R: 13 / I: 4
Gay hot or not?
Post pics of men and other posters will tell you if they are hot or not. I will start by posting a picture of Tyler Robinson, the guy who shot Charlie Kirk.
R: 500 / I: 182
Previous: >>2575920
Evidence of the influence and origin of neo-Nazi groups in Ukraine
https://archive.ph/44B9Q
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323637
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323658
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323663
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323688
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323729
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323733
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323731
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323735
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323740
https://azovlobby.substack.com/
https://banderalobby.substack.com/
—————————————————–
ALWAYS APPROACH SOURCES CRITICALLY
Live maps and updates
DeepStateMap: https://deepstatemap.live
Events in Ukraine: https://eventsinukraine.substack.com/
SouthFront: https://southfront.press/category/all-articles/world/europe/ukraine/
Watch Together
📺 News/events: https://tv.leftypol.org/r/HappeningsviaKlash
📺 Hangout/chill: https://tv.leftypol.org/r/bloodcast
Watch By Yourself
>Video Essays / Historical Background
📺 • Ukraine: The Avoidable War - Boy Boy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LL4eNy4FCs8
📺 • Ukraine's Nazi Problem - The Marxist Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4yZvWAwU5W4
📺 • America, Russia, and Ukraine's Far Right - Gravel Institute
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0pyVJG7_6Q
📺 • The Nature of Putin's Russia and Its Causes (3-Part Series) - 1Dime
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8d6Vzi7zYg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zODWTfMwFGw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Zuygh9Mzuo
<Current Happenings
📺 • The Grayzone: https://www.youtube.com/@thegrayzone7996
📺 • DDGeopolitics: https://www.youtube.com/@DDGeopolitics
📺 • Defense Politics Asia: https://www.youtube.com/@DefensePoliticsAsia
📺 • The Duran: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdeMVChrumySxV9N1w0Au-w
📺 • The News Atlas: https://www.youtube.com/c/thenewatlas
📺 • Military Summary: https://www.youtube.com/@militarysummary
—————————————————–
Social media
>Twitter
https://twitter.com/GeromanAT
https://twitter.com/plnewstoday
https://twitter.com/RALee85
https://twitter.com/MarQs__
https://twitter.com/KofmanMichael
https://twitter.com/IntelCrab
https://twitter.com/michaelh992
https://twitter.com/Suriyakmaps
<Telegram
https://t.me/milinfolive
https://t.me/hueviykharkov
https://t.me/conflictzone
https://t.me/vorposte
https://t.me/intelslava
https://t.me/grey_zone
https://t.me/AussieCossack
https://t.me/asbmil
https://t.me/Slavyangrad
🇷🇺🇺🇦
Thread guidelines:
• Please remember to add a spoiler to NSFW and extreme content such as graphic violence and gore.
• Try your best to not derail discussion too much from the main events and relevant places where the war is taken place, as well as other happenings, groups and public figures related to it.
• Meta discussion of the historical, philosophical and ideological background of the war is fine as long as its done in good faith and comradely.
• In the event the meta discussion overstays its welcome, participating users will be referred to take the conversation to the INTERNATIONALISM general thread.
• Quality shitposting and original content is encouraged! Spamming glowie memes is low effort.
• this is /ISG/ for people who treats geopolitics like shitty map games
• behead NATO, crush NATO, etc.
/ukr/ - Russia-Ukraine War General #272
How can one see piss when toilets are so golden? edition.Previous: >>2575920
Evidence of the influence and origin of neo-Nazi groups in Ukraine
https://archive.ph/44B9Q
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323637
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323658
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323663
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323688
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323729
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323733
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323731
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323735
https://archive.ph/x1sRT#1323740
https://azovlobby.substack.com/
https://banderalobby.substack.com/
—————————————————–
ALWAYS APPROACH SOURCES CRITICALLY
Live maps and updates
DeepStateMap: https://deepstatemap.live
Events in Ukraine: https://eventsinukraine.substack.com/
SouthFront: https://southfront.press/category/all-articles/world/europe/ukraine/
Watch Together
📺 News/events: https://tv.leftypol.org/r/HappeningsviaKlash
📺 Hangout/chill: https://tv.leftypol.org/r/bloodcast
Watch By Yourself
>Video Essays / Historical Background
📺 • Ukraine: The Avoidable War - Boy Boy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LL4eNy4FCs8
📺 • Ukraine's Nazi Problem - The Marxist Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4yZvWAwU5W4
📺 • America, Russia, and Ukraine's Far Right - Gravel Institute
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0pyVJG7_6Q
📺 • The Nature of Putin's Russia and Its Causes (3-Part Series) - 1Dime
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8d6Vzi7zYg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zODWTfMwFGw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Zuygh9Mzuo
<Current Happenings
📺 • The Grayzone: https://www.youtube.com/@thegrayzone7996
📺 • DDGeopolitics: https://www.youtube.com/@DDGeopolitics
📺 • Defense Politics Asia: https://www.youtube.com/@DefensePoliticsAsia
📺 • The Duran: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdeMVChrumySxV9N1w0Au-w
📺 • The News Atlas: https://www.youtube.com/c/thenewatlas
📺 • Military Summary: https://www.youtube.com/@militarysummary
—————————————————–
Social media
https://twitter.com/GeromanAT
https://twitter.com/plnewstoday
https://twitter.com/RALee85
https://twitter.com/MarQs__
https://twitter.com/KofmanMichael
https://twitter.com/IntelCrab
https://twitter.com/michaelh992
https://twitter.com/Suriyakmaps
<Telegram
https://t.me/milinfolive
https://t.me/hueviykharkov
https://t.me/conflictzone
https://t.me/vorposte
https://t.me/intelslava
https://t.me/grey_zone
https://t.me/AussieCossack
https://t.me/asbmil
https://t.me/Slavyangrad
🇷🇺🇺🇦
Thread guidelines:
• Please remember to add a spoiler to NSFW and extreme content such as graphic violence and gore.
• Try your best to not derail discussion too much from the main events and relevant places where the war is taken place, as well as other happenings, groups and public figures related to it.
• Meta discussion of the historical, philosophical and ideological background of the war is fine as long as its done in good faith and comradely.
• In the event the meta discussion overstays its welcome, participating users will be referred to take the conversation to the INTERNATIONALISM general thread.
• Quality shitposting and original content is encouraged! Spamming glowie memes is low effort.
• this is /ISG/ for people who treats geopolitics like shitty map games
• behead NATO, crush NATO, etc.
R: 0 / I: 0
Why is china a communist country claiming non-chinese territory as its own because it was once conquered by their imperialist predecessor?
Why is china a communist country claiming non-chinese territory as its own because it was once conquered by their imperialist predecessor?
R: 359 / I: 111
<Nation of Cults Edition
>May Lenin awaken the workers and help them to see the necessity of revolutionary civil war in the United States.
🛠️ Strike Tracker ⚒️
https://striketracker.ilr.cornell.edu/
🇺🇸 Deeds of the Burger Reich 🇺🇸
https://github.com/dessalines/essays/blob/main/us_atrocities.md
https://williamblum.org/essays/read/overthrowing-other-peoples-governments-the-master-list
📺 Glowie News 📺
(sponsored by the Burger Eagle Freedom Institute (formerly USAID))
• CNN: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/cnn-news-usa.html
• MSNBC: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/msnbc.html
• FOX: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/fox-news-channel.html
• Bloomberg: https://www.bloomberg.com/live/us
🏚️ Local News 🏚️
https://www.50states.com/ce/
✊Live Protest Streams✊
https://woke.net/
🏝️ Epstein's Client List🏝️
https://epsteinsblackbook.com/
🇮🇱 Track Zionazis (warning: ShareBlue)🇮🇱
https://www.trackaipac.com/
📖Read, Burgga, Read! 📖
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXUFLW8t2sntNn5jQO8vF7ai9x0fna3PV
Previous thread: >>2582956
Remember to filter mass tor baiters, feds, and trolls
Not reporting is bourgeois
Violators will be launched from trebuchet
/USApol/ 🇺🇸
🗽UNITED STATES POLITICS 🦅<Nation of Cults Edition
>May Lenin awaken the workers and help them to see the necessity of revolutionary civil war in the United States.
🛠️ Strike Tracker ⚒️
https://striketracker.ilr.cornell.edu/
🇺🇸 Deeds of the Burger Reich 🇺🇸
https://github.com/dessalines/essays/blob/main/us_atrocities.md
https://williamblum.org/essays/read/overthrowing-other-peoples-governments-the-master-list
📺 Glowie News 📺
(sponsored by the Burger Eagle Freedom Institute (formerly USAID))
• CNN: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/cnn-news-usa.html
• MSNBC: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/msnbc.html
• FOX: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/fox-news-channel.html
• Bloomberg: https://www.bloomberg.com/live/us
🏚️ Local News 🏚️
https://www.50states.com/ce/
✊Live Protest Streams✊
https://woke.net/
🏝️ Epstein's Client List🏝️
https://epsteinsblackbook.com/
🇮🇱 Track Zionazis (warning: ShareBlue)🇮🇱
https://www.trackaipac.com/
📖Read, Burgga, Read! 📖
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXUFLW8t2sntNn5jQO8vF7ai9x0fna3PV
Previous thread: >>2582956
Remember to filter mass tor baiters, feds, and trolls
Not reporting is bourgeois
Violators will be launched from trebuchet
R: 6 / I: 2
>You know we are sooprerior race or something like that? We built our civilisation, we built your civilisation! You must praying to us, you know?
>You know that serbs are not white, they are the turk-slavic mutts, but Tesla is white… just because it is, ok?
>We wuz Egyptians, but the shitskins are le bad, and only pure nordic people are ubermenches or however
>What did I personally do? Well, I shit on 4chan and 2ch about white soopremacism, and call everyone uyghurs, shitskins and churkas
>Yes, I am still smarter than you. It’s genetic, you lost or something like that
>You know we are sooprerior race or something like that? We built our civilisation, we built your civilisation! You must praying to us, you know?
>You know that serbs are not white, they are the turk-slavic mutts, but Tesla is white… just because it is, ok?
>We wuz Egyptians, but the shitskins are le bad, and only pure nordic people are ubermenches or however
>What did I personally do? Well, I shit on 4chan and 2ch about white soopremacism, and call everyone uyghurs, shitskins and churkas
>Yes, I am still smarter than you. It’s genetic, you lost or something like that
R: 40 / I: 3
I recently read through two of Caleb Maupin’s books (The American Years of Lead and the one on Trotsky and the Neocons). Maupin asserts that intellectual elites (PMC) are heavily into salon culture and edgy things that have aristocratic connotations. For instance, intellectual elites (PMC) are the ones who hold an overly-romantic view of revolution and romanticize terrorism and political violence. They’re the ones that conjure up images of a big apocalyptic revolution similar to the Christian rapture whereby every little aspect of the existing society is destroyed. He also heavily emphasized that the PMC hates the genuine working/class, because they see them as a threat to their power, so they deliberately manipulate working-class movements in order to offset and eventually dissolve them. Plus, they love sexual promiscuity and use “leftism” in order to promote it.
Last night, I watched a video on Sublation Media between Doug Alain and Chris Cutrone. Cutrone made the point that the PMC romanticize terrorism, mass destruction involving killing and raping, and the “noble death” because the PMC are “gangsters.” Not gangsters the way the ultra-rich capitalists are, but gangsters nonetheless.
My understanding is, intellectual elites love these things like violence and terror for the exact same reason they love modern “art” like Jackson Pollock and jazz and rap “music”: it’s all deeply irrational. They reject historical progress, favour the lumpen and those on the margins of society over the genuine proletariat, and promote destruction because they hate rationality. All of the things they promote as “leftism” are actually deeply aristocratic values: it’s the aristocracy that loves violence, sexual indulgence and a rejection of logic and linear time. I see it like this: intellectual elites, being Nietzscheans at heart, hate rationality and linear progress because they see those things as boxes that limit their ability to indulge, but also the fact that they already have their privileged positions and don’t need a proletarian revolution to have their basic needs met. In fact, a proletarian revolution would mean they lose their privileges and end up working in the fields. That’s also why they favour the lumpen: a “leftist” revolution lead by the lumpen would pose zero threat to them. After all, the marginalized find allies in college professors promoting queer studies and doctors handing out narcan, do they not?
Am I right or is there more to it?
Psychology of the PMC
I’m honestly curious to know what exactly makes the PMC (university professors, doctors, lawyers, engineers, scientists, artists, those types of people) adhere to the belief system they do. Namely, the psychology behind what’s often termed as “petit-bourgeois radicalism.”I recently read through two of Caleb Maupin’s books (The American Years of Lead and the one on Trotsky and the Neocons). Maupin asserts that intellectual elites (PMC) are heavily into salon culture and edgy things that have aristocratic connotations. For instance, intellectual elites (PMC) are the ones who hold an overly-romantic view of revolution and romanticize terrorism and political violence. They’re the ones that conjure up images of a big apocalyptic revolution similar to the Christian rapture whereby every little aspect of the existing society is destroyed. He also heavily emphasized that the PMC hates the genuine working/class, because they see them as a threat to their power, so they deliberately manipulate working-class movements in order to offset and eventually dissolve them. Plus, they love sexual promiscuity and use “leftism” in order to promote it.
Last night, I watched a video on Sublation Media between Doug Alain and Chris Cutrone. Cutrone made the point that the PMC romanticize terrorism, mass destruction involving killing and raping, and the “noble death” because the PMC are “gangsters.” Not gangsters the way the ultra-rich capitalists are, but gangsters nonetheless.
My understanding is, intellectual elites love these things like violence and terror for the exact same reason they love modern “art” like Jackson Pollock and jazz and rap “music”: it’s all deeply irrational. They reject historical progress, favour the lumpen and those on the margins of society over the genuine proletariat, and promote destruction because they hate rationality. All of the things they promote as “leftism” are actually deeply aristocratic values: it’s the aristocracy that loves violence, sexual indulgence and a rejection of logic and linear time. I see it like this: intellectual elites, being Nietzscheans at heart, hate rationality and linear progress because they see those things as boxes that limit their ability to indulge, but also the fact that they already have their privileged positions and don’t need a proletarian revolution to have their basic needs met. In fact, a proletarian revolution would mean they lose their privileges and end up working in the fields. That’s also why they favour the lumpen: a “leftist” revolution lead by the lumpen would pose zero threat to them. After all, the marginalized find allies in college professors promoting queer studies and doctors handing out narcan, do they not?
Am I right or is there more to it?
R: 1 / I: 0
is AI the antichrist
are credit cards the anti christ
is shampoo a scam and the antichrist
are prescription drugs the antichrist
are jobs the antichrist
is religion the antichrist
is monogamy the antichrist
is christmas the antichrist
is AI the antichrist
are credit cards the anti christ
is shampoo a scam and the antichrist
are prescription drugs the antichrist
are jobs the antichrist
is religion the antichrist
is monogamy the antichrist
is christmas the antichrist
R: 1 / I: 1
>be stalin'
>purge huge sections of military leadership
<The purge had a significant effect on German decision-making in World War II. Many German generals opposed an invasion of Russia but Hitler disagreed, calling the Red Army less effective after its intellectual leadership was eliminated in the purge.
>nazis freeze
>only a few million deaths and some territory and resource loses
4D chess. trots seethe
>be stalin'
>purge huge sections of military leadership
<The purge had a significant effect on German decision-making in World War II. Many German generals opposed an invasion of Russia but Hitler disagreed, calling the Red Army less effective after its intellectual leadership was eliminated in the purge.
>nazis freeze
>only a few million deaths and some territory and resource loses
4D chess. trots seethe
R: 0 / I: 0
Karl Marx = Santa
This isn’t a coincidence!
R: 572 / I: 130
>Pet The Donkey Edition
Original threads:
https://archive.ph/S2XYA
https://archive.ph/Ytckv
leftypol.org archives:
https://archive.is/https://leftypol.org/leftypol/res/30501.html
bunekrchan.xyz archives:
https://archive.is/https://bunkerchan.xyz/leftypol/res/8925.html
https://archive.is/yrBUN
https://archive.is/pCecr
previous thread: >>2548078
/prc/ 18
/PRC/ People's Republic of China 18>Pet The Donkey Edition
Original threads:
https://archive.ph/S2XYA
https://archive.ph/Ytckv
leftypol.org archives:
https://archive.is/https://leftypol.org/leftypol/res/30501.html
bunekrchan.xyz archives:
https://archive.is/https://bunkerchan.xyz/leftypol/res/8925.html
https://archive.is/yrBUN
https://archive.is/pCecr
previous thread: >>2548078
R: 38 / I: 5
>Argue about dvd commentaries, Post your thesis on King of the Hill, Reminisce about a tv show you used to watch but don't quite remember it's title. Just about anything related to shows. Post your highscore on those Ben 10 CN flash games. Anything goes.
OLD THREAD
>>3012
/tv/ thread #2
🎭📽🎬📼📺>Argue about dvd commentaries, Post your thesis on King of the Hill, Reminisce about a tv show you used to watch but don't quite remember it's title. Just about anything related to shows. Post your highscore on those Ben 10 CN flash games. Anything goes.
OLD THREAD
>>3012
R: 0 / I: 0
The change will include the obligatory screening of all 18-year-old men to gauge their suitability to serve in the military from 1 January, but does not include conscription, as favoured by some conservative politicians. If the model fails to pull in enough recruits, parliament will be compelled to discuss the reintroduction of conscription, the defence minister, Boris Pistorius, told the Bundestag.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/dec/05/german-mps-rubberstamp-military-service-plan-amid-school-pupil-protests
Greek police fire tear gas at protesting farmers threatening to blockade airport
Irate farmers have deployed thousands of tractors and other agricultural vehicles at border crossings and key points along highways across the country, periodically stopping traffic and threatening to completely blockade the roads, as well as airports and ports.
https://apnews.com/article/greece-farmers-protest-subsidies-72b207e4c3e3f2354cd94b4ccb832eb2
Amnesty International condemns ‘farcical trial’ against 24 humanitarian workers and demands all charges dropped
The trial against Irish citizen Sean Binder, Syrian refugee Sara Mardini, Greek citizen Nassos Karakitsos and others began on Thursday on the island of Lesbos. Mr Binder, Ms Mardini and Mr Karakitsos were members of Emergency Response Centre International, a search-and-rescue group operating on Lesbos between 2016 and 2018, and were arrested in February 2018.
https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/amnesty-international-condemns-farcical-trial-against-24-humanitarian-workers-and-demands
UAE-backed forces raise South Yemen flag as they push east
In recent days, the STC launched a military offensive dubbed “The Promising Future” in Hadhramaut, seizing control of Seiyun, one of the largest cities in the region. The Hadrami Elite Forces, the STC-aligned forces leading the campaign, took over Seiyun’s presidential palace and its international airport on Wednesday. Since then, it has effectively taken control of all of Hadhramaut.
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/uae-backed-forces-raise-south-yemen-flag-seizes-control-east
16 students arrested in Turkey for protesting deaths of child workers
On Wednesday, teachers staged a protest at the same location, declaring, “We are teachers; we will not allow our children to be killed,” and demanding the closure of MESEMs. Subsequently, four teachers, including the general president of the grassroots union, were detained. While the prosecutor requested judicial control and a ban on leaving the country for the detained teachers, the court rejected this request and the teachers were released.
https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2025/12/05/vewc-d05.html
Four Zionist Soldiers Injured in Gaza Clashes
According to Zionist sources, fighters emerged from a tunnel in Rafah and attacked occupation forces stationed in the area with gunfire and anti-tank projectiles, highlighting the scale and coordination of the assault. Channel 12 referred to the incident as “exceptional”, emphasizing its unusual nature and the level of danger involved.
https://abolitionmedia.noblogs.org/24852/
Crisis and division grip Bolivia’s new right-wing government
During the election campaign, Lara famously declared: “I’m the guarantee—if [President] Rodrigo Paz doesn’t deliver, I’ll confront him.” True to his word, he has turned against the president, denouncing him as a “liar” and “cynic” for bowing to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Lara now accuses Paz of betraying voters by adopting the same austerity policies he attributed to his even more right-wing electoral rival, former Bolivian President Jorge Tuto Quiroga—spending cuts, tax breaks for the wealthy, and hollow relief for the poor.
https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2025/12/05/jpln-d05.html
Poverty in Latin America is declining, but not evenly
A quick footnote in the report reveals a more accurate picture of the region. In reality, across the vast majority of Latin America and the Caribbean, poverty reduction has stagnated, and it’s only the progress of Mexico and Brazil, especially Mexico, that is leading to an overall reduction throughout Latin America.
https://peoplesdispatch.org/2025/12/04/poverty-in-latin-america-is-declining-but-not-evenly/
India weighs greater phone-location surveillance; Apple, Google and Samsung protest
India's home ministry had scheduled a meeting of top smartphone industry executives to discuss the matter on Friday but it was postponed, a source with direct knowledge of the matter said. On Thursday, Reuters sent questions related to this topic to the ministry. India's IT and home ministries, which are both analysing the telecom industry's proposal, did not respond to Reuters queries.
https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/boards-policy-regulation/india-weighs-greater-phone-location-surveillance-apple-google-samsung-protest-2025-12-05/
Workers demand implementation of minimum wage in Pakistan
The protesters shouted slogans against the government claiming it has failed to address the basic concerns of the workers in the country, most of whom are struggling to fulfill their basic needs despite working overtime. Protesters accompanied by a large number of women and children also raised the issue of rising prices of basic commodities such as wheat flour which make it even more difficult for them to live a decent life on such low salaries.
https://peoplesdispatch.org/2025/12/01/workers-demand-implementation-of-minimum-wage-in-pakistan/
News 12/5/25
German MPs rubberstamp military service plan amid school pupil protestsThe change will include the obligatory screening of all 18-year-old men to gauge their suitability to serve in the military from 1 January, but does not include conscription, as favoured by some conservative politicians. If the model fails to pull in enough recruits, parliament will be compelled to discuss the reintroduction of conscription, the defence minister, Boris Pistorius, told the Bundestag.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/dec/05/german-mps-rubberstamp-military-service-plan-amid-school-pupil-protests
Greek police fire tear gas at protesting farmers threatening to blockade airport
Irate farmers have deployed thousands of tractors and other agricultural vehicles at border crossings and key points along highways across the country, periodically stopping traffic and threatening to completely blockade the roads, as well as airports and ports.
https://apnews.com/article/greece-farmers-protest-subsidies-72b207e4c3e3f2354cd94b4ccb832eb2
Amnesty International condemns ‘farcical trial’ against 24 humanitarian workers and demands all charges dropped
The trial against Irish citizen Sean Binder, Syrian refugee Sara Mardini, Greek citizen Nassos Karakitsos and others began on Thursday on the island of Lesbos. Mr Binder, Ms Mardini and Mr Karakitsos were members of Emergency Response Centre International, a search-and-rescue group operating on Lesbos between 2016 and 2018, and were arrested in February 2018.
https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/amnesty-international-condemns-farcical-trial-against-24-humanitarian-workers-and-demands
UAE-backed forces raise South Yemen flag as they push east
In recent days, the STC launched a military offensive dubbed “The Promising Future” in Hadhramaut, seizing control of Seiyun, one of the largest cities in the region. The Hadrami Elite Forces, the STC-aligned forces leading the campaign, took over Seiyun’s presidential palace and its international airport on Wednesday. Since then, it has effectively taken control of all of Hadhramaut.
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/uae-backed-forces-raise-south-yemen-flag-seizes-control-east
16 students arrested in Turkey for protesting deaths of child workers
On Wednesday, teachers staged a protest at the same location, declaring, “We are teachers; we will not allow our children to be killed,” and demanding the closure of MESEMs. Subsequently, four teachers, including the general president of the grassroots union, were detained. While the prosecutor requested judicial control and a ban on leaving the country for the detained teachers, the court rejected this request and the teachers were released.
https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2025/12/05/vewc-d05.html
Four Zionist Soldiers Injured in Gaza Clashes
According to Zionist sources, fighters emerged from a tunnel in Rafah and attacked occupation forces stationed in the area with gunfire and anti-tank projectiles, highlighting the scale and coordination of the assault. Channel 12 referred to the incident as “exceptional”, emphasizing its unusual nature and the level of danger involved.
https://abolitionmedia.noblogs.org/24852/
Crisis and division grip Bolivia’s new right-wing government
During the election campaign, Lara famously declared: “I’m the guarantee—if [President] Rodrigo Paz doesn’t deliver, I’ll confront him.” True to his word, he has turned against the president, denouncing him as a “liar” and “cynic” for bowing to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Lara now accuses Paz of betraying voters by adopting the same austerity policies he attributed to his even more right-wing electoral rival, former Bolivian President Jorge Tuto Quiroga—spending cuts, tax breaks for the wealthy, and hollow relief for the poor.
https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2025/12/05/jpln-d05.html
Poverty in Latin America is declining, but not evenly
A quick footnote in the report reveals a more accurate picture of the region. In reality, across the vast majority of Latin America and the Caribbean, poverty reduction has stagnated, and it’s only the progress of Mexico and Brazil, especially Mexico, that is leading to an overall reduction throughout Latin America.
https://peoplesdispatch.org/2025/12/04/poverty-in-latin-america-is-declining-but-not-evenly/
India weighs greater phone-location surveillance; Apple, Google and Samsung protest
India's home ministry had scheduled a meeting of top smartphone industry executives to discuss the matter on Friday but it was postponed, a source with direct knowledge of the matter said. On Thursday, Reuters sent questions related to this topic to the ministry. India's IT and home ministries, which are both analysing the telecom industry's proposal, did not respond to Reuters queries.
https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/boards-policy-regulation/india-weighs-greater-phone-location-surveillance-apple-google-samsung-protest-2025-12-05/
Workers demand implementation of minimum wage in Pakistan
The protesters shouted slogans against the government claiming it has failed to address the basic concerns of the workers in the country, most of whom are struggling to fulfill their basic needs despite working overtime. Protesters accompanied by a large number of women and children also raised the issue of rising prices of basic commodities such as wheat flour which make it even more difficult for them to live a decent life on such low salaries.
https://peoplesdispatch.org/2025/12/01/workers-demand-implementation-of-minimum-wage-in-pakistan/
R: 500 / I: 96
Brace through the hyper-real lacanian void together!
