzw

Socialism: Utopian and Scientific (1880) by Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1880/soc-utop/index.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4_BiWhvVyA

Tier 2
The Holy Family (1844) by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/holy-family/

On The Jewish Question (1844) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/jewish-question/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lu7jgrQ_oF8

Conditions of the Working Class in England (1845) by Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/condition-working-class/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDaK6b6eZrg

The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (1952) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1852/18th-brumaire/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=orxXeE8kn4U

Value, Price and Profit (1865) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1865/value-price-profit/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjhVZW3HJzM

The Civil War in France (1871) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1871/civil-war-france/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSWrTzJFrnQ

Tier 3
Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right (1843) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1843/critique-hpr/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b78lwj_TNVI

Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts (1844) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/preface.htm

The German Ideology (1846) by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ERf6Qvqwr6g

The Poverty of Philosophy (1847) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/poverty-philosophy/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iNy2A2ZpSEU

Grundrisse (1858) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1857/grundrisse/

Anti-Dรผhring (1877) by Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1877/anti-duhring/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bATakOyA0zc

The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State (1884) by Friedrich Engels
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1884/origin-family/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8W2GaAs5VLo

DAS KAPITAL
Capital: A Critique of Political Economy (1867) by Karl Marx
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhXStf2E1tc


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
German Idealism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Philosophical movement that generally argues that the mindโ€™s structures (reason, self-consciousness) play an active role in shaping reality and experience, centering on how freedom, subjectivity, and the unity of subject and object grounds knowledge and moral life. Hugely influential in revolutionary socialist currents.

Critique of Pure Reason (1781) by Immanuel Kant
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.gutenberg.org/files/4280/4280-h/4280-h.htm

Foundations of the Science of Knowledge (1794) by Johann Gottlieb Fichte
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://dn720207.ca.archive.org/0/items/thescienceofknow00fichuoft/thescienceofknow00fichuoft.pdf

The Phenomenology of Spirit (1801) by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hegel/works/ph/phconten.htm

The Essence of Christianity (1841) by Ludwig Feuerbach
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/47025/pg47025-images.html

The Jewish Question (1843) by Bruno Bauer
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.scribd.com/document/720704445/bruno-bauer-the-jewish-question


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Utopian Socialism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Early socialist current that imagined ideal, cooperative communities and peaceful social reforms achieved by moral persuasion and voluntary association rather than class struggle or revolution.

The Social Contract (1762) by Jean-Jacques Rousseau
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/46333/pg46333-images.html

The Wealth of Nations (1776) by Adam Smith
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3300/3300-h/3300-h.htm

The Theory of the Four Movements (1808) by Charles Fourier
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://libcom.org/article/theory-four-movements-charles-fourier

A New View of Society and Other Writings (1813) by Robert Owen
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/economics/owen/society/index.htm

On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1817) by David Ricardo
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/33310/pg33310-images.html

New Christianity (1825) by Henri de Saint-Simon
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/New_Christianity.pdf

Holy History of Mankind (1837) by Moses Hess
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://ia801505.us.archive.org/23/items/119933_20230725/Moses%20Hess.%20The%20Holy%20History%20of%20Mankind%20and%20Other%20Writings.pdf

Principles of Political Economy (1848) by John Stuart Mill
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/30107/pg30107-images.html

Instructions pour une prise d'armes (1866) by Louis Auguste Blanqui
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/francais/blanqui/1866/instructions.htm


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Classical Anarchism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Rejects the state and hierarchical authority, serves as the basis for modern and contemporary Anarchism. Variants include Mutualism, Anarcho-Collectivism and Individualist anarchism.

Tier 1
What is Property? (1840) by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/pierre-joseph-proudhon-what-is-property-an-inquiry-into-the-principle-of-right-and-of-governmen
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XeoynLwP3u4

Collectivism (1872) by Adhรฉmar Schwitzguรฉbel
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/adhemar-schwitzguebel-collectivism

Tier 2
The Philosophy of Poverty (1846) by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/pierre-joseph-proudhon-system-of-economical-contradictions-or-the-philosophy-of-poverty

God and the State (1871) by Mikhail Bakunin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/michail-bakunin-god-and-the-state
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLArnrsxwWY

Ideas on Social Organisation (1876) by James Guillaume
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/james-guillaume-ideas-on-social-organization

Tier 3
Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and its Influence on Morals and Happiness (1793) by William Godwin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/godwin-political-justice

The Ego and Its Own (1844) by Max Stirner
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stirner/ego-and-its-own.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBOex4R61Oo

Statism and Anarchy (1873) by Mikhail Bakunin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/mikhail-bakunin-statism-and-anarchy


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Orthodox Marxism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Treats Marxism as a scientific, historical-materialist doctrine. Generally arguing that capitalism contains objective economic contradictions that makes proletarian revolution and socialism inevitable. Therefore, political organization, class struggle, and economic analysis are central.