Reminder That None of This Is Real!™
ɢʀᴀʙ ᴀ ᴘᴀɪʀ ᴏꜰ sᴘᴇᴄᴛᴀᴄʟᴇs
—————————————————–
CORE THEORY
>The Society of the Spectacle (1967) by Guy Debord
📖 • https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/debord/society.htm
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0blWjssVoUQ
<The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction (1936) by Walter Benjamin
📖 • https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/benjamin.htm
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=blq9sCIyXgA
>The Culture Industry from Dialectic of Enlightenment (1944) by Theodore Adorno & Max Horkheimer
📓 • https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/adorno/1944/culture-industry.htm
📖 • https://libcom.org/article/dialectic-enlightenment-philosophical-fragments-theodor-adorno-and-marx-horkheimer
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hSLdd8R8mY
<Understanding Media (1964) by Marshall McLuhan
📖 • https://designopendata.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/understanding-media-mcluhan.pdf
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09ML9n5f1fE
>One-Dimensional Man (1964) by Herbert Marcuse
📖 • https://libcom.org/article/one-dimensional-man-studies-ideology-advanced-industrial-society-herbert-marcuse
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZCoLbEkAqs
<Discipline and Punish (1975) by Michel Foucault
📖 • https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/michel-foucault-discipline-and-punishment
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s82uU4iRuko
>Simulacra and Simulation (1981) by Jean Baudrillard
📖 • https://dn720006.ca.archive.org/0/items/baudrillard.-1970.-the-consumer-society/Baudrillard.1981.Simulacra-and-Simulation.pdf
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Yxg2_6_YLs
<Manufacturing Consent (1988) by Edward S. Herman & Noam Chomsky
📖 • https://libcom.org/article/manufacturing-consent-political-economy-mass-media-noam-chomsky-and-edward-s-herman
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34LGPIXvU5M
>The Sublime Object of Ideology (1989) by Slavoj Zizek
📖 • https://altexploit.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/slavoj-zizek-the-sublime-object-of-ideology-second-edition-the-essential-zizek-2009.pdf
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TtIckkHsUQ4
<Postscript on the Societies of Control (1990) by Gilles Deleuze
📖 • https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/gilles-deleuze-postscript-on-the-societies-of-control
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hu4Cq_-bLlY
>Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (1991) by Fredric Jameson
📖 • https://www.are.na/block/4114741
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4k26xGx1zI
<Spectres of Marx (1993) by Jacques Derrida
📖 • https://libcom.org/library/specters-marx-jacques-derrida
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJr0NwXWb6Q
>Capitalist Realism (2009) by Mark Fisher
📖 • https://libcom.org/article/capitalist-realism-mark-fisher
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Cb5XJH4NMI
—————————————————–
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
>Precursor Material to Post-modernity and Critical Theory
📖 • Karl Marx - Book 1, Chapter 4 of Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts (1844)
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/labour.htm
📺 • Why Marx Was Right: Alienation - PlasticPills
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPRxxN4Kh30
📖 • Georg Lukács - Chapter 4 of History and Class Consciousness (1923)
https://www.marxists.org/archive/lukacs/works/history/hcc05.htm
📺 • Marxism After Marx: Reification - The Marxist Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZiI-QKxBKI
📖 • Antonio Gramsci - Book 1, Chapter 1 of Selections from the Prison Notebooks (1929)
https://www.marxists.org/archive/gramsci/prison_notebooks/problems/intellectuals.htm
📺 • Hegemony: WTF? An introduction to Gramsci and cultural hegemony - Tom Nicholas
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-LI_2-qsovo
📖 • Louis Althusser - Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (1970)
https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/althusser/1970/ideology.htm
📺 • Althusser's Concept of Ideology: A Discussion with Anthony Gavin - Acid Horizon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtOqXxkKwvw
<Documentaries
• The Society of the Spectacle (1974) by Guy Debord
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjF6I6SYjgA
• Manufacturing Consent (1992) by Mark Achbar & Peter Wintonick, with Noam Chomsky
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Li2m3rvsO0I
• The Pervert's Guide to Cinema (2006) and The Pervert's Guide to Ideology (2012) by Sophie Fiennes, with Slavoj Zizek
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYuI4SFw4g0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBcFLmu_tlc
• HyperNormalisation (2016) by Adam Curtis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bv3Tr3jvZM&rco
>Easy-Bake Breadtube (for absolute beginners)
• We're All Fake Now - Wisecrack
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTW1mPOJJ_Y
• Are Cell Phones Replacing Reality? - PBS Idea Channel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AXIAM7dTTg
• The Cultural Significance of Cyberpunk - Cuck Philosophy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nvor7hhDKTs
• Introduction to Critical Theory for the 21st Century - Nathan Dufour
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7stVZPGxIw
• The Work of Art in the Age of Surveillance Capitalism - Brendan Morris
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNKiBJJFXZI
<Situationist Archives
• https://situationist.org/
• https://notbored.org/SI.html
• https://bopsecrets.org/SI/index.htm
—————————————————–
RECOMMENDED OP-EDS
• I Don’t Want to Be an Internet Person by Ginevra Davis
https://www.palladiummag.com/2022/11/04/i-do-not-want-to-be-an-internet-person/
• Pluralistic: Tiktok's enshittification by Cory Doctorow
https://pluralistic.net/2023/01/21/potemkin-ai/#hey-guys
• Facebook's Threads is so depressing by Jason O. Gilbert
https://jogblog.substack.com/p/facebooks-threads-is-so-depressing
/ISG/ - Internet Spectacle General
A thread focused on discussing the parasocial relationships cultivated by the Almighty Algorithm to generate profit off of our atomization and society's commodification of petty internet drama.Brace through the hyper-real lacanian void together!
Reminder That None of This Is Real!™
ɢʀᴀʙ ᴀ ᴘᴀɪʀ ᴏꜰ sᴘᴇᴄᴛᴀᴄʟᴇs
—————————————————–
CORE THEORY
>The Society of the Spectacle (1967) by Guy Debord
📖 • https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/debord/society.htm
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0blWjssVoUQ
<The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction (1936) by Walter Benjamin
📖 • https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/benjamin.htm
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=blq9sCIyXgA
>The Culture Industry from Dialectic of Enlightenment (1944) by Theodore Adorno & Max Horkheimer
📓 • https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/adorno/1944/culture-industry.htm
📖 • https://libcom.org/article/dialectic-enlightenment-philosophical-fragments-theodor-adorno-and-marx-horkheimer
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hSLdd8R8mY
<Understanding Media (1964) by Marshall McLuhan
📖 • https://designopendata.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/understanding-media-mcluhan.pdf
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09ML9n5f1fE
>One-Dimensional Man (1964) by Herbert Marcuse
📖 • https://libcom.org/article/one-dimensional-man-studies-ideology-advanced-industrial-society-herbert-marcuse
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZCoLbEkAqs
<Discipline and Punish (1975) by Michel Foucault
📖 • https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/michel-foucault-discipline-and-punishment
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s82uU4iRuko
>Simulacra and Simulation (1981) by Jean Baudrillard
📖 • https://dn720006.ca.archive.org/0/items/baudrillard.-1970.-the-consumer-society/Baudrillard.1981.Simulacra-and-Simulation.pdf
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Yxg2_6_YLs
<Manufacturing Consent (1988) by Edward S. Herman & Noam Chomsky
📖 • https://libcom.org/article/manufacturing-consent-political-economy-mass-media-noam-chomsky-and-edward-s-herman
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34LGPIXvU5M
>The Sublime Object of Ideology (1989) by Slavoj Zizek
📖 • https://altexploit.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/slavoj-zizek-the-sublime-object-of-ideology-second-edition-the-essential-zizek-2009.pdf
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TtIckkHsUQ4
<Postscript on the Societies of Control (1990) by Gilles Deleuze
📖 • https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/gilles-deleuze-postscript-on-the-societies-of-control
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hu4Cq_-bLlY
>Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (1991) by Fredric Jameson
📖 • https://www.are.na/block/4114741
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4k26xGx1zI
<Spectres of Marx (1993) by Jacques Derrida
📖 • https://libcom.org/library/specters-marx-jacques-derrida
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJr0NwXWb6Q
>Capitalist Realism (2009) by Mark Fisher
📖 • https://libcom.org/article/capitalist-realism-mark-fisher
📺 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Cb5XJH4NMI
—————————————————–
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
>Precursor Material to Post-modernity and Critical Theory
📖 • Karl Marx - Book 1, Chapter 4 of Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts (1844)
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/labour.htm
📺 • Why Marx Was Right: Alienation - PlasticPills
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPRxxN4Kh30
📖 • Georg Lukács - Chapter 4 of History and Class Consciousness (1923)
https://www.marxists.org/archive/lukacs/works/history/hcc05.htm
📺 • Marxism After Marx: Reification - The Marxist Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZiI-QKxBKI
📖 • Antonio Gramsci - Book 1, Chapter 1 of Selections from the Prison Notebooks (1929)
https://www.marxists.org/archive/gramsci/prison_notebooks/problems/intellectuals.htm
📺 • Hegemony: WTF? An introduction to Gramsci and cultural hegemony - Tom Nicholas
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-LI_2-qsovo
📖 • Louis Althusser - Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (1970)
https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/althusser/1970/ideology.htm
📺 • Althusser's Concept of Ideology: A Discussion with Anthony Gavin - Acid Horizon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtOqXxkKwvw
<Documentaries
• The Society of the Spectacle (1974) by Guy Debord
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjF6I6SYjgA
• Manufacturing Consent (1992) by Mark Achbar & Peter Wintonick, with Noam Chomsky
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Li2m3rvsO0I
• The Pervert's Guide to Cinema (2006) and The Pervert's Guide to Ideology (2012) by Sophie Fiennes, with Slavoj Zizek
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYuI4SFw4g0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBcFLmu_tlc
• HyperNormalisation (2016) by Adam Curtis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bv3Tr3jvZM&rco
>Easy-Bake Breadtube (for absolute beginners)
• We're All Fake Now - Wisecrack
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTW1mPOJJ_Y
• Are Cell Phones Replacing Reality? - PBS Idea Channel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AXIAM7dTTg
• The Cultural Significance of Cyberpunk - Cuck Philosophy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nvor7hhDKTs
• Introduction to Critical Theory for the 21st Century - Nathan Dufour
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7stVZPGxIw
• The Work of Art in the Age of Surveillance Capitalism - Brendan Morris
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNKiBJJFXZI
<Situationist Archives
• https://situationist.org/
• https://notbored.org/SI.html
• https://bopsecrets.org/SI/index.htm
—————————————————–
RECOMMENDED OP-EDS
• I Don’t Want to Be an Internet Person by Ginevra Davis
https://www.palladiummag.com/2022/11/04/i-do-not-want-to-be-an-internet-person/
• Pluralistic: Tiktok's enshittification by Cory Doctorow
https://pluralistic.net/2023/01/21/potemkin-ai/#hey-guys
• Facebook's Threads is so depressing by Jason O. Gilbert
https://jogblog.substack.com/p/facebooks-threads-is-so-depressing
R: 8 / I: 1
But this isn't gender dysphoria, and non-binary people often don't take any hormones and, after a couple of years, become normal adults.
Yet, they often speak on behalf of the LGBT community, and many liberals support this, even though, in reality, they're cisgender heterosexuals with youthful maximalism and some personality disorders.
TRVTHNVKE
Non-binary and other invented genders aren't truly gender identities. If you look at what they post, you'll realize they're primarily experiencing a coming-of-age complex, wanting to return to their pre-pubescent, gender-neutral childhood.But this isn't gender dysphoria, and non-binary people often don't take any hormones and, after a couple of years, become normal adults.
Yet, they often speak on behalf of the LGBT community, and many liberals support this, even though, in reality, they're cisgender heterosexuals with youthful maximalism and some personality disorders.
R: 11 / I: 3
This existence sucks ass
This existence sucks ass
R: 318 / I: 166
tell me your most unhinged historical larpy sex fetish. don't tell me you have none, all imageboard addicts and history lovers have a few. sharing the few larps i caught in my lifetime
a girl fantasizing about being a european queen owning a harem of male slaves eating her out
a guy fantasizing about being a roman soldier and fucking boudica, or letting her take out all her anger and frustration on him with severe rape
being enlaved by dacian female raiders
fucking roman girls in toga while disscussing philosophy
being an icelandic skinny guy and getting captured and sold into gay slavery in the ottoman harem
young stalin
young drugged out hitler
being a conquistador and fucking everything from aztec girls to japanese geishas, to moor pricesses
tell me your most unhinged historical larpy sex fetish. don't tell me you have none, all imageboard addicts and history lovers have a few. sharing the few larps i caught in my lifetime
a girl fantasizing about being a european queen owning a harem of male slaves eating her out
a guy fantasizing about being a roman soldier and fucking boudica, or letting her take out all her anger and frustration on him with severe rape
being enlaved by dacian female raiders
fucking roman girls in toga while disscussing philosophy
being an icelandic skinny guy and getting captured and sold into gay slavery in the ottoman harem
young stalin
young drugged out hitler
being a conquistador and fucking everything from aztec girls to japanese geishas, to moor pricesses
R: 439 / I: 142
"Ajuricaba foi um importante líder dos povos indígenas da Amazônia. Este cacique dos indígenas Manáos liderou as tribos do Rio Negro na guerra contra os colonialistas portugueses na terceira década do século XVIII"
"Preso, ele seria conduzido a Belém para julgamento. Mas, mesmo acorrentado, lançou-se nas águas do Amazonas, para resistir à prisão."
O covil dos webcomunas no Brasil
Último fio: >>12708
/brg/ - Brazil General
EDIÇÃO AJURICABA"Ajuricaba foi um importante líder dos povos indígenas da Amazônia. Este cacique dos indígenas Manáos liderou as tribos do Rio Negro na guerra contra os colonialistas portugueses na terceira década do século XVIII"
"Preso, ele seria conduzido a Belém para julgamento. Mas, mesmo acorrentado, lançou-se nas águas do Amazonas, para resistir à prisão."
O covil dos webcomunas no Brasil
Último fio: >>12708
R: 44 / I: 1 (sticky)
Welcome to the Reading General Sticky! This thread will be dedicated to the sharing, discussing, and general banter about various leftist thinkers, theories, and political outlooks.
Don't forget to check out >>>/edu/ for more reading and discussion!
———————
Common Right Wing Talking Points Debunks
——————–
Check out the /edu/ thread at
https://leftypol.org/edu/res/5576.html
Also see the relevant leftybooru tag
https://lefty.pictures/post/list/debunk/1
Add topics into the tag list to further narrow down your search!
———————
Reading Matrix Room - Thanks to the /read/ matrix room (https://matrix.to/#/#leftyread:matrix.org)
——————–
——————–
Classical Marxism
——————–
The foundational texts and concepts strictly written and conceived by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
Tier 1
Communist Manifesto (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/index.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knCYXFisM4k
Theses on Feuerbach (1845) by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/theses/theses.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zA-Gn8q47cs
Wage Labour and Capital (1847) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/wage-labour/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6llbLvm3RAc
Principles of Communism (1847) by Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/11/prin-com.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGcpspooZvk
Critique of the Gotha Programme (1875) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1875/gotha/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIkR-0NeOzw
Socialism: Utopian and Scientific (1880) by Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1880/soc-utop/index.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4_BiWhvVyA
Tier 2
The Holy Family (1844) by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/holy-family/
On The Jewish Question (1844) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/jewish-question/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lu7jgrQ_oF8
Conditions of the Working Class in England (1845) by Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/condition-working-class/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDaK6b6eZrg
The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (1952) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1852/18th-brumaire/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=orxXeE8kn4U
Value, Price and Profit (1865) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1865/value-price-profit/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjhVZW3HJzM
The Civil War in France (1871) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1871/civil-war-france/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSWrTzJFrnQ
Tier 3
Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right (1843) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1843/critique-hpr/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b78lwj_TNVI
Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts (1844) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/preface.htm
The German Ideology (1846) by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ERf6Qvqwr6g
The Poverty of Philosophy (1847) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/poverty-philosophy/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iNy2A2ZpSEU
Grundrisse (1858) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1857/grundrisse/
Anti-Dühring (1877) by Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1877/anti-duhring/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bATakOyA0zc
The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State (1884) by Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1884/origin-family/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8W2GaAs5VLo
DAS KAPITAL
Capital: A Critique of Political Economy (1867) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhXStf2E1tc
——————–
German Idealism
——————–
Philosophical movement that generally argues that the mind’s structures (reason, self-consciousness) play an active role in shaping reality and experience, centering on how freedom, subjectivity, and the unity of subject and object grounds knowledge and moral life. Hugely influential in revolutionary socialist currents.
Critique of Pure Reason (1781) by Immanuel Kant
📖 · https://www.gutenberg.org/files/4280/4280-h/4280-h.htm
Foundations of the Science of Knowledge (1794) by Johann Gottlieb Fichte
📖 · https://dn720207.ca.archive.org/0/items/thescienceofknow00fichuoft/thescienceofknow00fichuoft.pdf
The Phenomenology of Spirit (1801) by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hegel/works/ph/phconten.htm
The Essence of Christianity (1841) by Ludwig Feuerbach
📖 · https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/47025/pg47025-images.html
The Jewish Question (1843) by Bruno Bauer
📖 · https://www.scribd.com/document/720704445/bruno-bauer-the-jewish-question
——————–
Utopian Socialism
——————–
Early socialist current that imagined ideal, cooperative communities and peaceful social reforms achieved by moral persuasion and voluntary association rather than class struggle or revolution.
The Social Contract (1762) by Jean-Jacques Rousseau
📖 · https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/46333/pg46333-images.html
The Wealth of Nations (1776) by Adam Smith
📖 · https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3300/3300-h/3300-h.htm
The Theory of the Four Movements (1808) by Charles Fourier
📖 · https://libcom.org/article/theory-four-movements-charles-fourier
A New View of Society and Other Writings (1813) by Robert Owen
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/economics/owen/society/index.htm
On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1817) by David Ricardo
📖 · https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/33310/pg33310-images.html
New Christianity (1825) by Henri de Saint-Simon
📖 · https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/New_Christianity.pdf
Holy History of Mankind (1837) by Moses Hess
📖 · https://ia801505.us.archive.org/23/items/119933_20230725/Moses%20Hess.%20The%20Holy%20History%20of%20Mankind%20and%20Other%20Writings.pdf
Principles of Political Economy (1848) by John Stuart Mill
📖 · https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/30107/pg30107-images.html
Instructions pour une prise d'armes (1866) by Louis Auguste Blanqui
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/francais/blanqui/1866/instructions.htm
——————–
Classical Anarchism
——————–
Rejects the state and hierarchical authority, serves as the basis for modern and contemporary Anarchism. Variants include Mutualism, Anarcho-Collectivism and Individualist anarchism.
Tier 1
What is Property? (1840) by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/pierre-joseph-proudhon-what-is-property-an-inquiry-into-the-principle-of-right-and-of-governmen
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XeoynLwP3u4
Collectivism (1872) by Adhémar Schwitzguébel
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/adhemar-schwitzguebel-collectivism
Tier 2
The Philosophy of Poverty (1846) by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/pierre-joseph-proudhon-system-of-economical-contradictions-or-the-philosophy-of-poverty
God and the State (1871) by Mikhail Bakunin
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/michail-bakunin-god-and-the-state
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLArnrsxwWY
Ideas on Social Organisation (1876) by James Guillaume
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/james-guillaume-ideas-on-social-organization
Tier 3
Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and its Influence on Morals and Happiness (1793) by William Godwin
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/godwin-political-justice
The Ego and Its Own (1844) by Max Stirner
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stirner/ego-and-its-own.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBOex4R61Oo
Statism and Anarchy (1873) by Mikhail Bakunin
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/mikhail-bakunin-statism-and-anarchy
——————–
Orthodox Marxism
——————–
Treats Marxism as a scientific, historical-materialist doctrine. Generally arguing that capitalism contains objective economic contradictions that makes proletarian revolution and socialism inevitable. Therefore, political organization, class struggle, and economic analysis are central.
Tier 1
The Present Position of the Socialist Movement in Germany (1896) by Wilhelm Liebknecht
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/liebknecht-w/1896/06/essex-lecture.html
Erfurt Program (1891) by Karl Kautsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/history/international/social-democracy/1891/erfurt-program.htm
What Means This Strike? (1898) by Daniel DeLeon
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/deleon/works/1898/980211.htm
The Burning Question of Trade Unionism (1904) by Daniel DeLeon
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/deleon/works/1904/040421.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGe1aEA4UOw
The Main Enemy Is At Home! (1914) by Karl Liebknecht
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/liebknecht-k/works/1915/05/main-enemy-home.htm
Tier 2
Socialism and the Political Struggle (1883) by Georgi Plekhanov
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/plekhanov/1883/struggle/index.htm
The Class Struggle (Erfurt Program) (1892) by Karl Kautsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1892/erfurt/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMCOEZ8xjqM
On the Role of the Individual in History (1898) by Georgi Plekhanov
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/plekhanov/1898/xx/individual.html
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQCUjwmSSk4
Reform or Revolution? (1900) by Rosa Luxemburg
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1900/reform-revolution/index.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVZgtmGmyl4
Militarism and Anti-Militarism (1907) by Karl Liebknecht
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/liebknecht-k/works/1907/militarism-antimilitarism/index.htm
The Mass Strike, the Political Party and the Trade Unions (1906) by Rosa Luxemburg
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1906/mass-strike/
The Historic Accomplishment of Karl Marx (1908) by Karl Kautsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1908/histacc/index.html
The National Question and Autonomy (1908) by Rosa Luxemburg
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1909/national-question/index.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-vkL6ZUnzcc
The Road to Power (1909) by Karl Kautsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1909/power/
Tier 3
The Development of the Monist View of History (1895) by Georgi Plekhanov
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/plekhanov/1895/monist/index.htm
No Compromise – No Political Trading (1899) by Wilhelm Liebknecht
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/liebknecht-w/1899/nocomp/index.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZlYu23bMNhg
The Socialist Crisis in France (1901) by Rosa Luxemburg
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1901/socialist-crisis-france/index.htm
The Social Revolution (1902) by Karl Kautsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1902/socrev/
Socialist Reconstruction of Society (1905) by Daniel DeLeon
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/deleon/works/1905/050710.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yzF6QXNIWV0
The Foundations of Christianity (1908) by Karl Kautsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1908/christ/index.htm
The Accumulation of Capital (1913) by Rosa Luxemburg
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1913/accumulation-capital/
——————–
Anarcho-Communism
——————–
Advocates for abolishing the state, capitalism, and private ownership of the means of production in favor of decentralized, voluntary communes with common ownership and distribution "from each according to ability, to each according to need." Variants include Platformism, Syncreticism, and Magonism.
Tier 1
Catechism of a Revolutionary (1869) by Sergey Nechayev
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/subject/anarchism/nechayev/catechism.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7kviqQa6ZU
To Manual Workers, Supporters of Political Action (1876) by François Dumartheray
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/francois-dumartheray-to-manual-workers-supporters-of-political-action
Anarchy and Communism (1880) by Carlo Cafiero
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/carlo-cafiero-anarchy-and-communism
Our Revolution (1881) by Carlo Cafiero
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/cafiero/1881/our-revolution.html
A Word to Tramps (1884) by Lucy Parsons
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/lucy-e-parsons-to-tramps
Words of a Rebel (1885) by Peter Kropotkin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/kropotkin-peter/1885/words-of-a-rebel/index.html
I Am an Anarchist (1886) by Lucy Parsons
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/lucy-e-parsons-i-am-an-anarchist
Anarchy (1891) by Errico Malatesta
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/errico-malatesta-anarchy
Manifesto of the Mexican Liberal Party (1911) by Ricardo Flores Magón
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/subject/anarchism/ricardo-flores-magon/1911/manifesto-of-the-mexican-liberal-party.html
The Anarchist Synthesis (1927) by Sébastien Faure
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/sebastien-faure-the-anarchist-synthesis
A Project of Anarchist Organisation (1927) by Errico Malatesta
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/errico-malatesta-a-project-of-anarchist-organisation
The ABC of Communist Anarchism (1929) by Alexander Berkman
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/berkman/1929/what-is-communist-anarchism/index.html
Tier 2
Fields, Factories and Workshops (1899) by Peter Kropotkin
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/petr-kropotkin-fields-factories-and-workshops-or-industry-combined-with-agriculture-and-brain-w
At the Café: Conversations on Anarchism (1922) by Errico Malatesta
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/malatesta/1922/at-the-cafe/index.html
On Synthesis (1924) by Volin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/subject/anarchism/voline/1924/on-synthesis.html
The Struggle Against the State and Other Essays (1926) by Nestor Makhno
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/makhno-nestor/works/1926/struggle-against-the-state/index.html
Tier 3
The Conquest of Bread (1892) by Peter Kropotkin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/kropotkin-peter/1892/bread.htm
Mutual Aid (1902) by Peter Kropotkin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/kropotkin-peter/1902/mutual-aid/index.htm
History of the Makhnovist Movement (1918–1921) (1923) by Peter Arshinov
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/peter-arshinov-history-of-the-makhnovist-movement-1918-1921
The Russian Revolution in the Ukraine (1926) by Nestor Makhno
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/nestor-makhno-the-russian-revolution-in-the-ukraine
Organizational Platform of the General Union of Anarchists (Draft) (1926) by Various Authors
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/dielo-truda-workers-cause-organisational-platform-of-the-libertarian-communists
——————–
Leninism
——————–
Based on the works of Vladimir Lenin, argues for a disciplined vanguard party using democratic centralism to seize state power and establish a temporary dictatorship of the proletariat to lead the transition from capitalism to socialism.
Tier 1
What Is To Be Done? (1902) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1901/witbd/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-eCCtzsiXY
Revolutionary Adventurism (1902) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1902/sep/01.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovPbNQ9JqjA
Socialism and Religion (1905) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1905/dec/03.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKMlcPb1ttw
Three Source and Three Component Parts of Marxism (1913) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1913/mar/x01.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOAII71GaFY
The ABC of Communism (1920) by Nikolai Buhkarin & Evgenii Preobrazhensky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/works/1920/abc/index.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVVnjwBQHH0
Tier 2
Two Tactics of Social Democracy in the Democratic Revolution (1905) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1905/tactics/index.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQsWA4HCGuY
The Right of Nations to Self-Determination (1914) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1914/self-det/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0bbODqyoeM0
Imperialism and World Economy (1915) by Nikolai Bukharin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/works/1917/imperial/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13Uj5GE1h1U
The Proletarian Revolution and Renegade Kautsky (1918) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1918/prrk/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_IWmgY8k2A
“Left-Wing” Communism: an Infantile Disorder (1920) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1920/lwc/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wh84f8czc7g
Tier 3
Materialism and Empirio-Criticism (1909) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1908/mec/
Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism (1917) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1916/imp-hsc/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFtUKPPYmqk
The State and Revolution (1917) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1917/staterev/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrfLQsyUYig
Historical Materialism: A System of Sociology (1921) by Nikolai Bukharin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/works/1921/histmat/index.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sr7o64hezwc
——————–
Syndicalism
——————–
Tendency that aims to replace capitalism and the state by organizing workers into trade-union syndicates using direct action, such as general strikes, in order to take control of production and self-manage the economy.
Tier 1
Anarchism and the Workers' Unions (1895) by Fernand Pelloutier
📖 · https://libcom.org/article/anarchism-and-workers-unions-fernand-pelloutier
Sabotage (1898) by Émile Pouget
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/pouget/1898/sabotage.htm
The General Strike (1911) by Bill Haywood
📖 · https://archive.iww.org/history/library/Haywood/GeneralStrike/
The Conscious Withdrawal of the Workers' Industrial Efficiency (1917) by Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/subject/women/authors/flynn/1917/sabotage.htm
Tier 2
Anarcho-Syndicalism: Theory and Practice (1938) by Rudolf Rocker
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/rudolf-rocker-anarchosyndicalism
One Big Union (2000) by the Industrial Workers of the World
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/industrial-workers-of-the-world-one-big-union
Tier 3
Industrial Socialism (1911) by Bill Haywood
📖 · https://archive.iww.org/history/library/Haywood/IndSocialism/
The Autobiography of Mother Jones (1925) by Mother Jones
📖 · https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/65079/pg65079-images.html
Anarchists in the Spanish Revolution (1990) by José Peirats
📖 · https://files.libcom.org/files/Peirats%20J.%20Anarchists%20in%20the%20Spanish%20Revolution.pdf
——————–
Marxism-Leninism
——————–
Institutionalized doctrine that fuses Marx’s theory with Lenin’s praxis as codified official party ideology, applying the idea of historical materialism to a practical program of revolutionary vanguardism and a state-led transition to socialism.
Tier 1
Dialectical and Historical Materialism (1938) by Joseph Stalin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1938/09.htm
The Path Which Led Me To Leninism (1960) by Ho Chi Minh
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/ho-chi-minh/works/1960/04/x01.htm
The Khruschevites (1976) by Enver Hoxha
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/1976/khruschevites/index.htm
Tier 2
Marxism and the National Question (1913) by Joseph Stalin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1913/03a.htm
Workers Manage Factories in Yugoslavia (1950) by Josip Broz Tito
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/tito/1950/06/26.htm
Marxism and Problems of Linguistics (1950) by Joseph Stalin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1950/jun/20.htm
History Will Absolve Me (1953) by Fidel Castro
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/history/cuba/archive/castro/1953/10/16.htm
Guerilla Warfare (1961) by Che Guevara
📖 · https://www.cheguevara.org/Guerrilla-Warfare.pdf
Eurocommunism is Anti-Communism (1980) by Enver Hoxha
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/euroco/env2-1.htm
Tier 3
Foundations of Leninism (1924) by Joseph Stalin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1924/foundations-leninism/
The People's Front (1938) by Earl Browder
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/browder/peoples-front/index.htm
Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR (1951) by Joseph Stalin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1951/economic-problems/index.htm
Imperialism and the Revolution (1979) by Enver Hoxha
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/imp_rev/toc.htm
Revolution in Laos: Practice and Prospects (1981) by Kaysone Phomvihane
📖 · https://en.prolewiki.org/wiki/Library:Revolution_in_Laos
Women's Liberation and the African Freedom Struggle (1990) by Thomas Sankara
📖 · https://files.libcom.org/files/thomas-sankara-womens-liberation-and-the-african-freedom-struggle.pdf
——————–
Illegalism and Insurrectionary Anarchism
——————–
Both support propaganda of the deed as a method of revolutionary struggle, with Illegalism having roots in Individualist Anarchism while Insurrectionary Anarchism shares overlap with Anarcho-Communism.