Tier 1
The Present Position of the Socialist Movement in Germany (1896) by Wilhelm Liebknecht
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/liebknecht-w/1896/06/essex-lecture.html

Erfurt Program (1891) by Karl Kautsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/history/international/social-democracy/1891/erfurt-program.htm

What Means This Strike? (1898) by Daniel DeLeon
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/deleon/works/1898/980211.htm

The Burning Question of Trade Unionism (1904) by Daniel DeLeon
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/deleon/works/1904/040421.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGe1aEA4UOw

The Main Enemy Is At Home! (1914) by Karl Liebknecht
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/liebknecht-k/works/1915/05/main-enemy-home.htm

Tier 2
Socialism and the Political Struggle (1883) by Georgi Plekhanov
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/plekhanov/1883/struggle/index.htm

The Class Struggle (Erfurt Program) (1892) by Karl Kautsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1892/erfurt/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMCOEZ8xjqM

On the Role of the Individual in History (1898) by Georgi Plekhanov
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/plekhanov/1898/xx/individual.html
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQCUjwmSSk4

Reform or Revolution? (1900) by Rosa Luxemburg
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1900/reform-revolution/index.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVZgtmGmyl4

Militarism and Anti-Militarism (1907) by Karl Liebknecht
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/liebknecht-k/works/1907/militarism-antimilitarism/index.htm

The Mass Strike, the Political Party and the Trade Unions (1906) by Rosa Luxemburg
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1906/mass-strike/

The Historic Accomplishment of Karl Marx (1908) by Karl Kautsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1908/histacc/index.html

The National Question and Autonomy (1908) by Rosa Luxemburg
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1909/national-question/index.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-vkL6ZUnzcc

The Road to Power (1909) by Karl Kautsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1909/power/

Tier 3
The Development of the Monist View of History (1895) by Georgi Plekhanov
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/plekhanov/1895/monist/index.htm

No Compromise โ€“ No Political Trading (1899) by Wilhelm Liebknecht
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/liebknecht-w/1899/nocomp/index.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZlYu23bMNhg

The Socialist Crisis in France (1901) by Rosa Luxemburg
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1901/socialist-crisis-france/index.htm

The Social Revolution (1902) by Karl Kautsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1902/socrev/

Socialist Reconstruction of Society (1905) by Daniel DeLeon
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/deleon/works/1905/050710.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yzF6QXNIWV0

The Foundations of Christianity (1908) by Karl Kautsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1908/christ/index.htm

The Accumulation of Capital (1913) by Rosa Luxemburg
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1913/accumulation-capital/


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Anarcho-Communism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Advocates for abolishing the state, capitalism, and private ownership of the means of production in favor of decentralized, voluntary communes with common ownership and distribution "from each according to ability, to each according to need." Variants include Platformism, Syncreticism, and Magonism.

Tier 1
Catechism of a Revolutionary (1869) by Sergey Nechayev
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/subject/anarchism/nechayev/catechism.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7kviqQa6ZU

To Manual Workers, Supporters of Political Action (1876) by Franรงois Dumartheray
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/francois-dumartheray-to-manual-workers-supporters-of-political-action

Anarchy and Communism (1880) by Carlo Cafiero
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/carlo-cafiero-anarchy-and-communism

Our Revolution (1881) by Carlo Cafiero
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/cafiero/1881/our-revolution.html

A Word to Tramps (1884) by Lucy Parsons
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/lucy-e-parsons-to-tramps

Words of a Rebel (1885) by Peter Kropotkin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/kropotkin-peter/1885/words-of-a-rebel/index.html

I Am an Anarchist (1886) by Lucy Parsons
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/lucy-e-parsons-i-am-an-anarchist

Anarchy (1891) by Errico Malatesta
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/errico-malatesta-anarchy

Manifesto of the Mexican Liberal Party (1911) by Ricardo Flores Magรณn
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/subject/anarchism/ricardo-flores-magon/1911/manifesto-of-the-mexican-liberal-party.html