Tier 1
A Letter from Mazas Prison (1886) by Clément Duval
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/clement-duval-a-letter-from-cleement-duval
Why I Was a Burglar (1905) by Marius Jacob
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/marius-jacob-why-i-was-a-burglar
Byzantinism and Limpness (1909) by Michel Antoine
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/michel-antoine-byzantinism-and-limpness
Is the Illegalist Anarchist Our Comrade? (1911) by Émile Armand
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/emile-armand-is-the-illegalist-anarchist-our-comrade
Two Lectures on the Bonnot Affair (1912) by Victor Serge
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/victor-serge-two-lectures-on-the-bonnot-affair
Tier 2
The Anarchism of Émile Armand (1907) by Émile Armand
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/emile-armand-the-anarchism-of-emile-armand
Toward the Creative Nothing (1924) by Renzo Novatore
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/renzo-novatore-toward-the-creative-nothing
The Principal of Organization to the Light of Anarchism (1927) by Luigi Galleani
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/luigi-galleani-the-principal-of-organization-to-the-light-of-anarchism
Armed Joy (1977) by Alfredo Bonnano
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/alfredo-m-bonanno-armed-joy
Tier 3
The Ego and Its Own (1844) by Max Stirner
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stirner/ego-and-its-own.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBOex4R61Oo
Against War, Against Peace, For The Social Revolution (1914) by Luigi Galleani
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/luigi-galleani-against-war-against-peace-for-the-social-revolution
The End of Anarchism? (1925) by Luigi Galleani
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/luigi-galleani-the-end-of-anarchism
Anarchists Never Surrender (1938) by Victor Serge
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/victor-serge-anarchists-never-surrender
The Bonnot Gang (1987) by Richard Parry
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/richard-parry-the-bonnot-gang-the-story-of-the-french-illegalists
The Coming Insurrection (2007) by The Invisible Committee
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/comite-invisible-the-coming-insurrection
——————–
Trotskyism
——————–
Based on Leon Trotsky's work, stresses permanent revolution, proletarian internationalism, and an opposition to bureaucratic degeneration.
Tier 1
The Lessons of October (1924) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1924/lessons/index.htm
The Transitional Program (1938) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1938/tp/
Their Morals and Ours (1938) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1938/morals/morals.htm
Fascism: What It Is and How to Fight It (1944) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/works/1944/1944-fas.htm
Tier 2
Terrorism and Communism (1920) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1920/terrcomm/index.htm
The Permanent Revolution and Results and Prospects (1930) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1931/tpr/index.htm
Tier 3
The Third International After Lenin (1928) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1928/3rd/index.htm
History of the Russian Revolution (1930) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1930/hrr/
The Revolution Betrayed (1936) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1936/revbet/
——————–
Anarcho-Pacificism
——————–
https://blogs.law.columbia.edu/uprising1313/files/2017/10/Civil-Disobedience-by-Henry-David-Thoreau.pdf
——————–
Maoism
——————–
Developed by Mao Zedong, argues for peasant-led revolution, protracted people’s war, mass mobilization, and adapting Marxist strategy to agrarian societies.
Tier 1
Analysis of The Classes In Chinese Society (1926) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_1.htm
Oppose Book Worship (1930) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-6/mswv6_11.htm
Be Concerned With the Well-Being of the Masses, Pay Attention to Methods of Work (1934) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_10.htm
Combat Liberalism (1937) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_03.htm
Serve The People (1944) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-3/mswv3_19.htm
Bombard The Headquarters (1966) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-9/mswv9_63.htm
Tier 2
On Contradiction (1937) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_17.htm
On Practice' (1937) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_16.htm
On Protracted War (1938) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_09.htm
On New Democracy (1940) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_26.htm
Tier 3
Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement In Hunan (1927) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_2.htm
On Guerrilla Warfare (1937) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/1937/guerrilla-warfare/
The Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party (1939) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_23.htm
On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People (1957) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-5/mswv5_58.htm
Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung (1964) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/red-book/index.htm
——————–
Marxism-Leninism-Maoism
——————–
Treats Maoism as a higher stage of Marxism–Leninism, emphasizing peasant-led, protracted people’s war, the mass line, and continuing revolution to prevent bureaucratic degeneration.
Tier 1
On Gonzalo Thought (1988) by the Communist Party of Peru
📖 · https://michaelharrison.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/On-Gonzalo-Thought-1st-Congress.pdf
Marxism-Leninism-Maoism or Revisionism? (1990) by Prachanda
📖 · https://www.bannedthought.net/Nepal/Problems-Prospects/p_mlmor_revisionism.html
Tier 2
General Political Line (1988) by the Communist Party of Peru
📖 · https://bannedthought.net/Peru/CPP/Documents/GeneralPoliticalLineOfTheCommunistPartyOfPeru-1988-OCR.pdf
The Great Leap Forward: An Inevitable Need of History (2001) by the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
📖 · https://www.bannedthought.net/Nepal/Worker/Worker-07/GreatLeapForward-Prachanda-010200.htm
Hold High the Bright Red Banner of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism (2004) by the Communist Party of India (Maoist)
📖 · https://www.bannedthought.net/India/CPI-Maoist-Docs/Founding/MLM-pamphlet.pdf
Tier 3
On the Bourgeois-Democratic State (1961) by Abimael Guzmán
📖 · https://bannedthought.net/Peru/Gonzalo/Guzman-OnTheBourgeois-DemocraticState-1961-Thesis-OCR-sm.pdf
Philippine Society and Revolution (1970) by Amado Guerrero
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/history/philippines/cpp/guerrero/1970/psr.htm
Problems & Prospects of Revolution in Nepal (2004) by Prachanda and the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
📖 · https://bannedthought.net/Nepal/Problems-Prospects/index.htm
——————–
Socialism with Chinese Characteristics
——————–
Adapts and institutionalizes Marxism–Leninism to Chinese conditions by marrying one-party rule and state control of strategic sectors with market-oriented reforms to drive modernization.
Tier 1
Emancipate the Mind, Seek Truth From Facts and Unite As One In Looking to the Future (1978) by Deng Xiaoping
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1978/110.htm
Uphold the Four Cardinal Principles (1979) by Deng Xiaoping
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1979/115.htm
We Can Develop A Market Economy Under Socialism (1979) by Deng Xiaoping
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1979/152.htm
To Build Socialism We Must First Develop the Productive Forces (1980) by Deng Xiaoping
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1980/101.htm
Tier 2
On the Reform of the System of Party and State Leadership (1980) by Deng Xiaoping
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1980/220.htm
Tier 3
Build Socialism With Chinese Characteristics (1984) by Deng Xiaoping
📖 · https://www.bannedthought.net/China/Individuals/DengXiaoping/DengXiaoping-BuildSocialismWithChineseCharacteristics.pdf
On the “Three Represents” (2000) by Jiang Zemin
📖 · https://archive.org/details/JiangZeminThreeRepresents
Report to the 17th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (2007) by Hu Jintao
📖 · https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-10/24/content_6204564.htm
The Governance of China (2014) by Xi Jinping
📖 · https://www.bannedthought.net/China/Individuals/XiJinping/XiJinping-TheGovernanceOfChina.pdf
——————–
Maoism-Third Worldism
——————–
Blends Maoist strategy with Third-Worldist analysis, arguing the revolutionary proletariat is concentrated in oppressed (Global South) countries while much First-World labor is seen as privileged or comprador.
Tier 1
Long Live the Victory of People’s War! (1965) by Lin Bao
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/lin-biao/1965/09/peoples_war/index.htm
Message to the Tricontinental (1967) by Che Guevara
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/guevara/1967/04/16.htm
Tier 2
White-Settler Colonialism and the Myth of Investment Imperialism (1972) by Arghiri Emmanuel
📖 · https://pdfhost.io/v/QUJ7qnsaq_WhiteSettler_Colonialism_and_the_Myth_of_Investment_Imperialism
Unequal Development (1973) by Samir Amin
📖 · https://www.prisoncensorship.info/archive/books/Economics/UnequalDevelopment_SamirAmin.pdf
Foreign Trade and the Law of Value (1979) by Anwar Shaikh
📖 · https://sci-hub.ru/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40402184
📖 · https://sci-hub.ru/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40402218
Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat (1983) by J. Sakai
📖 · https://readsettlers.org/text-index.html
Eurocentrism (1989) by Samir Amin
📖 · https://contrapoder.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/08.-AMIN.pdf
The Wealth of (Some) Nations (2019) by Zak Cope
📖 · https://leftypol.org/edu/src/1655353202103-0.pdf
Tier 3
Accumulation on a World Scale (1971) by Samir Amin
📖 · https://annas-archive.org/md5/89ae1cfad31b7ba8d06acbdba571f721
Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade (1972) by Arghiri Emmanuel
📖 · https://www.prisoncensorship.info/archive/books/Economics/UnequalExchange_ArghiriEmmanuel.pdf
Delinking: Towards a Polycentric World (1986) by Samir Amin
📖 · https://libgen.gl/edition.php?id=138497885
Divided World, Divided Class (2012) by Zak Cope
📖 · https://www.prisoncensorship.info/archive/books/Economics/DividedWorldDividedClass_ZakCope.pdf
——————–
Juche
——————–
The official state ideology of North Korea, stressing political independence, economic self-sufficiency, self-defense, and the central role of the leader in guiding the nation.
Tier 1
For the Establishment of a United Party of the Working Masses (1946) by Kim Il Sung
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/1946/08/29.pdf
On the Occasion of the Founding of the Korean People’s Army (1948) by Kim Il Sung
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/1948/02/08.pdf
On Eliminating Dogmatism and Formalism and Establishing Juche in Ideological Work (1955) by Kim Il Sung
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/1955/12/28.htm
Ten Principles for the Establishment of a Monolithic Ideological System (1974) by Kim Il Sung
📖 · https://www2.law.columbia.edu/course_00S_L9436_001/North%20Korea%20materials/10%20principles%20of%20juche.html
The Juche Idea is an Idea that Has Inherited and Developed the Progressive Ideologies of Mankind (1986) by Kim Jong Il
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/The-Juche-Idea-Is-An-Idea-That-Has-Inherited-And-Developed-The-Progressive-Ideologies-Of-Mankind.pdf
Ours is the Socialism of Juche (1994) by Kim Il Sung
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/1994/04/16.pdf
The Democratic People's Republic of Korea is a Juche-Oriented Socialist State with Invincible Might (2008) by Kim Jong Il
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/The-Democratic-Peoples-Republic-Of-Korea-Is-A-Juche-Oriented-Socialist-State-With-Invincible-Might.pdf
Let Us March Forward Dynamically Towards Final Victory, Holding Higher the Banner of Songun (2012) by Kim Jong Un
📖 · http://www.korean-books.com.kp/KBMbooks/en/work/leader3/1201.pdf
Tier 2
On the Juche Idea (1982) by Kim Jong Il
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/On-The-Juche-Idea.pdf
Our Socialism Centred on the Masses Shall Not Perish (1991) by Kim Jong Il
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/Our-Socialism-Centred-On-The-Masses-Shall-Not-Perish.pdf
Tier 3
On Juche in Our Revolution (1975) by Kim Il Sung
📖 · https://archive.org/details/KimJucheRevolutionVol1
——————–
Italian Left-Communism
——————–
Insisting on strict Marxist orthodoxy, rejecting parliamentarism, reformist trade unions and united fronts, while promoting a revolutionary, party-centered alternative to both social democracy and Marxism-Leninism.
Tier 1
Party and Class (1921) by Amadeo Bordiga
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1921/party-class.htm
Bourgeois Violence and Proletarian Defence (1946) by Onorato Damen
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/damen/1946/bourgeois-violence.htm
Proletarian Dictatorship and Class Party (1951) by Amadeo Bordiga
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1951/class-party.htm
Centralised Party, Yes – Centralism over the Party, No! (1951) by Onorato Damen
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/damen/1951/centralised.htm
Tier 2
Party and Class Action (1921) by Amadeo Bordiga
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1921/classact.htm
The Democratic Principle (1922) by Amadeo Bordiga
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1922/democratic-principle.htm
The Lyons Theses (1926) by Amadeo Bordiga
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1926/lyons-theses.htm
The Communist Left in the Third International (1926) by Amadeo Bordiga
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1926/comintern.htm
Dialogue with Stalin (1952) by Amadeo Bordiga
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1952/stalin.htm
We Defend the Italian Left (1966) by Onorato Damen
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/damen/1966/defend.htm
Tier 3
The Fundamentals for a Marxist Orientation (1946) by Amadeo Bordiga
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1946/orientation.htm
Bordiga — Beyond the Myth and the Rhetoric (1970) by Onorato Damen
📖 · https://www.leftcom.org/files/2018-10-02-damen-bordiga.pdf
——————–
Council Communism
——————–
Favors workers’ councils as the basis of proletarian power and organization as opposed to vanguard party centralism, arguing for direct, self-managed, council-based socialism.
Tier 1
World Revolution and Communist Tactics (1920) by Anton Pannekoek
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1920/communist-tactics.htm
The Revolution Is Not A Party Affair (1920) by Otto Rühle
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/ruhle/1920/ruhle02.htm
The Lenin Legend (1935) by Paul Mattick
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/mattick-paul/1935/lenin-legend.htm
Why Past Revolutionary Movements Have Failed (1940) by Anton Pannekoek
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1940/revo.htm
The Party and Class (1941) by Anton Pannekoek
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1941/party-class.htm
The Failure of the Working Class (1946) by Anton Pannekoek
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1946/failure-working-class.htm
Tier 2
Imperialism, the World War and Social Democracy (1914) by Herman Gorter
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/gorter/1914/imperialism.htm
The World Revolution (1918) by Herman Gorter
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/gorter/1918/world-revolution.htm
Report from Moscow (1920) by Otto Rühle
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/ruhle/1920/ruhle01.htm
Lenin As Philosopher (1938) by Anton Pannekoek
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1938/lenin/index.htm
The Struggle Against Fascism Begins with the Struggle Against Bolshevism (1939) by Otto Rühle
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/ruhle/1939/ruhle01.htm
Spontaneity and Organisation (1949) by Paul Mattick
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/mattick-paul/1949/spontaneity.htm
Tier 3
An Open Letter to Comrade Lenin (1920) by Herman Gorter
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/gorter/1920/open-letter.htm
Workers' Councils (1942) by Anton Pannekoek
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1947/workers-councils.htm
Marx and Keynes: The Limits of the Mixed Economy (1969) by Paul Mattick
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/mattick-paul/1969/marx-keynes/index.htm
Anti-Bolshevik Communism (1978) by Paul Mattick
📖 · https://files.libcom.org/files/paul-mattick-anti-bolshevik-communism-2007_0.pdf
——————–
Frankfurt School
——————–
——————–
Neo-Marxism
——————–
——————–
Post-Marxism
——————–
Reading General Sticky
Hello, /leftypol/!Welcome to the Reading General Sticky! This thread will be dedicated to the sharing, discussing, and general banter about various leftist thinkers, theories, and political outlooks.
Don't forget to check out >>>/edu/ for more reading and discussion!
———————
Common Right Wing Talking Points Debunks
——————–
Check out the /edu/ thread at
https://leftypol.org/edu/res/5576.html
Also see the relevant leftybooru tag
https://lefty.pictures/post/list/debunk/1
Add topics into the tag list to further narrow down your search!
———————
Reading Matrix Room - Thanks to the /read/ matrix room (https://matrix.to/#/#leftyread:matrix.org)
——————–
——————–
Classical Marxism
——————–
The foundational texts and concepts strictly written and conceived by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
Tier 1
Communist Manifesto (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/index.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knCYXFisM4k
Theses on Feuerbach (1845) by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/theses/theses.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zA-Gn8q47cs
Wage Labour and Capital (1847) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/wage-labour/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6llbLvm3RAc
Principles of Communism (1847) by Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/11/prin-com.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGcpspooZvk
Critique of the Gotha Programme (1875) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1875/gotha/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIkR-0NeOzw
Socialism: Utopian and Scientific (1880) by Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1880/soc-utop/index.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4_BiWhvVyA
Tier 2
The Holy Family (1844) by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/holy-family/
On The Jewish Question (1844) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/jewish-question/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lu7jgrQ_oF8
Conditions of the Working Class in England (1845) by Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/condition-working-class/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDaK6b6eZrg
The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (1952) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1852/18th-brumaire/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=orxXeE8kn4U
Value, Price and Profit (1865) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1865/value-price-profit/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjhVZW3HJzM
The Civil War in France (1871) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1871/civil-war-france/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSWrTzJFrnQ
Tier 3
Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right (1843) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1843/critique-hpr/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b78lwj_TNVI
Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts (1844) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/preface.htm
The German Ideology (1846) by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ERf6Qvqwr6g
The Poverty of Philosophy (1847) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/poverty-philosophy/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iNy2A2ZpSEU
Grundrisse (1858) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1857/grundrisse/
Anti-Dühring (1877) by Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1877/anti-duhring/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bATakOyA0zc
The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State (1884) by Friedrich Engels
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1884/origin-family/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8W2GaAs5VLo
DAS KAPITAL
Capital: A Critique of Political Economy (1867) by Karl Marx
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhXStf2E1tc
——————–
German Idealism
——————–
Philosophical movement that generally argues that the mind’s structures (reason, self-consciousness) play an active role in shaping reality and experience, centering on how freedom, subjectivity, and the unity of subject and object grounds knowledge and moral life. Hugely influential in revolutionary socialist currents.
Critique of Pure Reason (1781) by Immanuel Kant
📖 · https://www.gutenberg.org/files/4280/4280-h/4280-h.htm
Foundations of the Science of Knowledge (1794) by Johann Gottlieb Fichte
📖 · https://dn720207.ca.archive.org/0/items/thescienceofknow00fichuoft/thescienceofknow00fichuoft.pdf
The Phenomenology of Spirit (1801) by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hegel/works/ph/phconten.htm
The Essence of Christianity (1841) by Ludwig Feuerbach
📖 · https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/47025/pg47025-images.html
The Jewish Question (1843) by Bruno Bauer
📖 · https://www.scribd.com/document/720704445/bruno-bauer-the-jewish-question
——————–
Utopian Socialism
——————–
Early socialist current that imagined ideal, cooperative communities and peaceful social reforms achieved by moral persuasion and voluntary association rather than class struggle or revolution.
The Social Contract (1762) by Jean-Jacques Rousseau
📖 · https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/46333/pg46333-images.html
The Wealth of Nations (1776) by Adam Smith
📖 · https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3300/3300-h/3300-h.htm
The Theory of the Four Movements (1808) by Charles Fourier
📖 · https://libcom.org/article/theory-four-movements-charles-fourier
A New View of Society and Other Writings (1813) by Robert Owen
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/economics/owen/society/index.htm
On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1817) by David Ricardo
📖 · https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/33310/pg33310-images.html
New Christianity (1825) by Henri de Saint-Simon
📖 · https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/New_Christianity.pdf
Holy History of Mankind (1837) by Moses Hess
📖 · https://ia801505.us.archive.org/23/items/119933_20230725/Moses%20Hess.%20The%20Holy%20History%20of%20Mankind%20and%20Other%20Writings.pdf
Principles of Political Economy (1848) by John Stuart Mill
📖 · https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/30107/pg30107-images.html
Instructions pour une prise d'armes (1866) by Louis Auguste Blanqui
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/francais/blanqui/1866/instructions.htm
——————–
Classical Anarchism
——————–
Rejects the state and hierarchical authority, serves as the basis for modern and contemporary Anarchism. Variants include Mutualism, Anarcho-Collectivism and Individualist anarchism.
Tier 1
What is Property? (1840) by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/pierre-joseph-proudhon-what-is-property-an-inquiry-into-the-principle-of-right-and-of-governmen
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XeoynLwP3u4
Collectivism (1872) by Adhémar Schwitzguébel
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/adhemar-schwitzguebel-collectivism
Tier 2
The Philosophy of Poverty (1846) by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/pierre-joseph-proudhon-system-of-economical-contradictions-or-the-philosophy-of-poverty
God and the State (1871) by Mikhail Bakunin
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/michail-bakunin-god-and-the-state
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLArnrsxwWY
Ideas on Social Organisation (1876) by James Guillaume
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/james-guillaume-ideas-on-social-organization
Tier 3
Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and its Influence on Morals and Happiness (1793) by William Godwin
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/godwin-political-justice
The Ego and Its Own (1844) by Max Stirner
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stirner/ego-and-its-own.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBOex4R61Oo
Statism and Anarchy (1873) by Mikhail Bakunin
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/mikhail-bakunin-statism-and-anarchy
——————–
Orthodox Marxism
——————–
Treats Marxism as a scientific, historical-materialist doctrine. Generally arguing that capitalism contains objective economic contradictions that makes proletarian revolution and socialism inevitable. Therefore, political organization, class struggle, and economic analysis are central.
Tier 1
The Present Position of the Socialist Movement in Germany (1896) by Wilhelm Liebknecht
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/liebknecht-w/1896/06/essex-lecture.html
Erfurt Program (1891) by Karl Kautsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/history/international/social-democracy/1891/erfurt-program.htm
What Means This Strike? (1898) by Daniel DeLeon
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/deleon/works/1898/980211.htm
The Burning Question of Trade Unionism (1904) by Daniel DeLeon
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/deleon/works/1904/040421.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGe1aEA4UOw
The Main Enemy Is At Home! (1914) by Karl Liebknecht
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/liebknecht-k/works/1915/05/main-enemy-home.htm
Tier 2
Socialism and the Political Struggle (1883) by Georgi Plekhanov
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/plekhanov/1883/struggle/index.htm
The Class Struggle (Erfurt Program) (1892) by Karl Kautsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1892/erfurt/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMCOEZ8xjqM
On the Role of the Individual in History (1898) by Georgi Plekhanov
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/plekhanov/1898/xx/individual.html
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQCUjwmSSk4
Reform or Revolution? (1900) by Rosa Luxemburg
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1900/reform-revolution/index.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVZgtmGmyl4
Militarism and Anti-Militarism (1907) by Karl Liebknecht
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/liebknecht-k/works/1907/militarism-antimilitarism/index.htm
The Mass Strike, the Political Party and the Trade Unions (1906) by Rosa Luxemburg
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1906/mass-strike/
The Historic Accomplishment of Karl Marx (1908) by Karl Kautsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1908/histacc/index.html
The National Question and Autonomy (1908) by Rosa Luxemburg
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1909/national-question/index.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-vkL6ZUnzcc
The Road to Power (1909) by Karl Kautsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1909/power/
Tier 3
The Development of the Monist View of History (1895) by Georgi Plekhanov
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/plekhanov/1895/monist/index.htm
No Compromise – No Political Trading (1899) by Wilhelm Liebknecht
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/liebknecht-w/1899/nocomp/index.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZlYu23bMNhg
The Socialist Crisis in France (1901) by Rosa Luxemburg
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1901/socialist-crisis-france/index.htm
The Social Revolution (1902) by Karl Kautsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1902/socrev/
Socialist Reconstruction of Society (1905) by Daniel DeLeon
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/deleon/works/1905/050710.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yzF6QXNIWV0
The Foundations of Christianity (1908) by Karl Kautsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1908/christ/index.htm
The Accumulation of Capital (1913) by Rosa Luxemburg
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1913/accumulation-capital/
——————–
Anarcho-Communism
——————–
Advocates for abolishing the state, capitalism, and private ownership of the means of production in favor of decentralized, voluntary communes with common ownership and distribution "from each according to ability, to each according to need." Variants include Platformism, Syncreticism, and Magonism.
Tier 1
Catechism of a Revolutionary (1869) by Sergey Nechayev
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/subject/anarchism/nechayev/catechism.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7kviqQa6ZU
To Manual Workers, Supporters of Political Action (1876) by François Dumartheray
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/francois-dumartheray-to-manual-workers-supporters-of-political-action
Anarchy and Communism (1880) by Carlo Cafiero
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/carlo-cafiero-anarchy-and-communism
Our Revolution (1881) by Carlo Cafiero
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/cafiero/1881/our-revolution.html
A Word to Tramps (1884) by Lucy Parsons
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/lucy-e-parsons-to-tramps
Words of a Rebel (1885) by Peter Kropotkin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/kropotkin-peter/1885/words-of-a-rebel/index.html
I Am an Anarchist (1886) by Lucy Parsons
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/lucy-e-parsons-i-am-an-anarchist
Anarchy (1891) by Errico Malatesta
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/errico-malatesta-anarchy
Manifesto of the Mexican Liberal Party (1911) by Ricardo Flores Magón
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/subject/anarchism/ricardo-flores-magon/1911/manifesto-of-the-mexican-liberal-party.html
The Anarchist Synthesis (1927) by Sébastien Faure
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/sebastien-faure-the-anarchist-synthesis
A Project of Anarchist Organisation (1927) by Errico Malatesta
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/errico-malatesta-a-project-of-anarchist-organisation
The ABC of Communist Anarchism (1929) by Alexander Berkman
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/berkman/1929/what-is-communist-anarchism/index.html
Tier 2
Fields, Factories and Workshops (1899) by Peter Kropotkin
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/petr-kropotkin-fields-factories-and-workshops-or-industry-combined-with-agriculture-and-brain-w
At the Café: Conversations on Anarchism (1922) by Errico Malatesta
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/malatesta/1922/at-the-cafe/index.html
On Synthesis (1924) by Volin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/subject/anarchism/voline/1924/on-synthesis.html
The Struggle Against the State and Other Essays (1926) by Nestor Makhno
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/makhno-nestor/works/1926/struggle-against-the-state/index.html
Tier 3
The Conquest of Bread (1892) by Peter Kropotkin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/kropotkin-peter/1892/bread.htm
Mutual Aid (1902) by Peter Kropotkin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/kropotkin-peter/1902/mutual-aid/index.htm
History of the Makhnovist Movement (1918–1921) (1923) by Peter Arshinov
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/peter-arshinov-history-of-the-makhnovist-movement-1918-1921
The Russian Revolution in the Ukraine (1926) by Nestor Makhno
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/nestor-makhno-the-russian-revolution-in-the-ukraine
Organizational Platform of the General Union of Anarchists (Draft) (1926) by Various Authors
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/dielo-truda-workers-cause-organisational-platform-of-the-libertarian-communists
——————–
Leninism
——————–
Based on the works of Vladimir Lenin, argues for a disciplined vanguard party using democratic centralism to seize state power and establish a temporary dictatorship of the proletariat to lead the transition from capitalism to socialism.
Tier 1
What Is To Be Done? (1902) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1901/witbd/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-eCCtzsiXY
Revolutionary Adventurism (1902) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1902/sep/01.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovPbNQ9JqjA
Socialism and Religion (1905) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1905/dec/03.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKMlcPb1ttw
Three Source and Three Component Parts of Marxism (1913) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1913/mar/x01.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOAII71GaFY
The ABC of Communism (1920) by Nikolai Buhkarin & Evgenii Preobrazhensky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/works/1920/abc/index.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVVnjwBQHH0
Tier 2
Two Tactics of Social Democracy in the Democratic Revolution (1905) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1905/tactics/index.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQsWA4HCGuY
The Right of Nations to Self-Determination (1914) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1914/self-det/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0bbODqyoeM0
Imperialism and World Economy (1915) by Nikolai Bukharin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/works/1917/imperial/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13Uj5GE1h1U
The Proletarian Revolution and Renegade Kautsky (1918) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1918/prrk/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_IWmgY8k2A
“Left-Wing” Communism: an Infantile Disorder (1920) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1920/lwc/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wh84f8czc7g
Tier 3
Materialism and Empirio-Criticism (1909) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1908/mec/
Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism (1917) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1916/imp-hsc/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFtUKPPYmqk
The State and Revolution (1917) by Vladimir Lenin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1917/staterev/
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrfLQsyUYig
Historical Materialism: A System of Sociology (1921) by Nikolai Bukharin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/works/1921/histmat/index.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sr7o64hezwc
——————–
Syndicalism
——————–
Tendency that aims to replace capitalism and the state by organizing workers into trade-union syndicates using direct action, such as general strikes, in order to take control of production and self-manage the economy.
Tier 1
Anarchism and the Workers' Unions (1895) by Fernand Pelloutier
📖 · https://libcom.org/article/anarchism-and-workers-unions-fernand-pelloutier
Sabotage (1898) by Émile Pouget
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/pouget/1898/sabotage.htm
The General Strike (1911) by Bill Haywood
📖 · https://archive.iww.org/history/library/Haywood/GeneralStrike/
The Conscious Withdrawal of the Workers' Industrial Efficiency (1917) by Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/subject/women/authors/flynn/1917/sabotage.htm
Tier 2
Anarcho-Syndicalism: Theory and Practice (1938) by Rudolf Rocker
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/rudolf-rocker-anarchosyndicalism
One Big Union (2000) by the Industrial Workers of the World
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/industrial-workers-of-the-world-one-big-union
Tier 3
Industrial Socialism (1911) by Bill Haywood
📖 · https://archive.iww.org/history/library/Haywood/IndSocialism/
The Autobiography of Mother Jones (1925) by Mother Jones
📖 · https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/65079/pg65079-images.html
Anarchists in the Spanish Revolution (1990) by José Peirats
📖 · https://files.libcom.org/files/Peirats%20J.%20Anarchists%20in%20the%20Spanish%20Revolution.pdf
——————–
Marxism-Leninism
——————–
Institutionalized doctrine that fuses Marx’s theory with Lenin’s praxis as codified official party ideology, applying the idea of historical materialism to a practical program of revolutionary vanguardism and a state-led transition to socialism.
Tier 1
Dialectical and Historical Materialism (1938) by Joseph Stalin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1938/09.htm
The Path Which Led Me To Leninism (1960) by Ho Chi Minh
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/ho-chi-minh/works/1960/04/x01.htm
The Khruschevites (1976) by Enver Hoxha
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/1976/khruschevites/index.htm
Tier 2
Marxism and the National Question (1913) by Joseph Stalin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1913/03a.htm
Workers Manage Factories in Yugoslavia (1950) by Josip Broz Tito
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/tito/1950/06/26.htm
Marxism and Problems of Linguistics (1950) by Joseph Stalin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1950/jun/20.htm
History Will Absolve Me (1953) by Fidel Castro
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/history/cuba/archive/castro/1953/10/16.htm
Guerilla Warfare (1961) by Che Guevara
📖 · https://www.cheguevara.org/Guerrilla-Warfare.pdf
Eurocommunism is Anti-Communism (1980) by Enver Hoxha
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/euroco/env2-1.htm
Tier 3
Foundations of Leninism (1924) by Joseph Stalin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1924/foundations-leninism/
The People's Front (1938) by Earl Browder
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/browder/peoples-front/index.htm
Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR (1951) by Joseph Stalin
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1951/economic-problems/index.htm
Imperialism and the Revolution (1979) by Enver Hoxha
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/imp_rev/toc.htm
Revolution in Laos: Practice and Prospects (1981) by Kaysone Phomvihane
📖 · https://en.prolewiki.org/wiki/Library:Revolution_in_Laos
Women's Liberation and the African Freedom Struggle (1990) by Thomas Sankara
📖 · https://files.libcom.org/files/thomas-sankara-womens-liberation-and-the-african-freedom-struggle.pdf
——————–
Illegalism and Insurrectionary Anarchism
——————–
Both support propaganda of the deed as a method of revolutionary struggle, with Illegalism having roots in Individualist Anarchism while Insurrectionary Anarchism shares overlap with Anarcho-Communism.
Tier 1
A Letter from Mazas Prison (1886) by Clément Duval
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/clement-duval-a-letter-from-cleement-duval
Why I Was a Burglar (1905) by Marius Jacob
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/marius-jacob-why-i-was-a-burglar
Byzantinism and Limpness (1909) by Michel Antoine
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/michel-antoine-byzantinism-and-limpness
Is the Illegalist Anarchist Our Comrade? (1911) by Émile Armand
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/emile-armand-is-the-illegalist-anarchist-our-comrade
Two Lectures on the Bonnot Affair (1912) by Victor Serge
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/victor-serge-two-lectures-on-the-bonnot-affair
Tier 2
The Anarchism of Émile Armand (1907) by Émile Armand
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/emile-armand-the-anarchism-of-emile-armand
Toward the Creative Nothing (1924) by Renzo Novatore
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/renzo-novatore-toward-the-creative-nothing
The Principal of Organization to the Light of Anarchism (1927) by Luigi Galleani
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/luigi-galleani-the-principal-of-organization-to-the-light-of-anarchism
Armed Joy (1977) by Alfredo Bonnano
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/alfredo-m-bonanno-armed-joy
Tier 3
The Ego and Its Own (1844) by Max Stirner
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stirner/ego-and-its-own.htm
🎧 · https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBOex4R61Oo
Against War, Against Peace, For The Social Revolution (1914) by Luigi Galleani
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/luigi-galleani-against-war-against-peace-for-the-social-revolution
The End of Anarchism? (1925) by Luigi Galleani
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/luigi-galleani-the-end-of-anarchism
Anarchists Never Surrender (1938) by Victor Serge
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/victor-serge-anarchists-never-surrender
The Bonnot Gang (1987) by Richard Parry
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/richard-parry-the-bonnot-gang-the-story-of-the-french-illegalists
The Coming Insurrection (2007) by The Invisible Committee
📖 · https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/comite-invisible-the-coming-insurrection
——————–
Trotskyism
——————–
Based on Leon Trotsky's work, stresses permanent revolution, proletarian internationalism, and an opposition to bureaucratic degeneration.
Tier 1
The Lessons of October (1924) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1924/lessons/index.htm
The Transitional Program (1938) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1938/tp/
Their Morals and Ours (1938) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1938/morals/morals.htm
Fascism: What It Is and How to Fight It (1944) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/works/1944/1944-fas.htm
Tier 2
Terrorism and Communism (1920) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1920/terrcomm/index.htm
The Permanent Revolution and Results and Prospects (1930) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1931/tpr/index.htm
Tier 3
The Third International After Lenin (1928) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1928/3rd/index.htm
History of the Russian Revolution (1930) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1930/hrr/
The Revolution Betrayed (1936) by Leon Trotsky
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1936/revbet/
——————–
Anarcho-Pacificism
——————–
https://blogs.law.columbia.edu/uprising1313/files/2017/10/Civil-Disobedience-by-Henry-David-Thoreau.pdf
——————–
Maoism
——————–
Developed by Mao Zedong, argues for peasant-led revolution, protracted people’s war, mass mobilization, and adapting Marxist strategy to agrarian societies.
Tier 1
Analysis of The Classes In Chinese Society (1926) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_1.htm
Oppose Book Worship (1930) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-6/mswv6_11.htm
Be Concerned With the Well-Being of the Masses, Pay Attention to Methods of Work (1934) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_10.htm
Combat Liberalism (1937) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_03.htm
Serve The People (1944) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-3/mswv3_19.htm
Bombard The Headquarters (1966) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-9/mswv9_63.htm
Tier 2
On Contradiction (1937) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_17.htm
On Practice' (1937) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_16.htm
On Protracted War (1938) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_09.htm
On New Democracy (1940) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_26.htm
Tier 3
Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement In Hunan (1927) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_2.htm
On Guerrilla Warfare (1937) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/1937/guerrilla-warfare/
The Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party (1939) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_23.htm
On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People (1957) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-5/mswv5_58.htm
Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung (1964) by Mao Zedong
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/red-book/index.htm
——————–
Marxism-Leninism-Maoism
——————–
Treats Maoism as a higher stage of Marxism–Leninism, emphasizing peasant-led, protracted people’s war, the mass line, and continuing revolution to prevent bureaucratic degeneration.
Tier 1
On Gonzalo Thought (1988) by the Communist Party of Peru
📖 · https://michaelharrison.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/On-Gonzalo-Thought-1st-Congress.pdf
Marxism-Leninism-Maoism or Revisionism? (1990) by Prachanda
📖 · https://www.bannedthought.net/Nepal/Problems-Prospects/p_mlmor_revisionism.html
Tier 2
General Political Line (1988) by the Communist Party of Peru
📖 · https://bannedthought.net/Peru/CPP/Documents/GeneralPoliticalLineOfTheCommunistPartyOfPeru-1988-OCR.pdf
The Great Leap Forward: An Inevitable Need of History (2001) by the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
📖 · https://www.bannedthought.net/Nepal/Worker/Worker-07/GreatLeapForward-Prachanda-010200.htm
Hold High the Bright Red Banner of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism (2004) by the Communist Party of India (Maoist)
📖 · https://www.bannedthought.net/India/CPI-Maoist-Docs/Founding/MLM-pamphlet.pdf
Tier 3
On the Bourgeois-Democratic State (1961) by Abimael Guzmán
📖 · https://bannedthought.net/Peru/Gonzalo/Guzman-OnTheBourgeois-DemocraticState-1961-Thesis-OCR-sm.pdf
Philippine Society and Revolution (1970) by Amado Guerrero
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/history/philippines/cpp/guerrero/1970/psr.htm
Problems & Prospects of Revolution in Nepal (2004) by Prachanda and the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
📖 · https://bannedthought.net/Nepal/Problems-Prospects/index.htm
——————–
Socialism with Chinese Characteristics
——————–
Adapts and institutionalizes Marxism–Leninism to Chinese conditions by marrying one-party rule and state control of strategic sectors with market-oriented reforms to drive modernization.
Tier 1
Emancipate the Mind, Seek Truth From Facts and Unite As One In Looking to the Future (1978) by Deng Xiaoping
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1978/110.htm
Uphold the Four Cardinal Principles (1979) by Deng Xiaoping
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1979/115.htm
We Can Develop A Market Economy Under Socialism (1979) by Deng Xiaoping
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1979/152.htm
To Build Socialism We Must First Develop the Productive Forces (1980) by Deng Xiaoping
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1980/101.htm
Tier 2
On the Reform of the System of Party and State Leadership (1980) by Deng Xiaoping
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/deng-xiaoping/1980/220.htm
Tier 3
Build Socialism With Chinese Characteristics (1984) by Deng Xiaoping
📖 · https://www.bannedthought.net/China/Individuals/DengXiaoping/DengXiaoping-BuildSocialismWithChineseCharacteristics.pdf
On the “Three Represents” (2000) by Jiang Zemin
📖 · https://archive.org/details/JiangZeminThreeRepresents
Report to the 17th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (2007) by Hu Jintao
📖 · https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-10/24/content_6204564.htm
The Governance of China (2014) by Xi Jinping
📖 · https://www.bannedthought.net/China/Individuals/XiJinping/XiJinping-TheGovernanceOfChina.pdf
——————–
Maoism-Third Worldism
——————–
Blends Maoist strategy with Third-Worldist analysis, arguing the revolutionary proletariat is concentrated in oppressed (Global South) countries while much First-World labor is seen as privileged or comprador.
Tier 1
Long Live the Victory of People’s War! (1965) by Lin Bao
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/lin-biao/1965/09/peoples_war/index.htm
Message to the Tricontinental (1967) by Che Guevara
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/guevara/1967/04/16.htm
Tier 2
White-Settler Colonialism and the Myth of Investment Imperialism (1972) by Arghiri Emmanuel
📖 · https://pdfhost.io/v/QUJ7qnsaq_WhiteSettler_Colonialism_and_the_Myth_of_Investment_Imperialism
Unequal Development (1973) by Samir Amin
📖 · https://www.prisoncensorship.info/archive/books/Economics/UnequalDevelopment_SamirAmin.pdf
Foreign Trade and the Law of Value (1979) by Anwar Shaikh
📖 · https://sci-hub.ru/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40402184
📖 · https://sci-hub.ru/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40402218
Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat (1983) by J. Sakai
📖 · https://readsettlers.org/text-index.html
Eurocentrism (1989) by Samir Amin
📖 · https://contrapoder.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/08.-AMIN.pdf
The Wealth of (Some) Nations (2019) by Zak Cope
📖 · https://leftypol.org/edu/src/1655353202103-0.pdf
Tier 3
Accumulation on a World Scale (1971) by Samir Amin
📖 · https://annas-archive.org/md5/89ae1cfad31b7ba8d06acbdba571f721
Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade (1972) by Arghiri Emmanuel
📖 · https://www.prisoncensorship.info/archive/books/Economics/UnequalExchange_ArghiriEmmanuel.pdf
Delinking: Towards a Polycentric World (1986) by Samir Amin
📖 · https://libgen.gl/edition.php?id=138497885
Divided World, Divided Class (2012) by Zak Cope
📖 · https://www.prisoncensorship.info/archive/books/Economics/DividedWorldDividedClass_ZakCope.pdf
——————–
Juche
——————–
The official state ideology of North Korea, stressing political independence, economic self-sufficiency, self-defense, and the central role of the leader in guiding the nation.
Tier 1
For the Establishment of a United Party of the Working Masses (1946) by Kim Il Sung
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/1946/08/29.pdf
On the Occasion of the Founding of the Korean People’s Army (1948) by Kim Il Sung
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/1948/02/08.pdf
On Eliminating Dogmatism and Formalism and Establishing Juche in Ideological Work (1955) by Kim Il Sung
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/1955/12/28.htm
Ten Principles for the Establishment of a Monolithic Ideological System (1974) by Kim Il Sung
📖 · https://www2.law.columbia.edu/course_00S_L9436_001/North%20Korea%20materials/10%20principles%20of%20juche.html
The Juche Idea is an Idea that Has Inherited and Developed the Progressive Ideologies of Mankind (1986) by Kim Jong Il
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/The-Juche-Idea-Is-An-Idea-That-Has-Inherited-And-Developed-The-Progressive-Ideologies-Of-Mankind.pdf
Ours is the Socialism of Juche (1994) by Kim Il Sung
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/1994/04/16.pdf
The Democratic People's Republic of Korea is a Juche-Oriented Socialist State with Invincible Might (2008) by Kim Jong Il
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/The-Democratic-Peoples-Republic-Of-Korea-Is-A-Juche-Oriented-Socialist-State-With-Invincible-Might.pdf
Let Us March Forward Dynamically Towards Final Victory, Holding Higher the Banner of Songun (2012) by Kim Jong Un
📖 · http://www.korean-books.com.kp/KBMbooks/en/work/leader3/1201.pdf
Tier 2
On the Juche Idea (1982) by Kim Jong Il
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/On-The-Juche-Idea.pdf
Our Socialism Centred on the Masses Shall Not Perish (1991) by Kim Jong Il
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-jong-il/works/Our-Socialism-Centred-On-The-Masses-Shall-Not-Perish.pdf
Tier 3
On Juche in Our Revolution (1975) by Kim Il Sung
📖 · https://archive.org/details/KimJucheRevolutionVol1
——————–
Italian Left-Communism
——————–
Insisting on strict Marxist orthodoxy, rejecting parliamentarism, reformist trade unions and united fronts, while promoting a revolutionary, party-centered alternative to both social democracy and Marxism-Leninism.
Tier 1
Party and Class (1921) by Amadeo Bordiga
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1921/party-class.htm
Bourgeois Violence and Proletarian Defence (1946) by Onorato Damen
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/damen/1946/bourgeois-violence.htm
Proletarian Dictatorship and Class Party (1951) by Amadeo Bordiga
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1951/class-party.htm
Centralised Party, Yes – Centralism over the Party, No! (1951) by Onorato Damen
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/damen/1951/centralised.htm
Tier 2
Party and Class Action (1921) by Amadeo Bordiga
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1921/classact.htm
The Democratic Principle (1922) by Amadeo Bordiga
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1922/democratic-principle.htm
The Lyons Theses (1926) by Amadeo Bordiga
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1926/lyons-theses.htm
The Communist Left in the Third International (1926) by Amadeo Bordiga
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1926/comintern.htm
Dialogue with Stalin (1952) by Amadeo Bordiga
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1952/stalin.htm
We Defend the Italian Left (1966) by Onorato Damen
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/damen/1966/defend.htm
Tier 3
The Fundamentals for a Marxist Orientation (1946) by Amadeo Bordiga
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1946/orientation.htm
Bordiga — Beyond the Myth and the Rhetoric (1970) by Onorato Damen
📖 · https://www.leftcom.org/files/2018-10-02-damen-bordiga.pdf
——————–
Council Communism
——————–
Favors workers’ councils as the basis of proletarian power and organization as opposed to vanguard party centralism, arguing for direct, self-managed, council-based socialism.
Tier 1
World Revolution and Communist Tactics (1920) by Anton Pannekoek
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1920/communist-tactics.htm
The Revolution Is Not A Party Affair (1920) by Otto Rühle
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/ruhle/1920/ruhle02.htm
The Lenin Legend (1935) by Paul Mattick
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/mattick-paul/1935/lenin-legend.htm
Why Past Revolutionary Movements Have Failed (1940) by Anton Pannekoek
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1940/revo.htm
The Party and Class (1941) by Anton Pannekoek
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1941/party-class.htm
The Failure of the Working Class (1946) by Anton Pannekoek
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1946/failure-working-class.htm
Tier 2
Imperialism, the World War and Social Democracy (1914) by Herman Gorter
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/gorter/1914/imperialism.htm
The World Revolution (1918) by Herman Gorter
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/gorter/1918/world-revolution.htm
Report from Moscow (1920) by Otto Rühle
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/ruhle/1920/ruhle01.htm
Lenin As Philosopher (1938) by Anton Pannekoek
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1938/lenin/index.htm
The Struggle Against Fascism Begins with the Struggle Against Bolshevism (1939) by Otto Rühle
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/ruhle/1939/ruhle01.htm
Spontaneity and Organisation (1949) by Paul Mattick
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/mattick-paul/1949/spontaneity.htm
Tier 3
An Open Letter to Comrade Lenin (1920) by Herman Gorter
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/gorter/1920/open-letter.htm
Workers' Councils (1942) by Anton Pannekoek
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1947/workers-councils.htm
Marx and Keynes: The Limits of the Mixed Economy (1969) by Paul Mattick
📖 · https://www.marxists.org/archive/mattick-paul/1969/marx-keynes/index.htm
Anti-Bolshevik Communism (1978) by Paul Mattick
📖 · https://files.libcom.org/files/paul-mattick-anti-bolshevik-communism-2007_0.pdf
——————–
Frankfurt School
——————–
——————–
Neo-Marxism
——————–
——————–
Post-Marxism
——————–
R: 178 / I: 37
Discuss anything related to:
>Algeria
>Angola
>Benin
>Botswana
>Burkina Faso
>Burundi
>Cabo Verde
>Cameroon
>Central African Republic (CAR)
>Chad
>Comoros
>Congo, Democratic Republic of the
>Congo, Republic of the
>Cote d’Ivoire
>Djibouti
>Egypt
>Equatorial Guinea
>Eritrea
>Eswatini
>Ethiopia
>Gabon
>Gambia
>Ghana
>Guinea
>Guinea-Bissau
>Kenya
>Lesotho
>Liberia
>Libya
>Madagascar
>Malawi
>Mali
>Mauritania
>Mauritius
>Morocco
>Mozambique
>Namibia
>Niger
>Nigeria
>Rwanda
>Sao Tome and Principe
>Senegal
>Seychelles
>Sierra Leone
>Somalia
>South Africa
>South Sudan
>Sudan
>Tanzania
>Togo
>Tunisia
>Uganda
>Zambia
>Zimbabwe
/Africa/
A thread for the forgotten continent, so forgotten the thread got wiped.Discuss anything related to:
>Algeria
>Angola
>Benin
>Botswana
>Burkina Faso
>Burundi
>Cabo Verde
>Cameroon
>Central African Republic (CAR)
>Chad
>Comoros
>Congo, Democratic Republic of the
>Congo, Republic of the
>Cote d’Ivoire
>Djibouti
>Egypt
>Equatorial Guinea
>Eritrea
>Eswatini
>Ethiopia
>Gabon
>Gambia
>Ghana
>Guinea
>Guinea-Bissau
>Kenya
>Lesotho
>Liberia
>Libya
>Madagascar
>Malawi
>Mali
>Mauritania
>Mauritius
>Morocco
>Mozambique
>Namibia
>Niger
>Nigeria
>Rwanda
>Sao Tome and Principe
>Senegal
>Seychelles
>Sierra Leone
>Somalia
>South Africa
>South Sudan
>Sudan
>Tanzania
>Togo
>Tunisia
>Uganda
>Zambia
>Zimbabwe
R: 25 / I: 7
if you are truly a communist you believe in one world goverment and have no shame in saying so, nations are fake, race is fake, culture evolves and the next step of evolution is consolidation of all goverments and peoples.
if you feel like the mixing of all cultures is wrong those are reactionary feelings that you need to examine and deal with, the same for any belief in 'sovereignty'. also, squids are cool as fuck.
if you are truly a communist you believe in one world goverment and have no shame in saying so, nations are fake, race is fake, culture evolves and the next step of evolution is consolidation of all goverments and peoples.
if you feel like the mixing of all cultures is wrong those are reactionary feelings that you need to examine and deal with, the same for any belief in 'sovereignty'. also, squids are cool as fuck.
R: 85 / I: 4
(i) being exists. therefore the greatest being exists.
(ii) the greatest being is God. therefore, God exists.
i dont think its a bad argument, except that we only presuppose God to be the greatest being. as i have previously shown, God cannot be good, so the good must be higher than god - further, if God is not the highest being, then why call him God? so then, we can make an ontological argument against God by appealing to a higher being, rather than a non-being.
ontological argument against God.
the standard ontological argument for God:(i) being exists. therefore the greatest being exists.
(ii) the greatest being is God. therefore, God exists.
i dont think its a bad argument, except that we only presuppose God to be the greatest being. as i have previously shown, God cannot be good, so the good must be higher than god - further, if God is not the highest being, then why call him God? so then, we can make an ontological argument against God by appealing to a higher being, rather than a non-being.
R: 24 / I: 7
chuds have anonymous bbcholic self-help groups 💀💀💀
chuds have anonymous bbcholic self-help groups 💀💀💀
R: 22 / I: 3 (sage)
The non-westoids have nothing to lose but their chains.
They have a world to win.
Anti Imperialists of the world, Unite!
Anti-Imperialism thread
Let the ruling Elites LGBT-westoids tremble at an anti-imperialism reckoning .The non-westoids have nothing to lose but their chains.
They have a world to win.
Anti Imperialists of the world, Unite!
R: 132 / I: 51 >>1950708
PARTIES:
>https://communist-party.ca/
>https://cpcml.ca/
>https://www.marxist.ca/
Fuck flood detection
>https://ncpc-npcc.ca/
>https://www.democraticsocialists.ca/
>https://iww.ca/
>https://socialistaction.ca/
NEWS:
>https://pvonline.ca/
>https://springmag.ca/
>https://canadiandimension.com/
Canada Thread 2: People's Republic of Carney
Previous thread:PARTIES:
>https://communist-party.ca/
>https://cpcml.ca/
>https://www.marxist.ca/
Fuck flood detection
>https://ncpc-npcc.ca/
>https://www.democraticsocialists.ca/
>https://iww.ca/
>https://socialistaction.ca/
NEWS:
>https://pvonline.ca/
>https://springmag.ca/
>https://canadiandimension.com/
R: 400 / I: 41
You must answer the question to make a new thread. See the last field.
The body was too short or empty.
/leftybritpol/ - Public Divorce edition
Couldn't organise a piss up in a brewery.You must answer the question to make a new thread. See the last field.
The body was too short or empty.
R: 141 / I: 37 (sticky)
This takes effect as of now, August 16, 2025. Please take note.
Spoilering NSFW images
For compliance reasons, the moderation team has voted to MANDATE spoilering all NSFW images, site-wide.This takes effect as of now, August 16, 2025. Please take note.
R: 65 / I: 3
Probably my most "Idpol" opinion is that on some subconscious level, people pay more attention to what’s happening in Palestine partly because Palestinians are perceived as more Caucasian or white-adjacent compared with the victims of crises in places like Sudan, Myanmar, or Somalia. Again I don’t think most people make this distinction intentionally or out of active racism, it’s just a bias that many groups, including white people and Arabs across the political spectrum, end up participating in without realizing it.
Probably my most "Idpol" opinion is that on some subconscious level, people pay more attention to what’s happening in Palestine partly because Palestinians are perceived as more Caucasian or white-adjacent compared with the victims of crises in places like Sudan, Myanmar, or Somalia. Again I don’t think most people make this distinction intentionally or out of active racism, it’s just a bias that many groups, including white people and Arabs across the political spectrum, end up participating in without realizing it.
R: 4 / I: 0
Are women bourgeoisie?
Are women bourgeoisie?
R: 18 / I: 1
How video essayists feel when you've reached the 3 hour mark and they drop the
>Actuallly…. I've lied to you this entire time
How video essayists feel when you've reached the 3 hour mark and they drop the
>Actuallly…. I've lied to you this entire time
R: 0 / I: 0
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-15356455/portland-jury-acquit-black-man-stabbed-white-victim-racial-slur.html [https://archive.is/bKTDi]
>A black man was acquitted of stabbing a white man in Oregon after he claimed the attack was self-defense because the victim called him a racial slur.
>However, he was found not guilty of the crime on October 31 after the jury learned the victim was using racial slurs in the aftermath of the altercation.
amerikkkans wtf….
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-15356455/portland-jury-acquit-black-man-stabbed-white-victim-racial-slur.html [https://archive.is/bKTDi]
>A black man was acquitted of stabbing a white man in Oregon after he claimed the attack was self-defense because the victim called him a racial slur.
>However, he was found not guilty of the crime on October 31 after the jury learned the victim was using racial slurs in the aftermath of the altercation.
amerikkkans wtf….
R: 14 / I: 4
Leftypol… apologize. Admit you were wrong about her.
Leftypol… apologize. Admit you were wrong about her.
R: 25 / I: 5
Gen z and fascism on social media
It's old news that fascism is on the rise but I can't be the only one that is suspecting there's a deliberate push by social media companies at this point? Twitter might be obvious but I'm also seeing more and more things on places like youtube getting tons of views that wouldn't have been allowed to stay up a couple years ago, picrel for example. Instagram reels being full of nazi content and its comment sections being bombarded with racism is something that's become infamous but that seemed to have happened almost overnight.
R: 19 / I: 3
The non-westoids have nothing to lose but their chains.
They have a world to win.
Anti Imperialists of the world, Unite!
Anti-Imperialism thread
Let the ruling Elites LGBT-westoids tremble at an anti-imperialism reckoning .The non-westoids have nothing to lose but their chains.
They have a world to win.
Anti Imperialists of the world, Unite!
R: 13 / I: 1
How do I cope with the fact that i'm probably genderfluid?
For years now ive constantly been conflicted with my gender, wanting to be a girl but also wanting to just be a femboy. Ive been told by many that im likely some type of non-binary, but I dont want to be. I just either want to be either a normal trans girl or a femboy, but if I identify as genderfluid then I fear that people wont see me as a real transgirl or as a real femboy, so it would be like I just dont get to be either.
God, whats wrong with me? Why couldnt I have just been born as a normal gender-binary-fitting person? I dont want to be genderfluid.
How do I cope with the fact that i'm probably genderfluid?
For years now ive constantly been conflicted with my gender, wanting to be a girl but also wanting to just be a femboy. Ive been told by many that im likely some type of non-binary, but I dont want to be. I just either want to be either a normal trans girl or a femboy, but if I identify as genderfluid then I fear that people wont see me as a real transgirl or as a real femboy, so it would be like I just dont get to be either.
God, whats wrong with me? Why couldnt I have just been born as a normal gender-binary-fitting person? I dont want to be genderfluid.
R: 5 / I: 0
I would edit PragerU videos in CapCut and text them to my friends, so I decided to compile all of them together and post them here as a gift to this website :) the worst part is that I screen record these videos so I have to sit through an entire PragerU video to get the file, but at least no one can say I refuse to here the other’s argument.
I made a half-hour long PragerU shit-post!
I made a half-hour long PragerU shit-post!I would edit PragerU videos in CapCut and text them to my friends, so I decided to compile all of them together and post them here as a gift to this website :) the worst part is that I screen record these videos so I have to sit through an entire PragerU video to get the file, but at least no one can say I refuse to here the other’s argument.