The Anarchist Synthesis (1927) by Sรฉbastien Faure
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/sebastien-faure-the-anarchist-synthesis

A Project of Anarchist Organisation (1927) by Errico Malatesta
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/errico-malatesta-a-project-of-anarchist-organisation

The ABC of Communist Anarchism (1929) by Alexander Berkman
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/berkman/1929/what-is-communist-anarchism/index.html

Tier 2
Fields, Factories and Workshops (1899) by Peter Kropotkin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/petr-kropotkin-fields-factories-and-workshops-or-industry-combined-with-agriculture-and-brain-w

At the Cafรฉ: Conversations on Anarchism (1922) by Errico Malatesta
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/malatesta/1922/at-the-cafe/index.html

On Synthesis (1924) by Volin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/subject/anarchism/voline/1924/on-synthesis.html

The Struggle Against the State and Other Essays (1926) by Nestor Makhno
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/makhno-nestor/works/1926/struggle-against-the-state/index.html

Tier 3
The Conquest of Bread (1892) by Peter Kropotkin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/kropotkin-peter/1892/bread.htm

Mutual Aid (1902) by Peter Kropotkin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/kropotkin-peter/1902/mutual-aid/index.htm

History of the Makhnovist Movement (1918โ€“1921) (1923) by Peter Arshinov
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/peter-arshinov-history-of-the-makhnovist-movement-1918-1921

The Russian Revolution in the Ukraine (1926) by Nestor Makhno
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/nestor-makhno-the-russian-revolution-in-the-ukraine

Organizational Platform of the General Union of Anarchists (Draft) (1926) by Various Authors
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/dielo-truda-workers-cause-organisational-platform-of-the-libertarian-communists


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Leninism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Based on the works of Vladimir Lenin, argues for a disciplined vanguard party using democratic centralism to seize state power and establish a temporary dictatorship of the proletariat to lead the transition from capitalism to socialism.

Tier 1
What Is To Be Done? (1902) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1901/witbd/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-eCCtzsiXY

Revolutionary Adventurism (1902) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1902/sep/01.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovPbNQ9JqjA

Socialism and Religion (1905) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1905/dec/03.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKMlcPb1ttw

Three Source and Three Component Parts of Marxism (1913) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1913/mar/x01.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOAII71GaFY

The ABC of Communism (1920) by Nikolai Buhkarin & Evgenii Preobrazhensky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/works/1920/abc/index.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVVnjwBQHH0

Tier 2
Two Tactics of Social Democracy in the Democratic Revolution (1905) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1905/tactics/index.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQsWA4HCGuY

The Right of Nations to Self-Determination (1914) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1914/self-det/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0bbODqyoeM0

Imperialism and World Economy (1915) by Nikolai Bukharin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/works/1917/imperial/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13Uj5GE1h1U

The Proletarian Revolution and Renegade Kautsky (1918) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1918/prrk/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_IWmgY8k2A

โ€œLeft-Wingโ€ Communism: an Infantile Disorder (1920) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1920/lwc/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wh84f8czc7g

Tier 3
Materialism and Empirio-Criticism (1909) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1908/mec/

Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism (1917) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1916/imp-hsc/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFtUKPPYmqk

The State and Revolution (1917) by Vladimir Lenin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1917/staterev/
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrfLQsyUYig

Historical Materialism: A System of Sociology (1921) by Nikolai Bukharin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/works/1921/histmat/index.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sr7o64hezwc


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Syndicalism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Tendency that aims to replace capitalism and the state by organizing workers into trade-union syndicates using direct action, such as general strikes, in order to take control of production and self-manage the economy.

Tier 1
Anarchism and the Workers' Unions (1895) by Fernand Pelloutier
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://libcom.org/article/anarchism-and-workers-unions-fernand-pelloutier

Sabotage (1898) by ร‰mile Pouget
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/pouget/1898/sabotage.htm

The General Strike (1911) by Bill Haywood
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://archive.iww.org/history/library/Haywood/GeneralStrike/

The Conscious Withdrawal of the Workers' Industrial Efficiency (1917) by Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/subject/women/authors/flynn/1917/sabotage.htm

Tier 2
Anarcho-Syndicalism: Theory and Practice (1938) by Rudolf Rocker
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/rudolf-rocker-anarchosyndicalism

One Big Union (2000) by the Industrial Workers of the World
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/industrial-workers-of-the-world-one-big-union

Tier 3
Industrial Socialism (1911) by Bill Haywood
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://archive.iww.org/history/library/Haywood/IndSocialism/

The Autobiography of Mother Jones (1925) by Mother Jones
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/65079/pg65079-images.html

Anarchists in the Spanish Revolution (1990) by Josรฉ Peirats
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://files.libcom.org/files/Peirats%20J.%20Anarchists%20in%20the%20Spanish%20Revolution.pdf


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Marxism-Leninism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Institutionalized doctrine that fuses Marxโ€™s theory with Leninโ€™s praxis as codified official party ideology, applying the idea of historical materialism to a practical program of revolutionary vanguardism and a state-led transition to socialism.