R: 40 / I: 4
you'd think being slightly more marginalized despite being in a first world country would make you at least a bit less of a bitch but it's like ya'll really just wanna fit the annoying white woman mold so much it's unreal you still wanna act like you own the queer community.
i don't want to believe in optics, but ya'll legitimately make being a transhumanist in the third world so much fucking worse in every way.
and no wonder /tttt/ thrives with how fucking milquetoast a bunch of you are yet go around with radlib talking points with next to no sense of class consciousness.
seriously the 2 sides of the white transexual are either annoying r/traa radlib or racist r/4tran grifter?
it has legitimately made me rep at times and it hurts, and i'm not even in the US.
White transexuals
why are white trans women such petty pieces of shit?you'd think being slightly more marginalized despite being in a first world country would make you at least a bit less of a bitch but it's like ya'll really just wanna fit the annoying white woman mold so much it's unreal you still wanna act like you own the queer community.
i don't want to believe in optics, but ya'll legitimately make being a transhumanist in the third world so much fucking worse in every way.
and no wonder /tttt/ thrives with how fucking milquetoast a bunch of you are yet go around with radlib talking points with next to no sense of class consciousness.
seriously the 2 sides of the white transexual are either annoying r/traa radlib or racist r/4tran grifter?
it has legitimately made me rep at times and it hurts, and i'm not even in the US.
R: 5 / I: 7
>trump is pro-small car like any sane person should be
>dems instantly start shitting on vehicles like kei trucks, claiming they're unsafe and scary and joking that liking small cars is proof trump has a small dick
Ok, I officially want Dems to lose again in 2028
>trump is pro-small car like any sane person should be
>dems instantly start shitting on vehicles like kei trucks, claiming they're unsafe and scary and joking that liking small cars is proof trump has a small dick
Ok, I officially want Dems to lose again in 2028
R: 461 / I: 112
>Third Heaven Edition
Previous Thread Archives
#1 https://archive.ph/4Dq3L
#2 https://archive.ph/sntTt
Previous thread: >>2539692
Thread in which we discuss the latest aggression-based-on-lies by the USA against a country which did not attack it.
🇻🇪/US-Venezuela war/ #3🇻🇪
/US-Venezuela war/ #3>Third Heaven Edition
Previous Thread Archives
#1 https://archive.ph/4Dq3L
#2 https://archive.ph/sntTt
Previous thread: >>2539692
Thread in which we discuss the latest aggression-based-on-lies by the USA against a country which did not attack it.
R: 27 / I: 6
as non-murican i never understood how does some states in america, concervative "red" ones speak of family values or good old modest days or all american traditional TRAD sports while simultanously having cheerleaders in almost all national sports that dress scantly like this and dance like professional strippers while pulling gymnastique and risqué moves. like how do you complain about the lgbt and modern female gen z slutty dressing when you had this in your sports as the secular trad norm since the 70s? only sound argument i read was "they come from well-brought families and have degrees, they're doing it for the school and sport, and train hard to be attractive and feminine so its kosher and trad" reasonable enough even if it means every sport event will have that one guy with binoculars eyeing cheerleaders which is christian af
as non-murican i never understood how does some states in america, concervative "red" ones speak of family values or good old modest days or all american traditional TRAD sports while simultanously having cheerleaders in almost all national sports that dress scantly like this and dance like professional strippers while pulling gymnastique and risqué moves. like how do you complain about the lgbt and modern female gen z slutty dressing when you had this in your sports as the secular trad norm since the 70s? only sound argument i read was "they come from well-brought families and have degrees, they're doing it for the school and sport, and train hard to be attractive and feminine so its kosher and trad" reasonable enough even if it means every sport event will have that one guy with binoculars eyeing cheerleaders which is christian af
R: 88 / I: 12
No se si hayan muchos compañeros chilenos por estos lares y menos que quieran hablar de la telenovela que es nuestra política, pero no creo que haga daño tener un hilo para hablar de ello, o realmente de cualquier otra weá que tenga relacion con nuestro país.
/cl/ - Chile General
El mejor thread de ChileNo se si hayan muchos compañeros chilenos por estos lares y menos que quieran hablar de la telenovela que es nuestra política, pero no creo que haga daño tener un hilo para hablar de ello, o realmente de cualquier otra weá que tenga relacion con nuestro país.
R: 139 / I: 30
Sex and Relationships General #55
Previous thread >>720210
R: 1 / I: 1
If the left, whether marxists, anarchists, the DSA, or CPUSA, actually won after the collapse, how would the social revolution really unfold and how would they fix the generational capitalist conditioning. Netherless how the new society would be organized politically.
I feel the need to ask this because this site talks a lot about the coming collapse but doesn't really talk about how it would be organized afterwards.
America post-revolution
Lets say in 2028 The second american civil war broke out because the election oreconomic collapse, and it was a muti factional civil war.If the left, whether marxists, anarchists, the DSA, or CPUSA, actually won after the collapse, how would the social revolution really unfold and how would they fix the generational capitalist conditioning. Netherless how the new society would be organized politically.
I feel the need to ask this because this site talks a lot about the coming collapse but doesn't really talk about how it would be organized afterwards.
R: 46 / I: 12
How many women do you think schlurked it to the thought of you?
How many women do you think schlurked it to the thought of you?
R: 22 / I: 5
General Relativity?
Quantum Mechanics?
Quantum Gravity?
M Theory?
???
No teleology answers.
Dear fucking materialists
Which is the real and correct way of material analysis?General Relativity?
Quantum Mechanics?
Quantum Gravity?
M Theory?
???
No teleology answers.
R: 129 / I: 53
What are you playing general
Post in this thread every time you play a new game and rate it, I'll start, currently playing Dread Dawn, pretty jank and honestly not that good but I'm desperate for more zombie games to wait until PZ 42 comes out. 6/10.
R: 281 / I: 53
Previous Thread:
>>618934
LGBT+ General 3
MadoHomu Exedra editionPrevious Thread:
R: 12 / I: 1
Overview of the Historical Formation of the Haitian Nation
2nd Edition
Editor's Note
Les Éditions DAMI is pleased to present to the public, more than fifty years after the first edition, the re-edition of the book Overview of the Historical Formation of the Haitian Nation as it was written by Étienne D. Charlier in 1954. This book is an essential work for anyone who wants to understand the historical foundations of the Haitian Nation.
May the youth find answers here to their questions and reflect powerfully on the History of our country.
Our thanks go to Mrs. Ghislaine Rey Charlier, widow of Etienne D. Charlier, and to her sons André and Max, for the confidence shown in Les Éditions DAMI and for all the documents and information provided.
—Les Éditions DAMI Montreal, August 2009
Biography of the Author
Étienne Charlier was born in Aquin on June 12, 1904. Son of Danton Charlier and Gervrine Girault, both originally from l'Anse-à-Veau. Upon the death of his mother in 1906, Étienne was adopted by the couple Numa Cassy, whose wife was born Louise Charlier, who brought him to l'Anse-à-Veau. He remained there until September 1916. His studies, which began at the École Nationale de l'Anse-à-Veau, continued the same year in Port-au-Prince at the Petit Séminaire Collège St-Martial. Equipped with his second part baccalaureate, he entered the Port-au-Prince Law School directed by Dean Léon Nau. He obtained his law degree in 1927. He took an active part in the founding of la Nouvelle Ronde, which he managed after Antonio Vieux until the review ceased publication in April 1926.
He left for the Northern United States in September 1928 where he continued his legal studies at Columbia University. Then he went to Paris (France) in 1929, where he began a Doctorate in Law. He defended his thesis, On the arrangement of the principle of individual Freedom of Labor in French Law on May 30, 1932, at the Faculty of Law in Paris.
He returned to his native country in September of the same year, delivering lectures on the Planned Economy, an idea which he vigorously supported. He befriended Jacques Roumain and his group, of which he was a member. He published a pamphlet for an anti-fascist conference entitled Fascism and Nazism or Scientific Socialism, which he had been unable to deliver at the Port-au-Prince Law School premises as a member of the Association of Law Students following a ministerial decision prohibiting the use of that location for conferences that were not strictly legal (1934).
Étienne Charlier actively opposed the dictatorship of Sténio Vincent. Nearly a year after Élie Lescot’s accession to the presidency of the Republic, he was appointed professor at the National Law School of Port-au-Prince, where he was inaugurated on February 27, 1942. He taught Private International Law first, then Civil Procedure until January 9, 1946, the date he submitted his resignation in solidarity with the general strike and student-led political protest movement. He was one of the principal leaders of this movement, being one of the leading figures of the Democratic Front. Clandestinely founded in April 1945, it was a major force in the overthrow of the dictatorship. He was part of the Public Safety Committee which reconstituted itself as the Unified Democratic Front upon the announcement of Élie Lescot’s resignation on January 11, 1946. He collaborated with the newspaper La Nation upon the resumption of its publication by Max L. Hudicourt on January 22, 1946. He is one of the signatories of the Act of Constitution of the Popular Socialist Party (P.S.P.) and a member of the first provisional bureau of this party. For the P.S.P., he ran a campaign for Senate in the general elections of 1946, which he lost.
He was reinstated at the National Law School of Port-au-Prince by the Military Executive Committee.
He is one of the signatories for the P.S.P. of the manifesto of the National Defense Committee, which earned him 15 days in prison and his dismissal as a professor in May-June 1946. He continued to militantly serve in the P.S.P. and in the party's organ, La Nation, as manager or director. He served as Secretary of the P.S.P. from March 1, 1947, to December 27, 1950, the day the Party was banned. A practicing lawyer at the Port-au-Prince Bar, he wrote several articles for the inter-union newspaper “Auberge”.
Étienne Charlier was one of the leaders of the fight against the dictatorship of Paul Magloire and of the general strike that forced the latter to leave the country. After the fall of Magloire, he fought for the establishment of a democratic government and wrote numerous articles in the newspapers of the time. He was a Founding Member of the Haitian Democratic Alliance, a Member of the Steering Committee of the Alliance and its newspaper l'Haïtien libéré.
Arrested in November 1957, he spent 37 days in prison at "Jolibois”. He had to hide four times thereafter; the last time from November 22 to December 22, 1960.
Étienne Charlier died suddenly on December 27, 1960.
Overview of the Historical Formation of the Haitian Nation
I'm presently working on a translation of "Overview of the Historical Formation of the Haitian Nation" or "Aperçu sur la Formation Historique de la Nation Haïtienne''. This is considered one of the definitive works on Haitian history, written by Haitian communist Étienne Charlier. As far as I'm aware it has never been publicly archived or translated into english before. I might post more sporadically as I go.Overview of the Historical Formation of the Haitian Nation
2nd Edition
Editor's Note
Les Éditions DAMI is pleased to present to the public, more than fifty years after the first edition, the re-edition of the book Overview of the Historical Formation of the Haitian Nation as it was written by Étienne D. Charlier in 1954. This book is an essential work for anyone who wants to understand the historical foundations of the Haitian Nation.
May the youth find answers here to their questions and reflect powerfully on the History of our country.
Our thanks go to Mrs. Ghislaine Rey Charlier, widow of Etienne D. Charlier, and to her sons André and Max, for the confidence shown in Les Éditions DAMI and for all the documents and information provided.
—Les Éditions DAMI Montreal, August 2009
Biography of the Author
Étienne Charlier was born in Aquin on June 12, 1904. Son of Danton Charlier and Gervrine Girault, both originally from l'Anse-à-Veau. Upon the death of his mother in 1906, Étienne was adopted by the couple Numa Cassy, whose wife was born Louise Charlier, who brought him to l'Anse-à-Veau. He remained there until September 1916. His studies, which began at the École Nationale de l'Anse-à-Veau, continued the same year in Port-au-Prince at the Petit Séminaire Collège St-Martial. Equipped with his second part baccalaureate, he entered the Port-au-Prince Law School directed by Dean Léon Nau. He obtained his law degree in 1927. He took an active part in the founding of la Nouvelle Ronde, which he managed after Antonio Vieux until the review ceased publication in April 1926.
He left for the Northern United States in September 1928 where he continued his legal studies at Columbia University. Then he went to Paris (France) in 1929, where he began a Doctorate in Law. He defended his thesis, On the arrangement of the principle of individual Freedom of Labor in French Law on May 30, 1932, at the Faculty of Law in Paris.
He returned to his native country in September of the same year, delivering lectures on the Planned Economy, an idea which he vigorously supported. He befriended Jacques Roumain and his group, of which he was a member. He published a pamphlet for an anti-fascist conference entitled Fascism and Nazism or Scientific Socialism, which he had been unable to deliver at the Port-au-Prince Law School premises as a member of the Association of Law Students following a ministerial decision prohibiting the use of that location for conferences that were not strictly legal (1934).
Étienne Charlier actively opposed the dictatorship of Sténio Vincent. Nearly a year after Élie Lescot’s accession to the presidency of the Republic, he was appointed professor at the National Law School of Port-au-Prince, where he was inaugurated on February 27, 1942. He taught Private International Law first, then Civil Procedure until January 9, 1946, the date he submitted his resignation in solidarity with the general strike and student-led political protest movement. He was one of the principal leaders of this movement, being one of the leading figures of the Democratic Front. Clandestinely founded in April 1945, it was a major force in the overthrow of the dictatorship. He was part of the Public Safety Committee which reconstituted itself as the Unified Democratic Front upon the announcement of Élie Lescot’s resignation on January 11, 1946. He collaborated with the newspaper La Nation upon the resumption of its publication by Max L. Hudicourt on January 22, 1946. He is one of the signatories of the Act of Constitution of the Popular Socialist Party (P.S.P.) and a member of the first provisional bureau of this party. For the P.S.P., he ran a campaign for Senate in the general elections of 1946, which he lost.
He was reinstated at the National Law School of Port-au-Prince by the Military Executive Committee.
He is one of the signatories for the P.S.P. of the manifesto of the National Defense Committee, which earned him 15 days in prison and his dismissal as a professor in May-June 1946. He continued to militantly serve in the P.S.P. and in the party's organ, La Nation, as manager or director. He served as Secretary of the P.S.P. from March 1, 1947, to December 27, 1950, the day the Party was banned. A practicing lawyer at the Port-au-Prince Bar, he wrote several articles for the inter-union newspaper “Auberge”.
Étienne Charlier was one of the leaders of the fight against the dictatorship of Paul Magloire and of the general strike that forced the latter to leave the country. After the fall of Magloire, he fought for the establishment of a democratic government and wrote numerous articles in the newspapers of the time. He was a Founding Member of the Haitian Democratic Alliance, a Member of the Steering Committee of the Alliance and its newspaper l'Haïtien libéré.
Arrested in November 1957, he spent 37 days in prison at "Jolibois”. He had to hide four times thereafter; the last time from November 22 to December 22, 1960.
Étienne Charlier died suddenly on December 27, 1960.
R: 45 / I: 29
Rate my laptop, bros
Rate my laptop, bros
R: 208 / I: 11
>"I shouldn't be shamed for not living up to capitalist society's expectations of me, I should be allowed to be my authentic self without being criticized and I shouldn't have to change myself based on some arbitrary capitalist standard"
This seems to be the sentiment that dominates the minds of zoomers and most millennials that drives them towards the left whether we want to admit it or not. This is what makes a lot of younger people under 40 embrace anti-capitalist politics, question social norms that are the superstructure of modern capitalism, become anti-eugenics, embrace new identity groups, and so on. Look no further than Tumblr from the mid 2010s or TikTok today. My question is, why haven't any communist or socialist parties been able to gather these types of people up? The DSA's entire strategy is simply economistic "healthcare and unions" babble that they weaponize to push the Democrats further to the left. Yet we shouldn't forget that the millennial left (namely, the people who participated in the anti-war movement in the 2000s and Occupy in 2011-12) all folded into DSA by the end of the 2010s. So why can't the DSA bring in those frustrated zoomers from TikTok, the ones who make videos on queerness and unmasking autism and mental health and why nearly all romantic relationships are inherently predatory or whatever? Maybe if the people on that platform were in a political party they'd have actual pragmatic political goals.
>"I shouldn't be shamed for not living up to capitalist society's expectations of me, I should be allowed to be my authentic self without being criticized and I shouldn't have to change myself based on some arbitrary capitalist standard"
This seems to be the sentiment that dominates the minds of zoomers and most millennials that drives them towards the left whether we want to admit it or not. This is what makes a lot of younger people under 40 embrace anti-capitalist politics, question social norms that are the superstructure of modern capitalism, become anti-eugenics, embrace new identity groups, and so on. Look no further than Tumblr from the mid 2010s or TikTok today. My question is, why haven't any communist or socialist parties been able to gather these types of people up? The DSA's entire strategy is simply economistic "healthcare and unions" babble that they weaponize to push the Democrats further to the left. Yet we shouldn't forget that the millennial left (namely, the people who participated in the anti-war movement in the 2000s and Occupy in 2011-12) all folded into DSA by the end of the 2010s. So why can't the DSA bring in those frustrated zoomers from TikTok, the ones who make videos on queerness and unmasking autism and mental health and why nearly all romantic relationships are inherently predatory or whatever? Maybe if the people on that platform were in a political party they'd have actual pragmatic political goals.
R: 24 / I: 3
Flat Earth Rap Animation
Under soviet rule these people would have been put into psychiatric clinics but now they're allowed to share their mental illness making animations and music videos. The west is falling into madness.
R: 73 / I: 13
Smiling friends is the only show right now that makes me happy
I wish they could just dedicate more of their time to it, have more frequent episodes and stuff, make it like a simpsons kind of thing. Everything else on adult swim is trash, I just want more smiling friends, I'd really appreciate if they just cut off the other projects and focused more on smiling friends.
R: 521 / I: 155
🇵🇸 PREVIOUSLY ON THE HOLY LAND 🇵🇸
>>2442214
————————
🚨 Live Happenings/Updates 🚨
Sites that have active live-blogs:
• Al-Jazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/
• Middle East Eye: https://www.middleeasteye.net/israel-palestine-hamas-war-gaza-live-invasion
• The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/world/palestinian-territories
• Times of Israel: https://www.timesofisrael.com/topic/liveblog/ (trigger warning)
—————————————————–————————
WIKI
Our own wiki. Be sure to add to it and create branching articles:
https://wiki.leftypol.org/wiki/2023_Israel–Gaza_war
—————————————————–————————
🗣️ RECOMMENDED SITES ✍️
• https://electronicintifada.net
From the UK, single issue long time Palestinian investigative and general reporting, critical source
• https://mondoweiss.net/
From the USA
• https://new.thecradle.co/
Regional news from an anti-imperialist perspective
• https://www.btselem.org/Isrsaeli
Premier Human Rights org
• https://www.972mag.com/
Left news and opinion webzine from Tel-Aviv
• https://decolonizepalestine.com/
A collection of resources for organizers and anyone who wants to learn more about Palestine
• https://www.normanfinkelstein.com/blogs/
Known anti-zionist academic Norman Finkelstein's blog
—————————————————————————
💣🔫RESISTANCE💣🔫
al-Qassam Brigades
https://en.alqassam.ps/
PFLP
http://pflp.ps/
—————————————————–————————
📺 WATCH TOGETHER 📺
https://tv.leftypol.org/r/LGBTA
—————————————————–————————
✊🪧 TAKE ACTION AND TOUCH GRASS 🏴🔥
(USA)
• https://www.answercoalition.org/join_a_protest_near_you_free_palestine
(UK+USA)
• https://www.palestineaction.org/
—————————————————–————————
HIDE JIDF POSTS, IGNORE GLOWIE BAIT, DO NOT REPLY TO MOSSAD POSTERS
(This includes blatantly obvious concern failtrolling/fedposting, painfully unfunny/nuclear misanthropic autism [ie. /pol/] and derailing/hyper sectarian schizophrenia, excessive doomer and jewish-blood-quantum posting)
Always remember to double-check your sources, as well as provide access to it.
الله أكبر
.الى جميع الكادحين في الشرق، ان مصيركم في ايديكم
!يا عمال العالم ويا شعوبه المضطهدة، اتحدوا
Palestine vs The Zionist Entity 122: HAPPY OCT 7! Edition
NEVER FORGET THAT BEAUTIFUL DAY!🇵🇸 PREVIOUSLY ON THE HOLY LAND 🇵🇸
————————
🚨 Live Happenings/Updates 🚨
Sites that have active live-blogs:
• Al-Jazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/
• Middle East Eye: https://www.middleeasteye.net/israel-palestine-hamas-war-gaza-live-invasion
• The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/world/palestinian-territories
• Times of Israel: https://www.timesofisrael.com/topic/liveblog/ (trigger warning)
—————————————————–————————
WIKI
Our own wiki. Be sure to add to it and create branching articles:
https://wiki.leftypol.org/wiki/2023_Israel–Gaza_war
—————————————————–————————
🗣️ RECOMMENDED SITES ✍️
• https://electronicintifada.net
From the UK, single issue long time Palestinian investigative and general reporting, critical source
• https://mondoweiss.net/
From the USA
• https://new.thecradle.co/
Regional news from an anti-imperialist perspective
• https://www.btselem.org/Isrsaeli
Premier Human Rights org
• https://www.972mag.com/
Left news and opinion webzine from Tel-Aviv
• https://decolonizepalestine.com/
A collection of resources for organizers and anyone who wants to learn more about Palestine
• https://www.normanfinkelstein.com/blogs/
Known anti-zionist academic Norman Finkelstein's blog
—————————————————————————
💣🔫RESISTANCE💣🔫
al-Qassam Brigades
https://en.alqassam.ps/
PFLP
http://pflp.ps/
—————————————————–————————
📺 WATCH TOGETHER 📺
https://tv.leftypol.org/r/LGBTA
—————————————————–————————
✊🪧 TAKE ACTION AND TOUCH GRASS 🏴🔥
(USA)
• https://www.answercoalition.org/join_a_protest_near_you_free_palestine
(UK+USA)
• https://www.palestineaction.org/
—————————————————–————————
HIDE JIDF POSTS, IGNORE GLOWIE BAIT, DO NOT REPLY TO MOSSAD POSTERS
(This includes blatantly obvious concern failtrolling/fedposting, painfully unfunny/nuclear misanthropic autism [ie. /pol/] and derailing/hyper sectarian schizophrenia, excessive doomer and jewish-blood-quantum posting)
Always remember to double-check your sources, as well as provide access to it.
الله أكبر
.الى جميع الكادحين في الشرق، ان مصيركم في ايديكم
!يا عمال العالم ويا شعوبه المضطهدة، اتحدوا
R: 2 / I: 0
Do you think atheist are more likely to be socialist rather than capitalist just wondering, cause I think they’re more likely to be socialist like Mao Stalin and marx
Do you think atheist are more likely to be socialist rather than capitalist just wondering, cause I think they’re more likely to be socialist like Mao Stalin and marx
R: 542 / I: 290
Burgerpunk Thread 1: Rebooted Winter Soldier
Restarting the Burgerpunk thread.
R: 1 / I: 1
Some of the greatest art of all time has been religiously motivated. But the question of Christianity specifically is a big one. On one hand all manner of brown people are more sincerely christian than a lot of white people have ever been. It might be the one thing saving Africa right now!
But on the other hand The first Roman Empire & Greek empire were polytheistic & they might have achieved a civilizational peak that surpasses the situation we live in right now. Christianity is very homophobic & a huge portion of Europe/UK demographics are atheist & seem to be some of the happiest nations on earth. Christianity might even be the reason that the Roman Empire fell & is responsible for a lot of really bad imperialism & colonialism.
What am I supposed to make of it? Jesus was surely a good man, no? The word of god has saved homeless, sick, and morally corrupt. Where does the justification to do evil come from when people read this?
The Holy Bible
What's the leftypol take on this book? I'm not trolling - it's existence has haunted my life. I was raised catholic… Christianity has both ruined & saved my life and my opinions on it have only gotten more complex.Some of the greatest art of all time has been religiously motivated. But the question of Christianity specifically is a big one. On one hand all manner of brown people are more sincerely christian than a lot of white people have ever been. It might be the one thing saving Africa right now!
But on the other hand The first Roman Empire & Greek empire were polytheistic & they might have achieved a civilizational peak that surpasses the situation we live in right now. Christianity is very homophobic & a huge portion of Europe/UK demographics are atheist & seem to be some of the happiest nations on earth. Christianity might even be the reason that the Roman Empire fell & is responsible for a lot of really bad imperialism & colonialism.
What am I supposed to make of it? Jesus was surely a good man, no? The word of god has saved homeless, sick, and morally corrupt. Where does the justification to do evil come from when people read this?
R: 377 / I: 54
everal European countries are currently reevaluating their military conscription policies, with some, like Croatia, having recently decided to reinstate it. Regarding pension reforms, the debate is also active, with France serving as a prominent example where a recent reform is facing political opposition and proposed suspension.
>Croatia.
Parliament voted in October 2025 to bring back a 2-month compulsory service starting in 2026.
>Germany
The government is moving toward a "new military service" model starting with a mandatory digital questionnaire for young men from 2027, with the potential for mandatory conscription if needed.
>Denmark
Expanding to include women from July 2025. Service is selected via a lottery system from the pool of eligible 18-year-olds.
>Latvia
Reintroduced in 2023. All men between 18 and 27 must serve for 11 months.
Concurrently, pension reform is trying to be pushed in Belgium, France, Bosnia and Slovenia (that I know of). All want to raise the retirement age and lower pensions low term.
Serbia has a rebellion going on for almost a year.
Is there anything else happening?
/europol/
Starting this thread and hopefully it stays a general. There's no thread dedicated to the EVROPA and what happens here.everal European countries are currently reevaluating their military conscription policies, with some, like Croatia, having recently decided to reinstate it. Regarding pension reforms, the debate is also active, with France serving as a prominent example where a recent reform is facing political opposition and proposed suspension.
>Croatia.
Parliament voted in October 2025 to bring back a 2-month compulsory service starting in 2026.
>Germany
The government is moving toward a "new military service" model starting with a mandatory digital questionnaire for young men from 2027, with the potential for mandatory conscription if needed.
>Denmark
Expanding to include women from July 2025. Service is selected via a lottery system from the pool of eligible 18-year-olds.
>Latvia
Reintroduced in 2023. All men between 18 and 27 must serve for 11 months.
Concurrently, pension reform is trying to be pushed in Belgium, France, Bosnia and Slovenia (that I know of). All want to raise the retirement age and lower pensions low term.
Serbia has a rebellion going on for almost a year.
Is there anything else happening?
R: 1 / I: 1
All of that is to say- I dont want to lose my job over this so where is a safe place to steal a good amount of alcohol from with a low chance of being caught? I'm not even old enough to drink so buying it isnt a choice, and also I'm only happy now when I'm drunk so I don't want to stop. Just make suggestions on how I can shoplift safely and efficiently, thanks.
I have been stealing shit from my workplace
I've been stealing from my workplace for about a month now and as far as I know absolutely nobody has caught on to what I'm doing. I work in the e-commerce department at a grocery store so when I'm gathering items for a customer's order or doing reshop to put stuff back on shelves and I'm in the wine section I just grab stuff. I've only been stealing these things called buzzballs and big sips they're like little almost circular bottles of alcohol so it's easy for me to slip them into my jacket or the cart I'm working on and take them with me without anyone noticing. I've probably stolen $60 to $70 dollars worth of product from my store so far.All of that is to say- I dont want to lose my job over this so where is a safe place to steal a good amount of alcohol from with a low chance of being caught? I'm not even old enough to drink so buying it isnt a choice, and also I'm only happy now when I'm drunk so I don't want to stop. Just make suggestions on how I can shoplift safely and efficiently, thanks.
R: 13 / I: 1
I do not know why we do not have an active language learning thread, so here you go.
If you got other links you think are worthy of being on here, do mention them.
>Language learning communities
r/languagelearning
https://www.reddit.com/r/languagelearning/
Language learner's forum
https://forum.language-learners.org/
Linguaholic's forum
https://linguaholic.com/
>General resources
r/languagelearning's list
https://www.reddit.com/r/languagelearning/wiki/resources/
>Bonus and misc
Omniglot: Omniglot is a compendium of linguistic knowledge and the different writing systems used to represent language.
https://omniglot.com/
HTLAL's archive: A nice website which housed a number of interesting things, such as the life of cardinal mezzofanti, a list of languages and some details about them, a list of resources and a forum.
(latest working snapshot)
https://web.archive.org/web/20250629150605/http://how-to-learn-any-language.com/e/index.html
Today's questions:
>What language/languages are you learning?