Tier 1
Dialectical and Historical Materialism (1938) by Joseph Stalin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1938/09.htm

The Path Which Led Me To Leninism (1960) by Ho Chi Minh
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/ho-chi-minh/works/1960/04/x01.htm

The Khruschevites (1976) by Enver Hoxha
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/1976/khruschevites/index.htm

Tier 2
Marxism and the National Question (1913) by Joseph Stalin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1913/03a.htm

Workers Manage Factories in Yugoslavia (1950) by Josip Broz Tito
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/tito/1950/06/26.htm

Marxism and Problems of Linguistics (1950) by Joseph Stalin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1950/jun/20.htm

History Will Absolve Me (1953) by Fidel Castro
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/history/cuba/archive/castro/1953/10/16.htm

Guerilla Warfare (1961) by Che Guevara
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.cheguevara.org/Guerrilla-Warfare.pdf

Eurocommunism is Anti-Communism (1980) by Enver Hoxha
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/euroco/env2-1.htm

Tier 3
Foundations of Leninism (1924) by Joseph Stalin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1924/foundations-leninism/

The People's Front (1938) by Earl Browder
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/browder/peoples-front/index.htm

Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR (1951) by Joseph Stalin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1951/economic-problems/index.htm

Imperialism and the Revolution (1979) by Enver Hoxha
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/imp_rev/toc.htm

Revolution in Laos: Practice and Prospects (1981) by Kaysone Phomvihane
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://en.prolewiki.org/wiki/Library:Revolution_in_Laos

Women's Liberation and the African Freedom Struggle (1990) by Thomas Sankara
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://files.libcom.org/files/thomas-sankara-womens-liberation-and-the-african-freedom-struggle.pdf


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Illegalism and Insurrectionary Anarchism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Both support propaganda of the deed as a method of revolutionary struggle, with Illegalism having roots in Individualist Anarchism while Insurrectionary Anarchism shares overlap with Anarcho-Communism.

Tier 1
A Letter from Mazas Prison (1886) by Clรฉment Duval
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/clement-duval-a-letter-from-cleement-duval

Why I Was a Burglar (1905) by Marius Jacob
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/marius-jacob-why-i-was-a-burglar

Byzantinism and Limpness (1909) by Michel Antoine
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/michel-antoine-byzantinism-and-limpness

Is the Illegalist Anarchist Our Comrade? (1911) by ร‰mile Armand
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/emile-armand-is-the-illegalist-anarchist-our-comrade

Two Lectures on the Bonnot Affair (1912) by Victor Serge
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/victor-serge-two-lectures-on-the-bonnot-affair

Tier 2
The Anarchism of ร‰mile Armand (1907) by ร‰mile Armand
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/emile-armand-the-anarchism-of-emile-armand

Toward the Creative Nothing (1924) by Renzo Novatore
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/renzo-novatore-toward-the-creative-nothing

The Principal of Organization to the Light of Anarchism (1927) by Luigi Galleani
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/luigi-galleani-the-principal-of-organization-to-the-light-of-anarchism

Armed Joy (1977) by Alfredo Bonnano
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/alfredo-m-bonanno-armed-joy

Tier 3
The Ego and Its Own (1844) by Max Stirner
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stirner/ego-and-its-own.htm
๐ŸŽง ยท https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBOex4R61Oo

Against War, Against Peace, For The Social Revolution (1914) by Luigi Galleani
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/luigi-galleani-against-war-against-peace-for-the-social-revolution

The End of Anarchism? (1925) by Luigi Galleani
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/luigi-galleani-the-end-of-anarchism

Anarchists Never Surrender (1938) by Victor Serge
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/victor-serge-anarchists-never-surrender

The Bonnot Gang (1987) by Richard Parry
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/richard-parry-the-bonnot-gang-the-story-of-the-french-illegalists

The Coming Insurrection (2007) by The Invisible Committee
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/comite-invisible-the-coming-insurrection

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Trotskyism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Based on Leon Trotsky's work, stresses permanent revolution, proletarian internationalism, and an opposition to bureaucratic degeneration.

Tier 1
The Lessons of October (1924) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1924/lessons/index.htm

The Transitional Program (1938) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1938/tp/

Their Morals and Ours (1938) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1938/morals/morals.htm

Fascism: What It Is and How to Fight It (1944) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/works/1944/1944-fas.htm

Tier 2
Terrorism and Communism (1920) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1920/terrcomm/index.htm

The Permanent Revolution and Results and Prospects (1930) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1931/tpr/index.htm

Tier 3
The Third International After Lenin (1928) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1928/3rd/index.htm

History of the Russian Revolution (1930) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1930/hrr/

The Revolution Betrayed (1936) by Leon Trotsky
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1936/revbet/

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Anarcho-Pacificism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

https://blogs.law.columbia.edu/uprising1313/files/2017/10/Civil-Disobedience-by-Henry-David-Thoreau.pdf


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Maoism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Developed by Mao Zedong, argues for peasant-led revolution, protracted peopleโ€™s war, mass mobilization, and adapting Marxist strategy to agrarian societies.

Tier 1
Analysis of The Classes In Chinese Society (1926) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_1.htm

Oppose Book Worship (1930) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-6/mswv6_11.htm

Be Concerned With the Well-Being of the Masses, Pay Attention to Methods of Work (1934) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_10.htm

Combat Liberalism (1937) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_03.htm

Serve The People (1944) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-3/mswv3_19.htm

Bombard The Headquarters (1966) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-9/mswv9_63.htm

Tier 2
On Contradiction (1937) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_17.htm

On Practice' (1937) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_16.htm

On Protracted War (1938) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_09.htm

On New Democracy (1940) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_26.htm

Tier 3
Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement In Hunan (1927) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_2.htm

On Guerrilla Warfare (1937) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/1937/guerrilla-warfare/

The Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party (1939) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_23.htm

On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People (1957) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-5/mswv5_58.htm

Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung (1964) by Mao Zedong
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/red-book/index.htm


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Marxism-Leninism-Maoism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Treats Maoism as a higher stage of Marxismโ€“Leninism, emphasizing peasant-led, protracted peopleโ€™s war, the mass line, and continuing revolution to prevent bureaucratic degeneration.

Tier 1
On Gonzalo Thought (1988) by the Communist Party of Peru
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://michaelharrison.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/On-Gonzalo-Thought-1st-Congress.pdf

Marxism-Leninism-Maoism or Revisionism? (1990) by Prachanda
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.bannedthought.net/Nepal/Problems-Prospects/p_mlmor_revisionism.html

Tier 2
General Political Line (1988) by the Communist Party of Peru
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://bannedthought.net/Peru/CPP/Documents/GeneralPoliticalLineOfTheCommunistPartyOfPeru-1988-OCR.pdf

The Great Leap Forward: An Inevitable Need of History (2001) by the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.bannedthought.net/Nepal/Worker/Worker-07/GreatLeapForward-Prachanda-010200.htm

Hold High the Bright Red Banner of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism (2004) by the Communist Party of India (Maoist)
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.bannedthought.net/India/CPI-Maoist-Docs/Founding/MLM-pamphlet.pdf

Tier 3
On the Bourgeois-Democratic State (1961) by Abimael Guzmรกn
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://bannedthought.net/Peru/Gonzalo/Guzman-OnTheBourgeois-DemocraticState-1961-Thesis-OCR-sm.pdf

Philippine Society and Revolution (1970) by Amado Guerrero
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/history/philippines/cpp/guerrero/1970/psr.htm

Problems & Prospects of Revolution in Nepal (2004) by Prachanda and the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://bannedthought.net/Nepal/Problems-Prospects/index.htm


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Socialism with Chinese Characteristics
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Adapts and institutionalizes Marxismโ€“Leninism to Chinese conditions by marrying one-party rule and state control of strategic sectors with market-oriented reforms to drive modernization.