>What is your level currently?
>Why are you learning them?
>What is your plan for improving?
>What tips can you share with someone who also has your TL?
/lang/ - language learning general #1
Choosing a language editionI do not know why we do not have an active language learning thread, so here you go.
If you got other links you think are worthy of being on here, do mention them.
>Language learning communities
r/languagelearning
https://www.reddit.com/r/languagelearning/
Language learner's forum
https://forum.language-learners.org/
Linguaholic's forum
https://linguaholic.com/
>General resources
r/languagelearning's list
https://www.reddit.com/r/languagelearning/wiki/resources/
>Bonus and misc
Omniglot: Omniglot is a compendium of linguistic knowledge and the different writing systems used to represent language.
https://omniglot.com/
HTLAL's archive: A nice website which housed a number of interesting things, such as the life of cardinal mezzofanti, a list of languages and some details about them, a list of resources and a forum.
(latest working snapshot)
https://web.archive.org/web/20250629150605/http://how-to-learn-any-language.com/e/index.html
Today's questions:
>What language/languages are you learning?
>What is your level currently?
>Why are you learning them?
>What is your plan for improving?
>What tips can you share with someone who also has your TL?
R: 184 / I: 167
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠤⠤⠤⠄⣀⠄⠄⠄⠱⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠁⠂⢄⢘⡾⠤⠐⠒⠒⠄⠄⠄⠄⠐⠒⠠⢀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠐⢄⠄⠐⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⠝⣶⣄⠄⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠤⠶⠶⠦⣼⣿⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡠⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠒⠒⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡠⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡀⠠⠄⠒⠒⠒⠏⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠞⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡀⠄⠂⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣠⠃⢀⡴⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⡠⠂⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣀⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⡼⢁⠔⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠⠚⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠉⠻⢦⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠄⢀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣾⡷⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠑⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠑⢄⣀⡐⠄⢶⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣾⡿⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠢⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠰⣝⢷⣀⡘⣃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣾⣿⠇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠈⠪⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢂⠄⠹⣯⡿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣼⣿⣿⠋⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⡃⠄⠠⠁⠄⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠄⠄⣤⠋⠄⠉⠠⠜⣄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢡⣰⣽⣿⣌⢻⣧⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣼⣿⣿⣿⡟⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⠇⡰⠁⠄⠄⠄⡎⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢂⠄⠄⢻⡀⠄⠄⠄⠈⠪⡀⠄⠄⠄⣴⣣⠄⠄⠄⠄⣻⣿⣿⣿⣷⡻⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡀⠄⠄⠄⢀⡴⠁⡴⢁⣀⣤⡄⠄⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢂⠄⠄⠱⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢀⠄⠄⢰⣿⣧⠄⠄⠄⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⡿⠄⠄⣠⠎⢀⣞⢠⢸⣿⣿⣇⣸⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⣆⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠳⡀⠄⠘⢆⠄⠄⠄⣤⣽⣯⠄⠸⠟⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⡟⢿⣿⣿⡷⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣻⠂⠄⠄⣿⣤⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⠿⠿⢳⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⡀⠄⠄⡄⠄⠙⢦⡀⢸⡇⠄⠄⠙⠞⠌⡀⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢡⠄⢻⣿⣿⣶⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣼⣟⢿⣻⠄⠑⠟⡀⠄⢀⡼⠃⠄⣿⣿⣿⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠈⠄⠄⢃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⡇⠄⠄⣿⠄⠄⠄⠙⢾⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡇⠄⢸⡀⠄⢀⠄⠄⠄⠈⡀⠄⢿⣿⠇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡏⣿⢿⣿⠄⠄⠈⢣⣤⡾⠁⠄⠄⣿⣿⣿⠄⠸⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣾⣷⡀⢰⠇⢃⠄⠄⠄⠐⡉⠛⠶⣤⣤⡴⠃⠄⢸⡇⠄⢸⣦⡀⠄⠄⠁⠄⠸⡿⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣇⣿⣿⢿⠄⠄⣰⣄⠘⡌⣆⠄⢠⣿⣿⣿⡆⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠐⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⡄⠄⠄⠄⢀⡀⣸⡟⣿⡇⣼⠄⠈⢶⣄⠄⠄⣷⠄⡆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡇⠄⢸⣿⣷⡄⠄⠐⠄⠄⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢡⣿⣿⢸⡇⠄⣹⣿⣧⠹⣹⡆⣼⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⡏⡎⢿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠸⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠰⡄⠄⢀⣼⣿⣿⠃⣿⣷⡏⠄⠄⠈⢿⣆⠄⣿⣧⣷⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡇⠄⡼⠛⢿⣿⡄⠄⡄⠄⢱⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⡿⣿⠄⣿⡀⢸⣿⣿⣆⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢃⠄⢻⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⣹⣾⣄⢀⠄⠄⢠⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⡏⠄⣿⣿⣃⣀⣀⠠⠬⢿⣧⣿⡿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⢰⡇⠄⠃⠄⢸⣿⣿⡄⡇⠄⡌⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⣿⡟⠄⢸⣧⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⠾⠶⠤⢿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠉⠙⣿⣶⣦⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗⠚⣿⡏⠉⢀⣀⣠⣄⣈⢿⣿⡗⢻⣿⡀⠄⠄⠄⢸⡇⡘⠄⠄⢸⣿⠉⣯⠄⢠⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢻⡇⠄⠄⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⣦⠤⣤⣬⣆⡻⣿⣿⡄⠄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠤⣰⣿⡿⠿⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣷⠂⢿⣇⠄⠄⠄⣼⢡⠃⢀⢀⣾⣿⡆⡇⠠⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⡇⠄⠄⠈⢿⣿⣿⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠇⠄⢠⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠄⠏⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⡚⠉⠄⠄⢻⣿⣿⣿⡿⡟⠐⠻⠄⣸⣿⡀⠄⢀⣿⡾⡠⠂⣼⣿⣿⣿⡷⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢿⣿⡀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⢎⠄⠄⠄⠻⣿⣿⣿⡻⠻⣿⣧⠈⡄⠙⢿⡈⠻⣿⣿⣷⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠛⠛⠉⠉⠈⠄⠄⣸⣿⣿⡇⠄⢸⣿⡿⠁⣼⣿⣿⣿⠟⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢻⡇⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⡁⠄⠄⠈⠉⠉⠄⠄⠄⠈⠙⢷⣔⡀⠄⠱⡀⠈⢿⣿⣧⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠜⣋⡼⣿⣿⢀⣿⠋⢀⣾⣿⣿⡿⠋⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡤⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠲⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⢇⠑⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣀⣔⢵⣾⠟⢀⣿⣿⣼⣏⣴⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣯⣷⣢⣄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠤⠚⠉⣰⠟⢁⣴⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢦⡈⠉⠉⠉⠄⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠜⣡⡴⠟⠋⢁⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣍⡒⢤⣀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠⣄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣰⠕⢛⡉⠤⠐⠚⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢨⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠦⠭⠴⠦⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠⢰⣒⣭⠔⠉⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠙⠟⠢⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢻⡇⠐⣻⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠐⠶⠶⠶⠶⠄⠄⠄⠂⠈⢡⡞⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠳⠄⠐⢿⣿⡆⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠⢴⠟⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠻⣷⠄⠄⠙⢛⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣷⡦⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡟⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠑⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠪⡻⣿⣆⠙⠿⡆⠈⠉⠊⠑⢄⡀⠄⠄⣀⣤⣾⠇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢦⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⠻⡆⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠉⣽⣿⣿⣿⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢿⡀⠄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠿⣷⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⡴⣞⣿⣭⣛⣶⣄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⡄⠈⠐⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠻⣷⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣣⡽⣆⠄⠠⠄⠄⠄⣿⣞⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢹⣇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⡿⠿⢛⣿⣯⣾⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⡀⠄⠄⢹⣿⡜⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡀⣽⣿⡆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⢷⣠⡿⠙⠋⠙⠛⣿⠃⣤⣸⠃⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⡘⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠡⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣠⢎⣾⣿⣿⡽⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⠳⠶⠶⠶⢛⣡⣾⣿⣿⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣀⠔⠈⣾⣿⣿⣧⢸⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⠿⠛⠿⠿⠃⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢳⣦⣄⣀⡀⠄⠠⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠⠒⠉⠄⠄⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠉⠛⠛⠛⠯⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠⠐⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠄⠸⣯⣆⠄⢠⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠄⣠⣄⠘⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣠⣾⣿⡟⢁⠟⠄⠄⠄⠹⣿⡔⣿⣇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣯⢧⠄⠄⣿⡉⠄⠆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣠⣾⣟⡽⠋⠄⣷⠄⠄⠄⢀⠔⠙⢥⡿⠟⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⡾⣿⣾⡀⠄⣿⣇⠄⢠⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⣿⠄⠄⡄⠁⠄⠄⠄⠈⢱⣆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⡇⠄⢹⣿⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠰⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⣿⣆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠄⢸⣿⡇⠄⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠄⠄⢸⠄⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⣿⣦⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠈⣿⣇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢃⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣾⢫⡽⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⣰⣰⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢻⣿⣧⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⣿⣿⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠉⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠁⠢⠈⡆⠄⢄⢀⠼⠿⣿⣷⡙⠻⣿⠃⠄⠄⠋⢀⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⢿⣷⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢹⣿⣿⡆⠄⢸⣿⠄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠐⢤⣄⠤⠄⠄⠈⣿⣿⣷⡀⡌⠄⢠⠶⢐⡝⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⢷⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣠⣴⠾⠻⢿⡆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⡇⠄⢸⣿⡇⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢰⣤⠄⢐⣒⠶⣔⢄⠄⠄⠈⠣⢄⠄⠄⣸⢿⣿⣿⠟⠄⢠⢡⠣⡲⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢣⠄⠄⢀⣴⡿⡟⠿⠄⠄⠘⣇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣷⠄⢸⣿⣷⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠋⡟⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠑⢕⠄⠄⠄⠄⠑⢾⢿⠈⠿⠃⠄⢀⣣⢣⡵⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢇⠰⠿⠋⠡⠄⠄⠂⠄⠄⣿⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⣿⣿⣿⠄⢸⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡠⠆⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠳⣬⣀⣄⣀⡠⠛⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⠉⠄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⣿⣿⣿⡆⢸⣿⣿⠇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⡠⠐⡀⢄⠄⠄⠄⠹⣿⣿⠋⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⡄⢂⠄⠄⠄⢀⡀⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⠟⢿⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠰⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠⠄⠐⠘⠓⠄⠈⠉⠉⠉⠰⠄⠄⠘⢹⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⡀⠢⡀⠄⠸⠋⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣇⠸⠄⠈⠘⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢃⠄⠰⠸⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢳⠄⠐⢄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⠄⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢄⣀⠄⠄⠄⢐⣠⠄⠄⠄⠘⠠⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢧⠄⠄⢂⠄⠄⠄⢰⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣸⣿⣿⣿⡟⠃⢀⣀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠉⠚⠛⠿⠏⡐⠄⠄⠄⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⠄⠄⠄⢃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣆⠄⠄⢂⠄⠄⠸⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠘⢂⠘⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠁⠄⡄⠇⢀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠈⢄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⣿⣿⡄⠄⠄⢆⠄⠄⢇⠄⠄⠄⠄⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠾⠆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣀⡰⣶⣤⣄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠻⠄⠈⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⣷⣄⠄⠄⠈⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠈⠄⠄⠸⡄⠄⠄⠄⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠨⢷⣴⡾⡉⠻⣿⣿⡿⠂⣠⠃⡆⠄⠄⠘⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢹⣿⠃⣥⡀⠄⠄⠑⢄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⡠⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣃⠄⠄⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡙⠻⠦⣁⡻⠋⣠⣾⠁⡰⠁⠄⠄⠄⠘⢆⠄⠄⠄⠄⢿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢲⣤⣄⣀⣀⡀⡀⣀⣀⣠⣤⠖⠉⠄⠄⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠠⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠹⣿⣿⣿⠞⠁⠄⠄⡀⡴⡇⠄⠑⢤⡀⠄⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠙⠛⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⢿⣿⣿⡿⠛⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠄⠄⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣀⣀⡀⢀⡿⠠⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⡁⠇⠄⠄⣸⣿⣶⡤⣷⡟⢿⣿⢿⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠛⠉⢦⣀⡸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣼⣿⣿⡿⣻⠁⠡⠁⠂⠄⠄⠄⢸⢁⠄⠄⢠⢿⣿⣿⠁⣿⠁⠄⠻⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠐⠄⠄⠠⢁
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡠⠄⢰⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠛⠟⠉⠐⢃⡔⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⡈⠄⢠⡞⢸⣿⣿⠄⡏⠄⠄⠄⣭⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⠶⠒⣀⠄⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⡆⢡⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠠⣪⠟⠄⠄⢀⠂⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠄⣿⡇⠸⢟⠁⠄⠇⠄⠄⠄⢻⣿⠶⠄⠄⠄⡠⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣀⣠⡤⢾⠿⢿⣛⣛⣻⣋⠄⣠⣾⣿⡇⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⠹⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⣿⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⣆⠄⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠂⠡⠚⠁⠄⠄⡠⠁⠄⠰⠄⠄⠈⠄⢸⣿⣥⣄⡂⠤⢀⠘⣄⠄⠄⣰⠃⠄⠄⢔⣈⡠⠤⠄⠒⣂⣉⣥⣤⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⡠⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠄⢻⣿⣿⣇⠄⠄⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⡘⢆⠠⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⡀⠄⠄⠄⢀⠃⠄⢠⠄⠄⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣿⠃⠠⠍⡠⣂⣭⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢋⠤⠊⠄⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠄⠄⠈⢿⣿⣿⣄⠄⠄⠈⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠱⡀⢣⠐⠄⠄⠄⠒⠂⠄⠉⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⠾⢱⡀⠘⠄⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠠⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠝⠊⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠄⠄⠈⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠻
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠐⣸⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡠⠁⠄⠄⣷⣼⣇⣼⣿⣿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢰⡆⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠋⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠄⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠣⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣀⣀⠤⠊⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠘⡇⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡟⠋⠉⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠩⠉⠉⠉⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠺⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⣷⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣼⣿⣿⣿⣏⠈⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⠈⠻⠇⠄⣿⠄⠙⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡌⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠄⠄⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠙⣿⣿⠄⠄⠄⠄⢻⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠰⠄⠄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠄⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣘⣿⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠇⠄⠄⠄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⠄⢠⡿⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠄⠄⢐⠟⠑⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠨⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⢣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⣿⠟⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠁⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡿⠃⠄⢠⡖⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠢⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠌⠄⠄⢰⠏⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
Post Her Every time You Visit This Board
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠤⠤⠤⠄⣀⠄⠄⠄⠱⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠁⠂⢄⢘⡾⠤⠐⠒⠒⠄⠄⠄⠄⠐⠒⠠⢀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠐⢄⠄⠐⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⠝⣶⣄⠄⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠤⠶⠶⠦⣼⣿⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡠⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠒⠒⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡠⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡀⠠⠄⠒⠒⠒⠏⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠞⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡀⠄⠂⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣠⠃⢀⡴⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⡠⠂⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣀⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⡼⢁⠔⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠⠚⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠉⠻⢦⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠄⢀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣾⡷⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠑⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠑⢄⣀⡐⠄⢶⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣾⡿⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠢⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠰⣝⢷⣀⡘⣃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣾⣿⠇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠈⠪⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢂⠄⠹⣯⡿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣼⣿⣿⠋⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⡃⠄⠠⠁⠄⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠄⠄⣤⠋⠄⠉⠠⠜⣄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢡⣰⣽⣿⣌⢻⣧⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣼⣿⣿⣿⡟⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⠇⡰⠁⠄⠄⠄⡎⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢂⠄⠄⢻⡀⠄⠄⠄⠈⠪⡀⠄⠄⠄⣴⣣⠄⠄⠄⠄⣻⣿⣿⣿⣷⡻⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡀⠄⠄⠄⢀⡴⠁⡴⢁⣀⣤⡄⠄⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢂⠄⠄⠱⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢀⠄⠄⢰⣿⣧⠄⠄⠄⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⡿⠄⠄⣠⠎⢀⣞⢠⢸⣿⣿⣇⣸⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⣆⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠳⡀⠄⠘⢆⠄⠄⠄⣤⣽⣯⠄⠸⠟⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⡟⢿⣿⣿⡷⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣻⠂⠄⠄⣿⣤⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⠿⠿⢳⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⡀⠄⠄⡄⠄⠙⢦⡀⢸⡇⠄⠄⠙⠞⠌⡀⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢡⠄⢻⣿⣿⣶⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣼⣟⢿⣻⠄⠑⠟⡀⠄⢀⡼⠃⠄⣿⣿⣿⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠈⠄⠄⢃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⡇⠄⠄⣿⠄⠄⠄⠙⢾⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡇⠄⢸⡀⠄⢀⠄⠄⠄⠈⡀⠄⢿⣿⠇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡏⣿⢿⣿⠄⠄⠈⢣⣤⡾⠁⠄⠄⣿⣿⣿⠄⠸⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣾⣷⡀⢰⠇⢃⠄⠄⠄⠐⡉⠛⠶⣤⣤⡴⠃⠄⢸⡇⠄⢸⣦⡀⠄⠄⠁⠄⠸⡿⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣇⣿⣿⢿⠄⠄⣰⣄⠘⡌⣆⠄⢠⣿⣿⣿⡆⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠐⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⡄⠄⠄⠄⢀⡀⣸⡟⣿⡇⣼⠄⠈⢶⣄⠄⠄⣷⠄⡆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡇⠄⢸⣿⣷⡄⠄⠐⠄⠄⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢡⣿⣿⢸⡇⠄⣹⣿⣧⠹⣹⡆⣼⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⡏⡎⢿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠸⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠰⡄⠄⢀⣼⣿⣿⠃⣿⣷⡏⠄⠄⠈⢿⣆⠄⣿⣧⣷⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡇⠄⡼⠛⢿⣿⡄⠄⡄⠄⢱⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⡿⣿⠄⣿⡀⢸⣿⣿⣆⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢃⠄⢻⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⣹⣾⣄⢀⠄⠄⢠⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⡏⠄⣿⣿⣃⣀⣀⠠⠬⢿⣧⣿⡿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⢰⡇⠄⠃⠄⢸⣿⣿⡄⡇⠄⡌⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⣿⡟⠄⢸⣧⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⠾⠶⠤⢿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠉⠙⣿⣶⣦⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗⠚⣿⡏⠉⢀⣀⣠⣄⣈⢿⣿⡗⢻⣿⡀⠄⠄⠄⢸⡇⡘⠄⠄⢸⣿⠉⣯⠄⢠⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢻⡇⠄⠄⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⣦⠤⣤⣬⣆⡻⣿⣿⡄⠄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠤⣰⣿⡿⠿⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣷⠂⢿⣇⠄⠄⠄⣼⢡⠃⢀⢀⣾⣿⡆⡇⠠⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⡇⠄⠄⠈⢿⣿⣿⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠇⠄⢠⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠄⠏⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⡚⠉⠄⠄⢻⣿⣿⣿⡿⡟⠐⠻⠄⣸⣿⡀⠄⢀⣿⡾⡠⠂⣼⣿⣿⣿⡷⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢿⣿⡀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⢎⠄⠄⠄⠻⣿⣿⣿⡻⠻⣿⣧⠈⡄⠙⢿⡈⠻⣿⣿⣷⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠛⠛⠉⠉⠈⠄⠄⣸⣿⣿⡇⠄⢸⣿⡿⠁⣼⣿⣿⣿⠟⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢻⡇⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⡁⠄⠄⠈⠉⠉⠄⠄⠄⠈⠙⢷⣔⡀⠄⠱⡀⠈⢿⣿⣧⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠜⣋⡼⣿⣿⢀⣿⠋⢀⣾⣿⣿⡿⠋⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡤⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠲⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⢇⠑⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣀⣔⢵⣾⠟⢀⣿⣿⣼⣏⣴⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣯⣷⣢⣄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠤⠚⠉⣰⠟⢁⣴⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢦⡈⠉⠉⠉⠄⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠜⣡⡴⠟⠋⢁⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣍⡒⢤⣀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠⣄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣰⠕⢛⡉⠤⠐⠚⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢨⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠦⠭⠴⠦⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠⢰⣒⣭⠔⠉⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠙⠟⠢⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢻⡇⠐⣻⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠐⠶⠶⠶⠶⠄⠄⠄⠂⠈⢡⡞⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠳⠄⠐⢿⣿⡆⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠⢴⠟⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠻⣷⠄⠄⠙⢛⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣷⡦⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡟⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠑⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠪⡻⣿⣆⠙⠿⡆⠈⠉⠊⠑⢄⡀⠄⠄⣀⣤⣾⠇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢦⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⠻⡆⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠉⣽⣿⣿⣿⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢿⡀⠄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠿⣷⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⡴⣞⣿⣭⣛⣶⣄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⡄⠈⠐⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠻⣷⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣣⡽⣆⠄⠠⠄⠄⠄⣿⣞⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢹⣇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⡿⠿⢛⣿⣯⣾⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⡀⠄⠄⢹⣿⡜⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡀⣽⣿⡆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⢷⣠⡿⠙⠋⠙⠛⣿⠃⣤⣸⠃⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⡘⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠡⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣠⢎⣾⣿⣿⡽⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⠳⠶⠶⠶⢛⣡⣾⣿⣿⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣀⠔⠈⣾⣿⣿⣧⢸⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⠿⠛⠿⠿⠃⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢳⣦⣄⣀⡀⠄⠠⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠⠒⠉⠄⠄⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠉⠛⠛⠛⠯⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠⠐⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠄⠸⣯⣆⠄⢠⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠄⣠⣄⠘⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣠⣾⣿⡟⢁⠟⠄⠄⠄⠹⣿⡔⣿⣇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣯⢧⠄⠄⣿⡉⠄⠆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣠⣾⣟⡽⠋⠄⣷⠄⠄⠄⢀⠔⠙⢥⡿⠟⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⡾⣿⣾⡀⠄⣿⣇⠄⢠⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⣿⠄⠄⡄⠁⠄⠄⠄⠈⢱⣆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⡇⠄⢹⣿⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠰⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⣿⣆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠄⢸⣿⡇⠄⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠄⠄⢸⠄⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⣿⣦⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠈⣿⣇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢃⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣾⢫⡽⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⣰⣰⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢻⣿⣧⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⣿⣿⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠉⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠁⠢⠈⡆⠄⢄⢀⠼⠿⣿⣷⡙⠻⣿⠃⠄⠄⠋⢀⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⢿⣷⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢹⣿⣿⡆⠄⢸⣿⠄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠐⢤⣄⠤⠄⠄⠈⣿⣿⣷⡀⡌⠄⢠⠶⢐⡝⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⢷⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣠⣴⠾⠻⢿⡆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⡇⠄⢸⣿⡇⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢰⣤⠄⢐⣒⠶⣔⢄⠄⠄⠈⠣⢄⠄⠄⣸⢿⣿⣿⠟⠄⢠⢡⠣⡲⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢣⠄⠄⢀⣴⡿⡟⠿⠄⠄⠘⣇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣷⠄⢸⣿⣷⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠋⡟⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠑⢕⠄⠄⠄⠄⠑⢾⢿⠈⠿⠃⠄⢀⣣⢣⡵⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢇⠰⠿⠋⠡⠄⠄⠂⠄⠄⣿⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⣿⣿⣿⠄⢸⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡠⠆⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠳⣬⣀⣄⣀⡠⠛⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⠉⠄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⣿⣿⣿⡆⢸⣿⣿⠇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⡠⠐⡀⢄⠄⠄⠄⠹⣿⣿⠋⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⡄⢂⠄⠄⠄⢀⡀⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⠟⢿⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠰⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠⠄⠐⠘⠓⠄⠈⠉⠉⠉⠰⠄⠄⠘⢹⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⡀⠢⡀⠄⠸⠋⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣇⠸⠄⠈⠘⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢃⠄⠰⠸⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢳⠄⠐⢄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⠄⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢄⣀⠄⠄⠄⢐⣠⠄⠄⠄⠘⠠⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢧⠄⠄⢂⠄⠄⠄⢰⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣸⣿⣿⣿⡟⠃⢀⣀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠉⠚⠛⠿⠏⡐⠄⠄⠄⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⠄⠄⠄⢃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣆⠄⠄⢂⠄⠄⠸⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠘⢂⠘⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠁⠄⡄⠇⢀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠈⢄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⣿⣿⡄⠄⠄⢆⠄⠄⢇⠄⠄⠄⠄⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠾⠆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣀⡰⣶⣤⣄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠻⠄⠈⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⣷⣄⠄⠄⠈⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠈⠄⠄⠸⡄⠄⠄⠄⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠨⢷⣴⡾⡉⠻⣿⣿⡿⠂⣠⠃⡆⠄⠄⠘⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢹⣿⠃⣥⡀⠄⠄⠑⢄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⡠⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣃⠄⠄⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡙⠻⠦⣁⡻⠋⣠⣾⠁⡰⠁⠄⠄⠄⠘⢆⠄⠄⠄⠄⢿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠄⠄⠄⠈⢲⣤⣄⣀⣀⡀⡀⣀⣀⣠⣤⠖⠉⠄⠄⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠠⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠹⣿⣿⣿⠞⠁⠄⠄⡀⡴⡇⠄⠑⢤⡀⠄⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠙⠛⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⢿⣿⣿⡿⠛⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠄⠄⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣀⣀⡀⢀⡿⠠⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⡁⠇⠄⠄⣸⣿⣶⡤⣷⡟⢿⣿⢿⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠛⠉⢦⣀⡸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣼⣿⣿⡿⣻⠁⠡⠁⠂⠄⠄⠄⢸⢁⠄⠄⢠⢿⣿⣿⠁⣿⠁⠄⠻⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠐⠄⠄⠠⢁
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡠⠄⢰⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠛⠟⠉⠐⢃⡔⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⡈⠄⢠⡞⢸⣿⣿⠄⡏⠄⠄⠄⣭⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⠶⠒⣀⠄⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⡆⢡⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠠⣪⠟⠄⠄⢀⠂⠄⠄⠄⢀⠄⠄⣿⡇⠸⢟⠁⠄⠇⠄⠄⠄⢻⣿⠶⠄⠄⠄⡠⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣀⣠⡤⢾⠿⢿⣛⣛⣻⣋⠄⣠⣾⣿⡇⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⠹⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠆⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⣿⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⣆⠄⠄⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠂⠡⠚⠁⠄⠄⡠⠁⠄⠰⠄⠄⠈⠄⢸⣿⣥⣄⡂⠤⢀⠘⣄⠄⠄⣰⠃⠄⠄⢔⣈⡠⠤⠄⠒⣂⣉⣥⣤⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⡠⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠄⢻⣿⣿⣇⠄⠄⠄⢸⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⡘⢆⠠⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⡀⠄⠄⠄⢀⠃⠄⢠⠄⠄⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣿⠃⠠⠍⡠⣂⣭⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢋⠤⠊⠄⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠄⠄⠈⢿⣿⣿⣄⠄⠄⠈⠂⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠱⡀⢣⠐⠄⠄⠄⠒⠂⠄⠉⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⠾⢱⡀⠘⠄⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠠⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠝⠊⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠄⠄⠈⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠻
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠐⣸⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡠⠁⠄⠄⣷⣼⣇⣼⣿⣿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢰⡆⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠋⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠄⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠣⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣀⣀⠤⠊⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠘⡇⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡟⠋⠉⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠄⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠩⠉⠉⠉⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠺⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⣷⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠄⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣼⣿⣿⣿⣏⠈⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⠈⠻⠇⠄⣿⠄⠙⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠃⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡌⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠄⠄⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠙⣿⣿⠄⠄⠄⠄⢻⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠰⠄⠄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠄⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣘⣿⠄⠄⠄⠄⢸⡇⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠇⠄⠄⠄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢂⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠄⠄⢠⡿⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡈⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠄⠄⢐⠟⠑⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠨⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⢣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠠⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⣿⣿⠟⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢠⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠸⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠁⡀⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡿⠃⠄⢠⡖⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⡄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠈⠢⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠌⠄⠄⢰⠏⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
R: 4 / I: 0
On the other hand there is this really weird cultish behavior around it that just makes me feel suspicious. "Let's rewrite everything in Rust", forcing it into existing software without a clear use case other than just "it's better", overstating the language's capabilities and robustness, very much a kind of "toxic positivity" around it as in the whole Linux Kernel shitshow earlier this year, and the fact that it's being pushed by corpos and the US government. It all feels very weird.
Rust
What do you think about it? On its face it seems like a straightforward improvement over C/C++ and a good way to modernize development in their typical niches.On the other hand there is this really weird cultish behavior around it that just makes me feel suspicious. "Let's rewrite everything in Rust", forcing it into existing software without a clear use case other than just "it's better", overstating the language's capabilities and robustness, very much a kind of "toxic positivity" around it as in the whole Linux Kernel shitshow earlier this year, and the fact that it's being pushed by corpos and the US government. It all feels very weird.
R: 185 / I: 22
How can I actually agitate for the decriminalization of lolicon where I live? Like what practical ways are there to even get involved in activism for it?