Tier 1
Emancipate the Mind, Seek Truth From Facts and Unite As One In Looking to the Future (1978) by Deng Xiaoping
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1978/110.htm

Uphold the Four Cardinal Principles (1979) by Deng Xiaoping
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1979/115.htm

We Can Develop A Market Economy Under Socialism (1979) by Deng Xiaoping
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1979/152.htm

To Build Socialism We Must First Develop the Productive Forces (1980) by Deng Xiaoping
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1980/101.htm

Tier 2
On the Reform of the System of Party and State Leadership (1980) by Deng Xiaoping
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1980/220.htm

Tier 3
Build Socialism With Chinese Characteristics (1984) by Deng Xiaoping
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.bannedthought.net/China/Individuals/DengXiaoping/DengXiaoping-BuildSocialismWithChineseCharacteristics.pdf

On the โ€œThree Representsโ€ (2000) by Jiang Zemin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://archive.org/details/JiangZeminThreeRepresents

Report to the 17th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (2007) by Hu Jintao
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-10/24/content_6204564.htm

The Governance of China (2014) by Xi Jinping
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.bannedthought.net/China/Individuals/XiJinping/XiJinping-TheGovernanceOfChina.pdf


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Maoism-Third Worldism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Blends Maoist strategy with Third-Worldist analysis, arguing the revolutionary proletariat is concentrated in oppressed (Global South) countries while much First-World labor is seen as privileged or comprador.

Tier 1
Long Live the Victory of Peopleโ€™s War! (1965) by Lin Bao
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/lin-biao/1965/09/peoples_war/index.htm

Message to the Tricontinental (1967) by Che Guevara
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/guevara/1967/04/16.htm

Tier 2
White-Settler Colonialism and the Myth of Investment Imperialism (1972) by Arghiri Emmanuel
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://pdfhost.io/v/QUJ7qnsaq_WhiteSettler_Colonialism_and_the_Myth_of_Investment_Imperialism

Unequal Development (1973) by Samir Amin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.prisoncensorship.info/archive/books/Economics/UnequalDevelopment_SamirAmin.pdf

Foreign Trade and the Law of Value (1979) by Anwar Shaikh
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://sci-hub.ru/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40402184
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://sci-hub.ru/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40402218

Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat (1983) by J. Sakai
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://readsettlers.org/text-index.html

Eurocentrism (1989) by Samir Amin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://contrapoder.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/08.-AMIN.pdf

The Wealth of (Some) Nations (2019) by Zak Cope
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://leftypol.org/edu/src/1655353202103-0.pdf

Tier 3
Accumulation on a World Scale (1971) by Samir Amin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://annas-archive.org/md5/89ae1cfad31b7ba8d06acbdba571f721

Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade (1972) by Arghiri Emmanuel
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.prisoncensorship.info/archive/books/Economics/UnequalExchange_ArghiriEmmanuel.pdf

Delinking: Towards a Polycentric World (1986) by Samir Amin
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://libgen.gl/edition.php?id=138497885

Divided World, Divided Class (2012) by Zak Cope
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.prisoncensorship.info/archive/books/Economics/DividedWorldDividedClass_ZakCope.pdf


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Juche
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
The official state ideology of North Korea, stressing political independence, economic self-sufficiency, self-defense, and the central role of the leader in guiding the nation.

Tier 1
For the Establishment of a United Party of the Working Masses (1946) by Kim Il Sung
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/1946/08/29.pdf

On the Occasion of the Founding of the Korean Peopleโ€™s Army (1948) by Kim Il Sung
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/1948/02/08.pdf

On Eliminating Dogmatism and Formalism and Establishing Juche in Ideological Work (1955) by Kim Il Sung
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/1955/12/28.htm

Ten Principles for the Establishment of a Monolithic Ideological System (1974) by Kim Il Sung
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www2.law.columbia.edu/course_00S_L9436_001/North%20Korea%20materials/10%20principles%20of%20juche.html

The Juche Idea is an Idea that Has Inherited and Developed the Progressive Ideologies of Mankind (1986) by Kim Jong Il
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/The-Juche-Idea-Is-An-Idea-That-Has-Inherited-And-Developed-The-Progressive-Ideologies-Of-Mankind.pdf

Ours is the Socialism of Juche (1994) by Kim Il Sung
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/1994/04/16.pdf

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea is a Juche-Oriented Socialist State with Invincible Might (2008) by Kim Jong Il
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/The-Democratic-Peoples-Republic-Of-Korea-Is-A-Juche-Oriented-Socialist-State-With-Invincible-Might.pdf

Let Us March Forward Dynamically Towards Final Victory, Holding Higher the Banner of Songun (2012) by Kim Jong Un
๐Ÿ“– ยท http://www.korean-books.com.kp/KBMbooks/en/work/leader3/1201.pdf

Tier 2
On the Juche Idea (1982) by Kim Jong Il
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/On-The-Juche-Idea.pdf

Our Socialism Centred on the Masses Shall Not Perish (1991) by Kim Jong Il
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/Our-Socialism-Centred-On-The-Masses-Shall-Not-Perish.pdf

Tier 3
On Juche in Our Revolution (1975) by Kim Il Sung
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://archive.org/details/KimJucheRevolutionVol1


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Italian Left-Communism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Insisting on strict Marxist orthodoxy, rejecting parliamentarism, reformist trade unions and united fronts, while promoting a revolutionary, party-centered alternative to both social democracy and Marxism-Leninism.