It's so stupid because I can literally buy a copy of Nabokov's Lolita, or a print of a Balthus painting (I guess because they're considered "classics" and more respected or something,) but if I'd imported Lyrical Nanoha doujins from Japan, I could get several years in prison for the crime of… What??? Buying foreign porn comics???? So far I've been just betting that the law has more important things to do than running around trying to put weebs in jail, but bourgeois policy being what it is, I'd rather oppose the laws altogether.
How can I actually agitate for the decriminalization of lolicon where I live? Like what practical ways are there to even get involved in activism for it?
It's so stupid because I can literally buy a copy of Nabokov's Lolita, or a print of a Balthus painting (I guess because they're considered "classics" and more respected or something,) but if I'd imported Lyrical Nanoha doujins from Japan, I could get several years in prison for the crime of… What??? Buying foreign porn comics???? So far I've been just betting that the law has more important things to do than running around trying to put weebs in jail, but bourgeois policy being what it is, I'd rather oppose the laws altogether.
R: 560 / I: 274
Tomoko thread… why? Because I like the character… and other reasons…
Post lewds (spoilered), memes, edits, pics and anything else related to the subject
Tomoko thread… why? Because I like the character… and other reasons…
Post lewds (spoilered), memes, edits, pics and anything else related to the subject
R: 25 / I: 5
¿Qué piensan los anónimos de /latam/ sobre Nayib Bukake?
¿Qué piensan los anónimos de /latam/ sobre Nayib Bukake?
R: 331 / I: 288
Also post Teto
Post Here Every Time You Visit This Board
Post something when ever you visit this board.Also post Teto
R: 33 / I: 16
the body of the feline was too short on salmon
new cat thread
post kats in herethe body of the feline was too short on salmon
R: 589 / I: 148
<Take Me To Your Dealer Edition
>May Lenin awaken the workers and help them to see the necessity of revolutionary civil war in the United States.
🛠️ Strike Tracker ⚒️
https://striketracker.ilr.cornell.edu/
🇺🇸 Deeds of the Burger Reich 🇺🇸
https://github.com/dessalines/essays/blob/main/us_atrocities.md
https://williamblum.org/essays/read/overthrowing-other-peoples-governments-the-master-list
📺 Glowie News 📺
(sponsored by the Burger Eagle Freedom Institute (formerly USAID))
• CNN: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/cnn-news-usa.html
• MSNBC: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/msnbc.html
• FOX: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/fox-news-channel.html
• Bloomberg: https://www.bloomberg.com/live/us
🏚️ Local News 🏚️
https://www.50states.com/ce/
✊Live Protest Streams✊
https://woke.net/
🏝️ Epstein's Client List🏝️
https://epsteinsblackbook.com/
🇮🇱 Track Zionazis (warning: ShareBlue)🇮🇱
https://www.trackaipac.com/
📖Read, Burgga, Read! 📖
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXUFLW8t2sntNn5jQO8vF7ai9x0fna3PV
Previous thread: >>2581372
Remember to filter mass tor baiters, feds, and trolls
Not reporting is bourgeois
Violators will be launched from trebuchet
In today's news, Donald Trump pardoned and freed from prison one of the world's worst drug dealers, the former dictator of Honduras, Juan Orlando Hernández (JOH), who was convicted of trafficking 400 tons of cocaine and machine guns into the US, while simultaneously accusing Maduro of similar crimes, without evidence…
/USApol/ 🇺🇸
🗽UNITED STATES POLITICS 🦅<Take Me To Your Dealer Edition
>May Lenin awaken the workers and help them to see the necessity of revolutionary civil war in the United States.
🛠️ Strike Tracker ⚒️
https://striketracker.ilr.cornell.edu/
🇺🇸 Deeds of the Burger Reich 🇺🇸
https://github.com/dessalines/essays/blob/main/us_atrocities.md
https://williamblum.org/essays/read/overthrowing-other-peoples-governments-the-master-list
📺 Glowie News 📺
(sponsored by the Burger Eagle Freedom Institute (formerly USAID))
• CNN: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/cnn-news-usa.html
• MSNBC: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/msnbc.html
• FOX: https://www.livenewsnow.com/american/fox-news-channel.html
• Bloomberg: https://www.bloomberg.com/live/us
🏚️ Local News 🏚️
https://www.50states.com/ce/
✊Live Protest Streams✊
https://woke.net/
🏝️ Epstein's Client List🏝️
https://epsteinsblackbook.com/
🇮🇱 Track Zionazis (warning: ShareBlue)🇮🇱
https://www.trackaipac.com/
📖Read, Burgga, Read! 📖
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXUFLW8t2sntNn5jQO8vF7ai9x0fna3PV
Previous thread: >>2581372
Remember to filter mass tor baiters, feds, and trolls
Not reporting is bourgeois
Violators will be launched from trebuchet
In today's news, Donald Trump pardoned and freed from prison one of the world's worst drug dealers, the former dictator of Honduras, Juan Orlando Hernández (JOH), who was convicted of trafficking 400 tons of cocaine and machine guns into the US, while simultaneously accusing Maduro of similar crimes, without evidence…
R: 12 / I: 8
A mother pig in modern farm
https://www.farmtransparency.org/photos?id=m3rzl5irwjs2yhzbvoim
R: 534 / I: 202
Friday
How are you spending this Friday? Do you have any plans for the weekend?
R: 297 / I: 147
STG sets up roadblocks on the roads leading to Suwayda, pursuant to the ceasefire agreement.
Remaining tribals in Suwayda governorate launch a last-ditch attack on Suwayda city.
Tribals enter some of the city's northwest areas. They suffer heavy casualties and retreat from the city on the same day.
Straggler tribals launch a few attacks on Druze villages here and there, nothing significant.
Overall ceasefire holds up after that. STG prevents further entry of tribals and their numbers keep dwindling.
STG releases their report on the massacres of Alawites in March of this year. They say that they aren't directly responsible.
Saudi announces they will buy a bunch of property in Syria.
Israeli and Syrian officials meet in Paris. A second meeting in Baku was cancelled.
Accusations that the STG is doing a soft siege on Suwayda governorate and worsening the humanitarian situation.
Turkey/SNA starts threatening the SDF and launches a few attacks against them in Deir Hafer and Tishreen dam.
Links:
t.me/Medmannews - Well known channel (Egyptian owner). Posts frequently about MENA
t.me/Middle_East_Spectator - Iranian owner
t.me/Suriyak_maps - Posts maps/latest news. Less prone to hype/hysteria but slower.
https://nitter.poast.org/SAMSyria0 - Local Syrian army soldier. Used to post in Arabic. (Account deleted. RIP)
https://nitter.poast.org/WarMonitors
https://nitter.poast.org/bosni94
https://nitter.poast.org/Sy_intelligence
https://nitter.poast.org/sayed_ridha
https://syria.liveuamap.com
/sg/ - Syrian Civil War General #24 - New Watches edition
Recent news:STG sets up roadblocks on the roads leading to Suwayda, pursuant to the ceasefire agreement.
Remaining tribals in Suwayda governorate launch a last-ditch attack on Suwayda city.
Tribals enter some of the city's northwest areas. They suffer heavy casualties and retreat from the city on the same day.
Straggler tribals launch a few attacks on Druze villages here and there, nothing significant.
Overall ceasefire holds up after that. STG prevents further entry of tribals and their numbers keep dwindling.
STG releases their report on the massacres of Alawites in March of this year. They say that they aren't directly responsible.
Saudi announces they will buy a bunch of property in Syria.
Israeli and Syrian officials meet in Paris. A second meeting in Baku was cancelled.
Accusations that the STG is doing a soft siege on Suwayda governorate and worsening the humanitarian situation.
Turkey/SNA starts threatening the SDF and launches a few attacks against them in Deir Hafer and Tishreen dam.
Links:
t.me/Medmannews - Well known channel (Egyptian owner). Posts frequently about MENA
t.me/Middle_East_Spectator - Iranian owner
t.me/Suriyak_maps - Posts maps/latest news. Less prone to hype/hysteria but slower.
https://nitter.poast.org/SAMSyria0 - Local Syrian army soldier. Used to post in Arabic. (Account deleted. RIP)
https://nitter.poast.org/WarMonitors
https://nitter.poast.org/bosni94
https://nitter.poast.org/Sy_intelligence
https://nitter.poast.org/sayed_ridha
https://syria.liveuamap.com
R: 27 / I: 1
What happens when the Western labour aristocracy finally have their treats taken away? It's a simple answer that 99% of you can't even question.
What happens when the Western labour aristocracy finally have their treats taken away? It's a simple answer that 99% of you can't even question.
R: 105 / I: 6
Post in this thread every time you come to this board. Post music you like here, whatever it may be.
<vid
CLASS WAR DECLARATION MIX FROM THE THAI LABOUR MUSEUM STORAGE ROOM
Post in this thread every time you come to this board. Post music you like here, whatever it may be.
<vid
CLASS WAR DECLARATION MIX FROM THE THAI LABOUR MUSEUM STORAGE ROOM
R: 24 / I: 3
“There is no place in the Polish legal system for a party that glorifies criminals and communist regimes responsible for the deaths of millions of human beings, including our compatriots, Polish citizens,” said Constitutional Tribunal (TK) judge Krystyna Pawłowicz in the justification for the ruling.
The decision comes almost exactly five years after Poland’s former justice minister and prosecutor general, Zbigniew Ziobro, submitted a request to the TK to have the KPP outlawed. Last month, the current president, Karol Nawrocki, also filed his own such application.
The KPP was established in 2002 and claims to be the successor to the Communist Party that existed in Poland before World War Two, rather than the Soviet-backed Polish United Workers’ Party (PZPR) that ruled Poland after the war until 1989. The KPP has no elected representative and very little public visibility.
However, in his notification to the TK, Ziobro argued that the KPP “has identical goals to other communist parties in the 20th century”, including introducing a system “modelled on Soviet Russia” with “totalitarian methods and practices”.
Nawrocki likewise wrote that the KPP’s aims and activities are “contrary to the legal order of Poland”, and that “communist ideology is directed against fundamental human values and the traditions of European and Christian civilisation”.
On Wednesday, after hearings to consider Ziobro and Nawrocki’s applications, the TK found that “the goals and activities of the Communist Party of Poland are inconsistent with the provisions of the constitution”, specifically articles 11 and 13, said Pawłowicz.
Article 11 states that political parties must “be founded on the principle of… the equality of Polish citizens” and shall seek to “influence the formulation of the policy of the state by democratic means”.
Article 13, meanwhile, stipulates that political parties “whose programmes are based upon totalitarian methods and the modes of activity of Nazism, fascism and communism…[or] the application of violence for the purpose of obtaining power or to influence the state policy…shall be prohibited”.
The KPP’s programme calls for “preparing working people for a joint and conscious struggle to eliminate exploitation by building a classless, democratic society within the framework of a socialist system”.
The Rzeczpospolita daily notes that, in 2015, the KPP removed the call for communist revolution from its platform in order to avoid potential legal problems.
However, in its ruling today, the TK said it had assessed not only the KPP’s programme adopted in 2015 but also the statute it adopted on its founding in 2002, as well as various other publications, statements and actions.
Speaking before the TK, the chairwoman of the KPP’s national executive committee, Beata Karoń, argued that, while her party has “a certain vision of what it wants[,]…if what we propose is so unattractive, we simply won’t gain support in elections”, reports the Polish Press Agency (PAP).
The TK’s decision should lead to the delegalisation of the KPP, as Poland’s law on political parties states that, “if the Constitutional Tribunal issues a ruling on the unconstitutionality of the goals or activities of a political party, a court shall immediately issue a decision to remove the political party from the register”.
Pawłowicz said today that the tribunal would immediately forward its ruling to Warsaw’s district court, which maintains the register of political parties in Poland.
However, the TK itself is embroiled in a dispute over its own legality, with the current government refusing to recognise its rulings due to the presence of judges illegitimately appointed under the former Law and Justice (PiS) administration.
Another of the TK’s judges, former PiS MP Stanisław Piotrowicz, was himself a member of the Polish United Workers’ Party who served as a state prosecutor when Poland was under communist rule, including during martial law in the 1980s. Piotrowicz was among the judges who issued today’s ruling.
Poland's Communist Party declared unlawful by the constitutional court
The Constitutional Tribunal (TK) has ruled that the Communist Party of Poland (KPP) violates the country’s constitution. That should lead to the KPP being outlawed, though the TK itself faces questions over its own legality, which complicates the situation.“There is no place in the Polish legal system for a party that glorifies criminals and communist regimes responsible for the deaths of millions of human beings, including our compatriots, Polish citizens,” said Constitutional Tribunal (TK) judge Krystyna Pawłowicz in the justification for the ruling.
The decision comes almost exactly five years after Poland’s former justice minister and prosecutor general, Zbigniew Ziobro, submitted a request to the TK to have the KPP outlawed. Last month, the current president, Karol Nawrocki, also filed his own such application.
The KPP was established in 2002 and claims to be the successor to the Communist Party that existed in Poland before World War Two, rather than the Soviet-backed Polish United Workers’ Party (PZPR) that ruled Poland after the war until 1989. The KPP has no elected representative and very little public visibility.
However, in his notification to the TK, Ziobro argued that the KPP “has identical goals to other communist parties in the 20th century”, including introducing a system “modelled on Soviet Russia” with “totalitarian methods and practices”.
Nawrocki likewise wrote that the KPP’s aims and activities are “contrary to the legal order of Poland”, and that “communist ideology is directed against fundamental human values and the traditions of European and Christian civilisation”.
On Wednesday, after hearings to consider Ziobro and Nawrocki’s applications, the TK found that “the goals and activities of the Communist Party of Poland are inconsistent with the provisions of the constitution”, specifically articles 11 and 13, said Pawłowicz.
Article 11 states that political parties must “be founded on the principle of… the equality of Polish citizens” and shall seek to “influence the formulation of the policy of the state by democratic means”.
Article 13, meanwhile, stipulates that political parties “whose programmes are based upon totalitarian methods and the modes of activity of Nazism, fascism and communism…[or] the application of violence for the purpose of obtaining power or to influence the state policy…shall be prohibited”.
The KPP’s programme calls for “preparing working people for a joint and conscious struggle to eliminate exploitation by building a classless, democratic society within the framework of a socialist system”.
The Rzeczpospolita daily notes that, in 2015, the KPP removed the call for communist revolution from its platform in order to avoid potential legal problems.
However, in its ruling today, the TK said it had assessed not only the KPP’s programme adopted in 2015 but also the statute it adopted on its founding in 2002, as well as various other publications, statements and actions.
Speaking before the TK, the chairwoman of the KPP’s national executive committee, Beata Karoń, argued that, while her party has “a certain vision of what it wants[,]…if what we propose is so unattractive, we simply won’t gain support in elections”, reports the Polish Press Agency (PAP).
The TK’s decision should lead to the delegalisation of the KPP, as Poland’s law on political parties states that, “if the Constitutional Tribunal issues a ruling on the unconstitutionality of the goals or activities of a political party, a court shall immediately issue a decision to remove the political party from the register”.
Pawłowicz said today that the tribunal would immediately forward its ruling to Warsaw’s district court, which maintains the register of political parties in Poland.
However, the TK itself is embroiled in a dispute over its own legality, with the current government refusing to recognise its rulings due to the presence of judges illegitimately appointed under the former Law and Justice (PiS) administration.
Another of the TK’s judges, former PiS MP Stanisław Piotrowicz, was himself a member of the Polish United Workers’ Party who served as a state prosecutor when Poland was under communist rule, including during martial law in the 1980s. Piotrowicz was among the judges who issued today’s ruling.
R: 187 / I: 63
Links:
Previous Thread Archives
Thread 1 https://archive.ph/ROnpO
Thread 2 https://archive.ph/f29Po
Thread 3 https://archive.ph/GZj20
Thread 4 https://archive.ph/ZHfse
Youtube Playlists
Anwar Shaikh - Historical Foundations of Political Economy
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTMFx0t8kDzc72vtNWeTP05x6WYiDgEx7
Anwar Shaikh - Capitalism: Competition, Conflict and Crises
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB1uqxcCESK6B1juh_wnKoxftZCcqA1go
Anwar Shaikh - Capitalism
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLz4k72ocf2TZMxrEVCgpp1b5K3hzFWuZh
Capital Volume 1 high quality audiobook from Andrew S. Rightenburg (Human-Read, not AI voice or TTS voice)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUjbFtkcDBlSHVigHHx_wjaeWmDN2W-h8
Capital Volume 2 high quality audiobook from Andrew S. Rightenburg (Human-Read, not AI voice or TTS voice)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUjbFtkcDBlSxnp8uR2kshvhG-5kzrjdQ
Capital Volume 3 high quality audiobook from Andrew S. Rightenburg (Human-Read, not AI voice or TTS voice)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUjbFtkcDBlRoV5CVoc5yyYL4nMO9ZJzO
Theories of Surplus Value high quality audiobook from Andrew S. Rightenburg (Human-Read, not AI voice or TTS voice)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUjbFtkcDBlQa-dFgNFtQvvMOgNtV7nXp
Paul Cockshott - Labor Theory of Value Playlist
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKVcO3co5aCBnDt7k5eU8msX4DhTNUila
Paul Cockshott - Economic Planning Playlist
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKVcO3co5aCDnkyY9YkQxpx6FxPJ23joH
Paul Cockshott - Materialism, Marxism, and Thermodynamics Playlist
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKVcO3co5aCBv0m0fAjoOy1U4mOs_Y8QM
Victor Magariño - Austrian Economics: A Critical Analysis
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpHi51IjLqerA1aKeGe3DcRc7zCCFkAoq
Victor Magariño - Rethinking Classical Economics
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpHi51IjLqepj9uE1hhCrA66tMvNlnItt
Victor Magariño - Mathematics for Classical Political Economy
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpHi51IjLqepWUHXIgVhC_Txk2WJgaSst
Geopolitical Economy Hour with Radhika Desai and Michael Hudson (someone says "he's CIA doing reheated Proudhonism" lol)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7ejfZdPboo&list=PLDAi0NdlN8hMl9DkPLikDDGccibhYHnDP
Potential Sources of Information
Leftypol Wiki Political Economy Category (needs expanding)
https://leftypedia.miraheze.org/wiki/Category:Political_economy
Sci-Hub
https://sci-hub.se/about
Marxists Internet Archive
https://www.marxists.org/
Library Genesis
https://libgen.is/
University of the Left
http://ouleft.sp-mesolite.tilted.net/Online
bannedthought.net
https://bannedthought.net/
Books scanned by Ismail from eregime.org that were uploaded to archive.org
https://archive.org/details/@ismail_badiou
The Great Soviet Encyclopedia: Articles from the GSE tend to be towards the bottom.
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/
EcuRed: Cuba's online encyclopedia
https://www.ecured.cu/
Books on libcom.org
https://libcom.org/book
Dictionary of Revolutionary Marxism
https://massline.org/Dictionary/index.htm
/EDU/ ebook share thread
https://leftypol.org/edu/res/22659.html
Pre-Marxist Economics (Marx studied these thinkers before writing Capital and Theories of Surplus Value)
https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/economics/index.htm
Principle writings of Karl Marx on political economy, 1844-1883
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/subject/economy/index.htm
Speeches and Articles of Marx and Engels on Free Trade and Protectionism, 1847-1888
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/subject/free-trade/index.htm
(The Critique Of) Political Economy After Marx's Death
https://www.marxists.org/subject/economy/postmarx.htm
/Political Economy/ General #5 - SmithAnon: Origins Edition
Previous thread: >>2507158Links:
Previous Thread Archives
Thread 1 https://archive.ph/ROnpO
Thread 2 https://archive.ph/f29Po
Thread 3 https://archive.ph/GZj20
Thread 4 https://archive.ph/ZHfse
Youtube Playlists
Anwar Shaikh - Historical Foundations of Political Economy
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTMFx0t8kDzc72vtNWeTP05x6WYiDgEx7
Anwar Shaikh - Capitalism: Competition, Conflict and Crises
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLB1uqxcCESK6B1juh_wnKoxftZCcqA1go
Anwar Shaikh - Capitalism
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLz4k72ocf2TZMxrEVCgpp1b5K3hzFWuZh
Capital Volume 1 high quality audiobook from Andrew S. Rightenburg (Human-Read, not AI voice or TTS voice)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUjbFtkcDBlSHVigHHx_wjaeWmDN2W-h8
Capital Volume 2 high quality audiobook from Andrew S. Rightenburg (Human-Read, not AI voice or TTS voice)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUjbFtkcDBlSxnp8uR2kshvhG-5kzrjdQ
Capital Volume 3 high quality audiobook from Andrew S. Rightenburg (Human-Read, not AI voice or TTS voice)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUjbFtkcDBlRoV5CVoc5yyYL4nMO9ZJzO
Theories of Surplus Value high quality audiobook from Andrew S. Rightenburg (Human-Read, not AI voice or TTS voice)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUjbFtkcDBlQa-dFgNFtQvvMOgNtV7nXp
Paul Cockshott - Labor Theory of Value Playlist
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKVcO3co5aCBnDt7k5eU8msX4DhTNUila
Paul Cockshott - Economic Planning Playlist
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKVcO3co5aCDnkyY9YkQxpx6FxPJ23joH
Paul Cockshott - Materialism, Marxism, and Thermodynamics Playlist
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKVcO3co5aCBv0m0fAjoOy1U4mOs_Y8QM
Victor Magariño - Austrian Economics: A Critical Analysis
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpHi51IjLqerA1aKeGe3DcRc7zCCFkAoq
Victor Magariño - Rethinking Classical Economics
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpHi51IjLqepj9uE1hhCrA66tMvNlnItt
Victor Magariño - Mathematics for Classical Political Economy
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpHi51IjLqepWUHXIgVhC_Txk2WJgaSst
Geopolitical Economy Hour with Radhika Desai and Michael Hudson (someone says "he's CIA doing reheated Proudhonism" lol)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7ejfZdPboo&list=PLDAi0NdlN8hMl9DkPLikDDGccibhYHnDP
Potential Sources of Information
Leftypol Wiki Political Economy Category (needs expanding)
https://leftypedia.miraheze.org/wiki/Category:Political_economy
Sci-Hub
https://sci-hub.se/about
Marxists Internet Archive
https://www.marxists.org/
Library Genesis
https://libgen.is/
University of the Left
http://ouleft.sp-mesolite.tilted.net/Online
bannedthought.net
https://bannedthought.net/
Books scanned by Ismail from eregime.org that were uploaded to archive.org
https://archive.org/details/@ismail_badiou
The Great Soviet Encyclopedia: Articles from the GSE tend to be towards the bottom.
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/
EcuRed: Cuba's online encyclopedia
https://www.ecured.cu/
Books on libcom.org
https://libcom.org/book
Dictionary of Revolutionary Marxism
https://massline.org/Dictionary/index.htm
/EDU/ ebook share thread
https://leftypol.org/edu/res/22659.html
Pre-Marxist Economics (Marx studied these thinkers before writing Capital and Theories of Surplus Value)
https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/economics/index.htm
Principle writings of Karl Marx on political economy, 1844-1883
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/subject/economy/index.htm
Speeches and Articles of Marx and Engels on Free Trade and Protectionism, 1847-1888
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/subject/free-trade/index.htm
(The Critique Of) Political Economy After Marx's Death
https://www.marxists.org/subject/economy/postmarx.htm
R: 35 / I: 2
>but muh marx
Apple just launched a new revolutionary product that completely changes how you can use your phone. Will bernd get the $149.95 version, or the $229.95 pro version that comes with a long strap? It's even compatible with icky green bubble androids.
https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2025/11/introducing-iphone-pocket-a-beautiful-way-to-wear-and-carry-iphone/
>ISSEY MIYAKE and Apple today unveiled iPhone Pocket. Inspired by the concept of “a piece of cloth,” its singular 3D-knitted construction is designed to fit any iPhone as well as all pocketable items.
>Born from the idea of creating an additional pocket, its understated design fully encloses iPhone, expanding to fit more of a user’s everyday items. When stretched, the open textile subtly reveals its contents and allows users to peek at their iPhone display. iPhone Pocket can be worn in a variety of ways — handheld, tied onto bags, or worn directly on the body.
>but muh marx
Apple just launched a new revolutionary product that completely changes how you can use your phone. Will bernd get the $149.95 version, or the $229.95 pro version that comes with a long strap? It's even compatible with icky green bubble androids.
https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2025/11/introducing-iphone-pocket-a-beautiful-way-to-wear-and-carry-iphone/
>ISSEY MIYAKE and Apple today unveiled iPhone Pocket. Inspired by the concept of “a piece of cloth,” its singular 3D-knitted construction is designed to fit any iPhone as well as all pocketable items.
>Born from the idea of creating an additional pocket, its understated design fully encloses iPhone, expanding to fit more of a user’s everyday items. When stretched, the open textile subtly reveals its contents and allows users to peek at their iPhone display. iPhone Pocket can be worn in a variety of ways — handheld, tied onto bags, or worn directly on the body.
R: 207 / I: 47
I'm predicting that we will see a large portion of "Gamergaters" turn to liberalism in the coming months. They have never had any significant political politics beyond "more sexy women in video games" and some vague notions of anti-censorship and libertarianism. Whatever relationship they may have had with mainstream and dissident rightist movements is coming to an end, as the only thing they built their movement on is going to be further censored and removed. I can see them turning into Agent Kochinski and hasan types. That said, a smaller portion will probably end up following a dissident rightist path like Sargon, whose apparently become a Socialist, even posted about how Lenin had some good Ideas
I'm predicting that we will see a large portion of "Gamergaters" turn to liberalism in the coming months. They have never had any significant political politics beyond "more sexy women in video games" and some vague notions of anti-censorship and libertarianism. Whatever relationship they may have had with mainstream and dissident rightist movements is coming to an end, as the only thing they built their movement on is going to be further censored and removed. I can see them turning into Agent Kochinski and hasan types. That said, a smaller portion will probably end up following a dissident rightist path like Sargon, whose apparently become a Socialist, even posted about how Lenin had some good Ideas
R: 17 / I: 9
today i ate
rice with tomato paste (without bare hands though i am not momdommyist-succdemist)
200gm of gouda cheese
a single apple and a one slice of salami at the back of the fridge, 1 day old
what's the last thing you cooked?
post your diet here, let anons critic your dietary habitstoday i ate
rice with tomato paste (without bare hands though i am not momdommyist-succdemist)
200gm of gouda cheese
a single apple and a one slice of salami at the back of the fridge, 1 day old
R: 2 / I: 1
A specter is haunting Leftypol
The specter of Ultraleftism. All the powers of old Leftypol have entered into a holy alliance to exorcise this specter; Ziggers and Dengists, Anarchists and Stalinists, MAGAComs and Third-worldists.
R: 12 / I: 4
___
Remember not to violate you or your organization's operational security model - that's latin for "no fedposting or dox"
/bragxis/
This is a thread for you (yes you!) to share and celebrate the helpful actions you've done to advance the worker movement.___
Remember not to violate you or your organization's operational security model - that's latin for "no fedposting or dox"
R: 104 / I: 21 (sticky)
IF YOUR IP IS BANNED ON META USE THE MATRIX WAITING ROOM
https://matrix.to/#/#leftypolantechamber:matrix.org
Logs:
https://leftypol.org/log.php?board=leftypol
Free onions:
http://kacdyre2mccory3jccpzu36ybzr6tpteuic6a7uhhya4dleek4xeuiid.onion/
Previous thread >>39778
Moderation Feedback
Come dispute bans, complain, get jannified, and other such things related to /leftypol/ here. Please try not to spam this thread or make multiple posts on the same issue, as this makes it harder for us to respond to issues.IF YOUR IP IS BANNED ON META USE THE MATRIX WAITING ROOM
https://matrix.to/#/#leftypolantechamber:matrix.org
Logs:
https://leftypol.org/log.php?board=leftypol
Free onions:
http://kacdyre2mccory3jccpzu36ybzr6tpteuic6a7uhhya4dleek4xeuiid.onion/
Previous thread >>39778
R: 517 / I: 220
Made a new thread since the other one is full. You know the drill folks, gather here to discuss and/or complain about Hearts of Iron 4 and all the alt history mods that make the game relevant. From green natpops to sicko mode Savinkov we've got a lot of exciting stuff coming in the next Kaiserreich update, one which will make the LKMT look like pre-rework Germany by comparison. But dont worry TNOomers, you're getting some new content too! After a year and a half and three focus trees that only last for four years, we finally have something new and that's…
…three years of fucking Antarctica
HoI4 + HoI4 modding thread
Operation Deep Sneed editionMade a new thread since the other one is full. You know the drill folks, gather here to discuss and/or complain about Hearts of Iron 4 and all the alt history mods that make the game relevant. From green natpops to sicko mode Savinkov we've got a lot of exciting stuff coming in the next Kaiserreich update, one which will make the LKMT look like pre-rework Germany by comparison. But dont worry TNOomers, you're getting some new content too! After a year and a half and three focus trees that only last for four years, we finally have something new and that's…
…three years of fucking Antarctica
R: 17 / I: 2
The chimera ant arc was some hyped up trash
Togashi might aswell have given enough on coherent nen scaling with post rose meruem and adult gon. The nen abilities were the worst addition to the system since togashi never clarified actual rules to them so we got people pulling stuff like phasing through objects or turning into vehicles of all things. Then there’s the moronic decision to make the chimera ants sympathetic by giving them arbitrary arcs when the dudes were trying to kill five million people for no reason—but hey this went on for so long in the arc I guess the audience was supposed to accept that the ants were partially human. Togashi could’ve done so much with the dark continent and ngl but he just doesn’t. Personally I don’t care for the blood and gore—this manga was always pretty violent. What did stand out was how badly kite was handled. It’s like how oda just killed off ace so quickly after his introduction despite him looking up to be a really big contributor to the cast. Also I hate how leorio and kurapika were just entirely sidelined for three straight arcs in a row—mind you, the chimera ant arc alone is 116 chapters long.