Tier 1
Party and Class (1921) by Amadeo Bordiga
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1921/party-class.htm

Bourgeois Violence and Proletarian Defence (1946) by Onorato Damen
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/damen/1946/bourgeois-violence.htm

Proletarian Dictatorship and Class Party (1951) by Amadeo Bordiga
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1951/class-party.htm

Centralised Party, Yes โ€“ Centralism over the Party, No! (1951) by Onorato Damen
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/damen/1951/centralised.htm

Tier 2
Party and Class Action (1921) by Amadeo Bordiga
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1921/classact.htm

The Democratic Principle (1922) by Amadeo Bordiga
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1922/democratic-principle.htm

The Lyons Theses (1926) by Amadeo Bordiga
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1926/lyons-theses.htm

The Communist Left in the Third International (1926) by Amadeo Bordiga
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1926/comintern.htm

Dialogue with Stalin (1952) by Amadeo Bordiga
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1952/stalin.htm

We Defend the Italian Left (1966) by Onorato Damen
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/damen/1966/defend.htm

Tier 3
The Fundamentals for a Marxist Orientation (1946) by Amadeo Bordiga
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1946/orientation.htm

Bordiga โ€” Beyond the Myth and the Rhetoric (1970) by Onorato Damen
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.leftcom.org/files/2018-10-02-damen-bordiga.pdf


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Council Communism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Favors workersโ€™ councils as the basis of proletarian power and organization as opposed to vanguard party centralism, arguing for direct, self-managed, council-based socialism.

Tier 1
World Revolution and Communist Tactics (1920) by Anton Pannekoek
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1920/communist-tactics.htm

The Revolution Is Not A Party Affair (1920) by Otto Rรผhle
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/ruhle/1920/ruhle02.htm

The Lenin Legend (1935) by Paul Mattick
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/mattick-paul/1935/lenin-legend.htm

Why Past Revolutionary Movements Have Failed (1940) by Anton Pannekoek
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1940/revo.htm

The Party and Class (1941) by Anton Pannekoek
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1941/party-class.htm

The Failure of the Working Class (1946) by Anton Pannekoek
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1946/failure-working-class.htm

Tier 2
Imperialism, the World War and Social Democracy (1914) by Herman Gorter
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/gorter/1914/imperialism.htm

The World Revolution (1918) by Herman Gorter
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/gorter/1918/world-revolution.htm

Report from Moscow (1920) by Otto Rรผhle
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/ruhle/1920/ruhle01.htm

Lenin As Philosopher (1938) by Anton Pannekoek
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1938/lenin/index.htm

The Struggle Against Fascism Begins with the Struggle Against Bolshevism (1939) by Otto Rรผhle
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/ruhle/1939/ruhle01.htm

Spontaneity and Organisation (1949) by Paul Mattick
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/mattick-paul/1949/spontaneity.htm

Tier 3
An Open Letter to Comrade Lenin (1920) by Herman Gorter
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/gorter/1920/open-letter.htm

Workers' Councils (1942) by Anton Pannekoek
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1947/workers-councils.htm

Marx and Keynes: The Limits of the Mixed Economy (1969) by Paul Mattick
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://www.marxists.org/archive/mattick-paul/1969/marx-keynes/index.htm

Anti-Bolshevik Communism (1978) by Paul Mattick
๐Ÿ“– ยท https://files.libcom.org/files/paul-mattick-anti-bolshevik-communism-2007_0.pdf


โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Frankfurt School
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“








โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Neo-Marxism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
Post-Marxism
โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€“
R: 4 / I: 0

Songs for clearing your head

just post your favourite Yabujincore (or jumpstyle songs that are not yet spoilt by Dark Triad cucks) when you visit this thread. And maybe discuss the death of pop music
R: 588 / I: 122

/USApol/ ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ

๐Ÿ—ฝUNITED STATES POLITICS ๐Ÿฆ…

<Happy "Malcolm X was right" day


>"I'll take a Double Triple No-Bossy Deluxe on a Hammer, 19x17 Mao style, extra sickles with a wheat laurel and a fist, light tank tread grease; make it sing the internationale, raise it high, and let it wave."


๐Ÿ› ๏ธ Strike Tracker โš’๏ธ
https://striketracker.ilr.cornell.edu/

๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ Deeds of the Burger Reich ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
https://github.com/dessalines/essays/blob/main/us_atrocities.md
https://williamblum.org/essays/read/overthrowing-other-peoples-governments-the-master-list

๐Ÿ“บ Glowie News ๐Ÿ“บ
(sponsored by the Burger Eagle Freedom Institute (formerly USAID))
โ€ข CNN: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/cnn-news-usa.html
โ€ข MSNBC: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/msnbc.html
โ€ข FOX: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/fox-news-channel.html
โ€ข Bloomberg: https://www.bloomberg.com/live/us

๐Ÿš๏ธ Local News ๐Ÿš๏ธ
https://www.50states.com/ce/

โœŠLive Protest StreamsโœŠ
https://woke.net/

๐Ÿ๏ธ Epstein's Client List๐Ÿ๏ธ
https://epsteinsblackbook.com/
https://www.justice.gov/epstein/doj-disclosures

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฑ Track Zionazis (warning: ShareBlue)๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฑ
https://www.trackaipac.com/

๐Ÿ“–Read, Burgga, Read! ๐Ÿ“–
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXUFLW8t2sntNn5jQO8vF7ai9x0fna3PV

Weeks as Decades Reading List
https://erikhoudini.com/weeksasdecadesreadinglist

Previous thread: >>2650150

Remember, legal + illegal struggle
Remember, praxis + theory
Remember, it's not impossible
R: 602 / I: 170 (full)

/sg/ - Syrian Civil War General #25 - Requiem for Rojava

SO LONG, SPACE COWBOYS

Recent news:
Keep in mind the previous thread lasted months, so these events are separated by weeks.

Suwayda conflict basically freezes.
Minor clashes between SDF & STG.
STG attempts to capture Omar Omson, the leader of a French foreign Islamist faction accused of kidnapping women, at his base in Idlib countryside. They fail and come to a truce.
More clashes between SDF & STG.
Small anti-Alawite pogrom in Homs caused by the murder of two Sunnis there, despite STG investigation revealing that there was no sectarian motive to the murder.
Protests by Alawites in the coastal region in response to the pogrom. Multiple deaths among protestors, counter-protestors and STG security forces.
Multiple deaths among US soldiers during a joint STG-US patrol in Palmyra. The attacker infiltrated and was a part of the STG's MoI and was with the patrol.
The STG-SDF conflict escalates. SDF agrees to withdraw from Deir Hafer in exchange for a ceasefire, but the STG & tribal auxiliaries keep advancing despite the ceasefire. Revolts by Arab tribes inside of the SDF and them losing a lot of territory makes them sign an integration agreement that basically amounts to capitulation.

Links:
t.me/Medmannews - Well known channel (Egyptian owner). Posts frequently about MENA
t.me/Middle_East_Spectator - Iranian owner
t.me/Suriyak_maps - Posts maps/latest news. Less prone to hype/hysteria but slower.
https://nitter.poast.org/SAMSyria0 - Local Syrian army soldier. Used to post in Arabic. (Account deleted. RIP)
https://nitter.poast.org/bosni94
https://nitter.poast.org/Sy_intelligence
https://nitter.poast.org/sayed_ridha
https://nitter.poast.org/QalaatAlMudiq
https://nitter.poast.org/Gargaristan
https://syria.liveuamap.com
R: 9 / I: 7

/U do U/

>>4038
The last thread dedicated to posting any drawing you wanted is from 2023, and the images have been purged.

All other threads have their own themes, and it would be a disservice to "pollute" them.

So, post your drawings, there's no fixed theme, no context is necessary, post whatever you feel like, whether you're looking for criticism and tips on how to improve; or just to show off, you do you;
R: 12 / I: 2
Do you think that Stalin did nothing wrong?
R: 3 / I: 0
I genuinely fucking hate the country I live in. I want to leave so fucking badly. Im starting to feel like we will never get communism, or socialism. Hell fucking capitalists are ruining the last things I loved in life and I feel like this hell will never end. its getting so hard to not doomer