R: 281 / I: 62
Переможный, переговорный, пятнадцатотравневый.
Продолжаем трястись и ждать мобку.
Лолируем с красных фашистов, пыняславов и чучхеисов - вместе.
Переезжаем в тюмень, так как там нефтяная мекка и все жрут черную икру поварешками.
Левый поворот путина будет… надо только подождать… еще лет двадцать.
/rus/ - Russia General
Thread №2Переможный, переговорный, пятнадцатотравневый.
Продолжаем трястись и ждать мобку.
Лолируем с красных фашистов, пыняславов и чучхеисов - вместе.
Переезжаем в тюмень, так как там нефтяная мекка и все жрут черную икру поварешками.
Левый поворот путина будет… надо только подождать… еще лет двадцать.
R: 0 / I: 0
Hero Forge
Post figures you made in Hero Forge. The body was too short The body was too short The body was too short The body was too short The body was too short The body was too short
R: 80 / I: 36 (sticky)
Lets find out right now which one is going to be the president, and which will be the vice president by using the dice roll feature:
1d2 = 1
If the number above is 1, then the president is BIRD
If the number above is 2, then the president is HEDGEHOG
The LOVECRAFTIAN party has won the most congress seats!!!
What does this mean for the future of our society?!?!??
ANIMAL ELECTION RESULTS!!!!!!
BIRD and HEDGEHOG have WON the 2025 Animal Election!!!Lets find out right now which one is going to be the president, and which will be the vice president by using the dice roll feature:
1d2 = 1If the number above is 1, then the president is BIRD
If the number above is 2, then the president is HEDGEHOG
The LOVECRAFTIAN party has won the most congress seats!!!
What does this mean for the future of our society?!?!??
R: 205 / I: 34
why the fuck do westoids have awful reasons to hate japan? i hate japan too because of its imperialist nature and capitalist economic system. but i never understood the people who claim they hate japan, and it’s because of pedophilia and rape, and the pedo or rape in question are just drawings instead of pulling up actual statistics of pedophilia or rape being normalized in that nation. all i know is that misogyny and racism are a problem in japan so there’s probably a hint already that pedophilia and rape are also normalized in japan as well. this isn’t trying to defend japan or whatever but im rather concerned about how they’re not being critical when criticizing a nation like japan
why the fuck do westoids have awful reasons to hate japan? i hate japan too because of its imperialist nature and capitalist economic system. but i never understood the people who claim they hate japan, and it’s because of pedophilia and rape, and the pedo or rape in question are just drawings instead of pulling up actual statistics of pedophilia or rape being normalized in that nation. all i know is that misogyny and racism are a problem in japan so there’s probably a hint already that pedophilia and rape are also normalized in japan as well. this isn’t trying to defend japan or whatever but im rather concerned about how they’re not being critical when criticizing a nation like japan
R: 24 / I: 2
>66.2% of Romanians believe Communist leader Nicolae Ceaușescu was a "GOOD LEADER"
Any opinions?
Nicolae Ceaușescu's approval
>55.8% of the respondents say the Communist state itself was also good.>66.2% of Romanians believe Communist leader Nicolae Ceaușescu was a "GOOD LEADER"
Any opinions?
R: 362 / I: 222
(Draw or showcase new Alunya art)
Draw Alunya 3
Alunya Art thread(Draw or showcase new Alunya art)
R: 44 / I: 11
theme: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTojZzKi9V8
im just leaving this here. some of the stuff written here might be useful for some of you
On The Transgender Question
https://hidwehproject.nekoweb.org/pages/blog/posts/2025-10-04-On-The-Transgender-Question.htmltheme: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTojZzKi9V8
im just leaving this here. some of the stuff written here might be useful for some of you
R: 35 / I: 29
Where can I find a girl like her bros? It's not fair.
Where can I find a girl like her bros? It's not fair.
R: 650 / I: 180 (full)
<Unpünktlich wie die Eisenbahn; verspätet auf maroden Strecken zu hohen Preisen: DB-Konzern überbietet jedes Jahr seine Negativrekorde
https://www.jungewelt.de/artikel/503080.versp%C3%A4tungen-bei-der-bahn-unp%C3%BCnktlich-wie-die-eisenbahn.html
<Rot gewinnt; Präsidentsschaftskandidatin in Chile ist von der KP
https://www.jungewelt.de/artikel/503066.kommunisten-rot-gewinnt.html
<Gideon Levy über Massaker der israelischen Armee an Hungernden in Gaza
https://www.jungewelt.de/artikel/503098.dokumentiert-gideon-levy-%C3%BCber-massaker-der-israelischen-armee-an-hungernden-in-gaza.html
<NATO-Manöver am Niederrhein: Kriegsvorbereitung statt Sicherheit
https://www.rf-news.de/2025/kw27/nato-manoever-am-niederrhein-kriegsvorbereitung-statt-sicherheit
<Parteitag der DKP
https://www.unsere-zeit.de/live-ticker-vom-26-parteitag-der-dkp/
<Maja T. ins Haftkrankenhaus verlegt
https://www.nd-aktuell.de/artikel/1192276.budapest-komplex-maja-t-in-haftkrankenhaus-verlegt.html
/leftydeutschpol/ - DB-Edition
Neuigkeiten<Unpünktlich wie die Eisenbahn; verspätet auf maroden Strecken zu hohen Preisen: DB-Konzern überbietet jedes Jahr seine Negativrekorde
https://www.jungewelt.de/artikel/503080.versp%C3%A4tungen-bei-der-bahn-unp%C3%BCnktlich-wie-die-eisenbahn.html
<Rot gewinnt; Präsidentsschaftskandidatin in Chile ist von der KP
https://www.jungewelt.de/artikel/503066.kommunisten-rot-gewinnt.html
<Gideon Levy über Massaker der israelischen Armee an Hungernden in Gaza
https://www.jungewelt.de/artikel/503098.dokumentiert-gideon-levy-%C3%BCber-massaker-der-israelischen-armee-an-hungernden-in-gaza.html
<NATO-Manöver am Niederrhein: Kriegsvorbereitung statt Sicherheit
https://www.rf-news.de/2025/kw27/nato-manoever-am-niederrhein-kriegsvorbereitung-statt-sicherheit
<Parteitag der DKP
https://www.unsere-zeit.de/live-ticker-vom-26-parteitag-der-dkp/
<Maja T. ins Haftkrankenhaus verlegt
https://www.nd-aktuell.de/artikel/1192276.budapest-komplex-maja-t-in-haftkrankenhaus-verlegt.html
R: 50 / I: 12
Sudan and the RSF
Interested to see if we have any contrarians here who can explain why the RSF is good and anti-imperialist actually. They're secular and portrayed as the bad guys in western media, so they're probably the good guys?
R: 58 / I: 11
Post-Structuaralism
Opinion of Nick Land(CCRU time)/Deleuze?Are they too schizo? Also opinion on Dugin/Nick land(Atlantism vs Eurasianism). I think they are greatest philosophers and they were not clear to everyone.
R: 16 / I: 3
/lsthg/ #1 - Free as the Wind Edition
NEWS
>Sonic Racing: CrossWorlds - Accolades Trailer
https://youtu.be/C6BSu_x0gcE
>Sonic Rumble arrives this November
https://x.com/Sonic_Rumble/status/1978491359452364988
>Sonic the Hedgehog 4 to release on March 19, 2027
https://variety.com/2025/film/news/sonic-4-release-date-march-2027-1236280697/
RECENT SEGASONIC GAMES
>Sonic Rumble (Nov 5, 25)
>Sonic Racing: CrossWorlds (Sep 25, 25)
>Sonic X Shadow Generations (Oct 25, 24)
>Sonic Dream Team (Dec 5, 23)
>Sonic Superstars (Oct 17, 23)
Roblox
>Outcome Memories
https://www.roblox.com/games/14608970270/Outcome-Memories-v0-1
>Classic Sonic Simulator
https://www.roblox.com/games/130793019/Classic-Sonic-Simulator-V13-2
FAN GAMES & ROMHACKS
>Sonic World DX
https://sonicworldfangame.com/
>Sonic Hacking Contest
https://shc.zone/
>Sonic Amateur Games Expo
https://www.sagexpo.org/
RE/DECOMPILATIONS, REMAKES, & PORTS
>Sonic 1 Forever
https://teamforeveronline.wixsite.com/home/sonic-1-forever
>Sonic 2 Absolute
https://teamforeveronline.wixsite.com/home/sonic-2-absolute
>Sonic CD RSDK Decompilation
https://github.com/RSDKModding/RSDKv3-Decompilation
>Sonic 3 A.I.R. (Angel Island Revisited)
https://sonic3air.org/
Animated Shows
>Sonic SatAM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IoDD96l9_0&list=PLuR4vBEgABYgCRdpGEZPMMmgnfh7tfKhK
>AoSTH
http://youtube.com/watch?v=8IitAAlElX4&list=PLySo2SlSHPSOOGZM3_2Qun52hCaRNYW9y&index=1
>Sonic X Dub
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9CGih4gMRlk&list=PLfj-YRBUe2qHutE9Rx_DsqEVq21FQZW5n&index=1
>Sonic OVA
https://youtu.be/FAgrQn8m_XM
/lsthg/ - Leftist Sonic the Hedgehog General
Welcome, comrades! Here we discuss everything Sonic the Hedgehog./lsthg/ #1 - Free as the Wind Edition
NEWS
>Sonic Racing: CrossWorlds - Accolades Trailer
https://youtu.be/C6BSu_x0gcE
>Sonic Rumble arrives this November
https://x.com/Sonic_Rumble/status/1978491359452364988
>Sonic the Hedgehog 4 to release on March 19, 2027
https://variety.com/2025/film/news/sonic-4-release-date-march-2027-1236280697/
RECENT SEGASONIC GAMES
>Sonic Rumble (Nov 5, 25)
>Sonic Racing: CrossWorlds (Sep 25, 25)
>Sonic X Shadow Generations (Oct 25, 24)
>Sonic Dream Team (Dec 5, 23)
>Sonic Superstars (Oct 17, 23)
Roblox
>Outcome Memories
https://www.roblox.com/games/14608970270/Outcome-Memories-v0-1
>Classic Sonic Simulator
https://www.roblox.com/games/130793019/Classic-Sonic-Simulator-V13-2
FAN GAMES & ROMHACKS
>Sonic World DX
https://sonicworldfangame.com/
>Sonic Hacking Contest
https://shc.zone/
>Sonic Amateur Games Expo
https://www.sagexpo.org/
RE/DECOMPILATIONS, REMAKES, & PORTS
>Sonic 1 Forever
https://teamforeveronline.wixsite.com/home/sonic-1-forever
>Sonic 2 Absolute
https://teamforeveronline.wixsite.com/home/sonic-2-absolute
>Sonic CD RSDK Decompilation
https://github.com/RSDKModding/RSDKv3-Decompilation
>Sonic 3 A.I.R. (Angel Island Revisited)
https://sonic3air.org/
Animated Shows
>Sonic SatAM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IoDD96l9_0&list=PLuR4vBEgABYgCRdpGEZPMMmgnfh7tfKhK
>AoSTH
http://youtube.com/watch?v=8IitAAlElX4&list=PLySo2SlSHPSOOGZM3_2Qun52hCaRNYW9y&index=1
>Sonic X Dub
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9CGih4gMRlk&list=PLfj-YRBUe2qHutE9Rx_DsqEVq21FQZW5n&index=1
>Sonic OVA
https://youtu.be/FAgrQn8m_XM
R: 11 / I: 4
But the establishment is in decline. They have to watch as all their worthless ideas (like new-atheism, and moral relativism) all fall into the waste bin of history while Jungs ideas get stronger and stronger.
Jung's major beliefs is that a primary goal of every human is/ought to be the process of individuation (the processing of becoming a self)–which he wrote on the backdrop of rising collectivistic pressures via shifting global geopolitics. For Jung, there is a distinction between ego and self, where ego is a narrow band of consciousness that exists primarily in a space of tension between unconscious factors (which includes shadow) and social presentation (persona).
He further believed that people share a collective unconscious, which is that we inherit cultural motifs and symbols that then get continuously represented across different cultures and time; however, they manifest in a way relative to the culture of the time. So, 'Hero' may be an archetype, meaning stories involving heroes transcend cultures and time, but 'Batman' is a specific manifestation that emerged in American culture in the past century.
One archetype then is the 'shadow', which represents unconscious elements that are in conflict with our ego ideal (how we think we should behave or be–especially in front of others). These can include unfulfilled desires, fears, perceived weaknesses, shame-inducing idiosyncrasies, etc. The idea is that the 'self' in the Jungian conceptualization involves actively seeking these archetypes out via either psychological analysis or a process Jung calls Active Imagination. In either case, the general idea is to actively confront these aspects of our unconscious and integrate the awareness–and the process by which the awareness was obtained, into our conscious understanding of self.
Jung's ideas overlap with the likes of Jacques Vallee in terms of the intersection of psychological concepts and the mystical. Myth and folklore were of prominent sources of information in Jung's formation of his ideas; however, there is an impact of poor translation and creative liberties taken in sources Jung used unwittingly.
Any Jungian insights are welcome
/Jung/
Hes the bane of NPCs and the establishment. He single handledly kept the value of mythology, supernatural and the paranormal alive during the peak years of modernism and post modernism. Academics, modern Europeans, and experts have been trying to destroy him ever since.But the establishment is in decline. They have to watch as all their worthless ideas (like new-atheism, and moral relativism) all fall into the waste bin of history while Jungs ideas get stronger and stronger.
Jung's major beliefs is that a primary goal of every human is/ought to be the process of individuation (the processing of becoming a self)–which he wrote on the backdrop of rising collectivistic pressures via shifting global geopolitics. For Jung, there is a distinction between ego and self, where ego is a narrow band of consciousness that exists primarily in a space of tension between unconscious factors (which includes shadow) and social presentation (persona).
He further believed that people share a collective unconscious, which is that we inherit cultural motifs and symbols that then get continuously represented across different cultures and time; however, they manifest in a way relative to the culture of the time. So, 'Hero' may be an archetype, meaning stories involving heroes transcend cultures and time, but 'Batman' is a specific manifestation that emerged in American culture in the past century.
One archetype then is the 'shadow', which represents unconscious elements that are in conflict with our ego ideal (how we think we should behave or be–especially in front of others). These can include unfulfilled desires, fears, perceived weaknesses, shame-inducing idiosyncrasies, etc. The idea is that the 'self' in the Jungian conceptualization involves actively seeking these archetypes out via either psychological analysis or a process Jung calls Active Imagination. In either case, the general idea is to actively confront these aspects of our unconscious and integrate the awareness–and the process by which the awareness was obtained, into our conscious understanding of self.
Jung's ideas overlap with the likes of Jacques Vallee in terms of the intersection of psychological concepts and the mystical. Myth and folklore were of prominent sources of information in Jung's formation of his ideas; however, there is an impact of poor translation and creative liberties taken in sources Jung used unwittingly.
Any Jungian insights are welcome
R: 94 / I: 108
I'll start:
>They were CIA pretending to be collaborators who dissapeared soon after…
Lets have another MONATIO thread
Lets have another pointless discussion thread about these guys, who they were and what they were doing at the time.I'll start:
>They were CIA pretending to be collaborators who dissapeared soon after…
R: 207 / I: 85
Link dump:
https://www.greenleft.org.au
https://www.auscp.org.au/militant-monthly
https://solidarity.net.au
https://redflag.org.au
https://marxistleftreview.org/?topic=australia
https://www.michaelwest.com.au
https://overland.org.au
https://arena.org.au
https://www.themonthly.com.au
https://www.crikey.com.au
https://www.redblacknotes.com
https://www.surplusvalue.org.au/McQueen/index.htm
https://reddit.com/r/AustralianSocialism (use a redlib mirror instead of reddit.com)
https://www.labourstart.org/news/country.php?country=Australia&langcode=en
https://anarchistnews.org/content/spotters-guide-anarchism-australia-and-aotearoa
https://thewhiterosesociety.writeas.com (antifascism, most active on twitter)
/auspol/ #11 - Southern Cross edition
Australian and Oceania politics general thread.Link dump:
https://www.greenleft.org.au
https://www.auscp.org.au/militant-monthly
https://solidarity.net.au
https://redflag.org.au
https://marxistleftreview.org/?topic=australia
https://www.michaelwest.com.au
https://overland.org.au
https://arena.org.au
https://www.themonthly.com.au
https://www.crikey.com.au
https://www.redblacknotes.com
https://www.surplusvalue.org.au/McQueen/index.htm
https://reddit.com/r/AustralianSocialism (use a redlib mirror instead of reddit.com)
https://www.labourstart.org/news/country.php?country=Australia&langcode=en
https://anarchistnews.org/content/spotters-guide-anarchism-australia-and-aotearoa
https://thewhiterosesociety.writeas.com (antifascism, most active on twitter)
R: 1 / I: 0
Yo Mama jokes without punchlines
I screen recorded these and cut out the punchlines after I saw YouTube channels doing that, this shit is so funny to me that I made this weeks ago and I randomly think about it from time to time, I need to get a life.
R: 1 / I: 0
What is the coziest job? I love the idea of being a fisherman. Can you imagine being a Scandinavian fisherman? Must be awesome.
I fantasize a lot about being a hard-bodied young man sailing across the world, exploring all of Europe, all the while serving my nation by being the best Fisherman in all the land. Hopefully I will reincarnate into something like that. Unfortunately I'm a lazy-eyed, glasses-wearing, wimpy little freak.
What is the coziest job? I love the idea of being a fisherman. Can you imagine being a Scandinavian fisherman? Must be awesome.
I fantasize a lot about being a hard-bodied young man sailing across the world, exploring all of Europe, all the while serving my nation by being the best Fisherman in all the land. Hopefully I will reincarnate into something like that. Unfortunately I'm a lazy-eyed, glasses-wearing, wimpy little freak.
R: 12 / I: 2
Why did he like Dairy so much?
Not even Joe Biden liked ice cream that much!
R: 28 / I: 6
THE AESTHETICS OF COMMUNISM
This thread will describe what exact superstructural changes will occur in the aftermath of a Global Maoist Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution once the Material Base has been transformed after the Socialist Mode of Production has been established Worldwide. Enjoy Comrades, ✊😜🇨🇳🇰🇵🇨🇺🇵🇸🏳️🌈🏳️⚧️🚀☢️!
I will present a thought experiment, what will the World look like a century from now, decades after the World Maoist Protracted People's War (PPW) swept the forces of Capital and Reaction into the dustpan of History in the aftermath of World War III (it started in the Late 2020s as a High-Intensity Conventional Conflict between the U$ and China that escalated into a Global Nuclear War, but contrary to most Pseudoscientific Bourgeois Liberal and Revisionist expectations did not cause an apocalyptic "Nuclear Winter", but instead destroyed the entire Global Capitalist-Imperialist System and allowed for a World Maoist PPW that saw Maoist rebels seize control of the entire planet after decades of guerrilla warfare), 🤔? This Effort post will seek to answer that question, ✊😜🇨🇳🇰🇵🇨🇺🇵🇸🏳️🌈🏳️⚧️🚀☢️!
First, I will explain the political structure of this future Socialist world. There will be a Global USSR, in which every major Nation/Ethnic group will receive their own SSR or ASSR according to the Marxist-Leninist-Maoist principle of Self-Determination of all Oppressed Nations in their own SSR (as articulated in Stalin’s “Marxism and the National Question” https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1913/03a.htm and Lenin’s “The Socialist Revolution and the Right of Nations to Self-Determination” https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1916/jan/x01.htm , along with the National Delimitation Policy of the USSR https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_delimitation_in_the_Soviet_Union ), including New Afrika, Aztlan (in a Hispano-American SFSR that includes all the Spanish-speaking Multiracial regions of the Americas), the First Nations, Azawad, Oromia, Afaria, Basque Country, Catalonia, Scotland, Wales, Sapmi, Palestine (in a Arab SFSR that includes all the Arab majority regions of West Asia and North Africa), Kurdistan, Circassia, Chechnya, Dagestan, Tatarstan, Arabistan (in a Arab SFSR that includes all the Arab majority regions of West Asia and North Africa), Balochistan, East Turkestan/Uyghuristan, Tibet, Kashmir, Punjab, Sindh, Manipur, West Papua, Aboriginal Australia, Hawaii, and many others as shown in the Map of all the SSRs and SFSRs of the future Global USSR I posted. Obviously, this Global USSR will have a Socialist Mode of Production (Centrally Planned Socialist Economy) and Dictatorship of the Proletariat (One-Party Marxist-Leninist-Maoist State). This Centrally Planned Socialist Economy is characterized by State ownership of all companies, a State Planning Agency, the outlawing of Stock Exchanges, and a massive Social Safety Net consisting of Free Housing, Free Healthcare, Free Education, a Job Guarantee, and a Universal Basic Income, along with a long-term effort to Automate the entire Economy (hence the need for Universal Basic Income) on the Shining Path to Communism, ✊😜🇨🇳🇰🇵🇨🇺🇵🇸🏳️🌈🏳️⚧️🚀☢️!
The first great Superstructural transformation brought by the Global Maoist Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was the final destruction of that great “Opiate of the Masses” that had been used by all the ruling Classes of every previous Mode of Production to neuter the oppressed Classes, Religion. This was done by sending the International Red Guards to bulldoze/burn down all Churches/Mosques/Synagogues/Temples/Pagodas worldwide and arrest all Priests/Monks/Nuns/Imams/Rabbis and force them to March through the streets wearing Dunce Caps on their way to the re-education camps where they were re-educated to embrace the Immortal Science of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism (This also happened to all Fascists, Liberals, and Revisionists as well), ✊😜🇨🇳🇰🇵🇨🇺🇵🇸🏳️🌈🏳️⚧️🚀☢️!
Another key aspect of this Superstructural transformation was seen in the dramatic transformation of Urban planning that was carried out by the Global USSR. This process was made easier by the aftermath of World War III (especially the Nuclear Exchange) and the subsequent World Maoist PPW that left most cities as smoldering ruins and thus in desperate need of rebuilding. The new “People’s cities” were built to be as efficient, environmentally friendly, and high-density as possible, with the entire population living in high-density Concrete Commie Bloc Apartment buildings, and all Suburban McMansions/“Single-Family Homes” bull-dozed and left to be reclaimed by nature (most had already been destroyed anyway). At the center of every major city is a single massive Skyscraper that contains all the administrative agencies of the various SSRs/ASSRs, including the local CPSU headquarters. Additionally, these cities have been designed to be as walkable as possible (this, combined with the Worldwide ban of all GMOs, High-Fructose Corn Syrup, Artificial Preservatives, excessive Sodium, and Trans Fats, ended the Global Obesity epidemic that was already reduced significantly by the decades of Conventional and Nuclear Warfare), with all Automobile ownership outlawed, and most transportation carried out by Mass Rail Transit (ie. Subways, Streetcars, Bullet trains, etc.) powered by Electricity from exclusively renewable sources (ie. Wind, Solar, Hydro, Nuclear, Geothermal, etc.), thus ending Global Warming (The Global Nuclear War already helped this, by thinning the World population and reducing temperatures with the mild fallout). All Rural populations employed in agriculture live in Collective Farms until this sector can be completely Automated and they can be moved to the Cities, ✊😜🇨🇳🇰🇵🇨🇺🇵🇸🏳️🌈🏳️⚧️🚀☢️!
Finally, the Superstructural changes that resulted from the necessary Global Maoist Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution included dramatic changes in the nature of Sexuality, Gender Roles, and Personal Expression. In order to flatten the Socially Constructed Reactionary Gender Binary, all Women are forced to have extremely short hair (Pixie cut or shorter, with a Shaved head being the most Historically Progressive), and Dresses and Makeup were banned in order to liberate Women from the chains of Bourgeois Femininity/Domesticity, while all Western Business Suits and Traditional Religious Clothing were banned as well with everyone wearing Mandatory Mao Suits. Interestingly, their has been a noticeable decline in Transgenders in the aftermath of the Global Destruction of Bourgeois Femininity/Domesticity, though Sex Changes are still Free and Legal to anyone who wants one. The nature of Sexuality has changed dramatically with the elimination of the Reactionary emphasis on Reproduction, considering that that are now Artificial wombs, in order to finally free women from the oppressive nature of child birth. Homosexuality is obviously completely Legal and totally accepted, with the caveat that the institution of Marriage (both Homosexual and Heterosexual) has been completely phased out as a relic of Reactionary culture in favor of much looser sexual relationships among consenting adults. Finally, all Drugs have been legalized for recreational purposes, in order to simultaneously end the discriminatory and classist nature of the Global War on Drugs waged by the Old Reactionary Bourgeois order, and unleash the creativity of the Workers and Oppressed Nations of the World as they travel on the Shining Path to Communism, ✊😜🇨🇳🇰🇵🇨🇺🇵🇸🏳️🌈🏳️⚧️🚀☢️!
THE AESTHETICS OF COMMUNISM
This thread will describe what exact superstructural changes will occur in the aftermath of a Global Maoist Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution once the Material Base has been transformed after the Socialist Mode of Production has been established Worldwide. Enjoy Comrades, ✊😜🇨🇳🇰🇵🇨🇺🇵🇸🏳️🌈🏳️⚧️🚀☢️!
I will present a thought experiment, what will the World look like a century from now, decades after the World Maoist Protracted People's War (PPW) swept the forces of Capital and Reaction into the dustpan of History in the aftermath of World War III (it started in the Late 2020s as a High-Intensity Conventional Conflict between the U$ and China that escalated into a Global Nuclear War, but contrary to most Pseudoscientific Bourgeois Liberal and Revisionist expectations did not cause an apocalyptic "Nuclear Winter", but instead destroyed the entire Global Capitalist-Imperialist System and allowed for a World Maoist PPW that saw Maoist rebels seize control of the entire planet after decades of guerrilla warfare), 🤔? This Effort post will seek to answer that question, ✊😜🇨🇳🇰🇵🇨🇺🇵🇸🏳️🌈🏳️⚧️🚀☢️!
First, I will explain the political structure of this future Socialist world. There will be a Global USSR, in which every major Nation/Ethnic group will receive their own SSR or ASSR according to the Marxist-Leninist-Maoist principle of Self-Determination of all Oppressed Nations in their own SSR (as articulated in Stalin’s “Marxism and the National Question” https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1913/03a.htm and Lenin’s “The Socialist Revolution and the Right of Nations to Self-Determination” https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1916/jan/x01.htm , along with the National Delimitation Policy of the USSR https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_delimitation_in_the_Soviet_Union ), including New Afrika, Aztlan (in a Hispano-American SFSR that includes all the Spanish-speaking Multiracial regions of the Americas), the First Nations, Azawad, Oromia, Afaria, Basque Country, Catalonia, Scotland, Wales, Sapmi, Palestine (in a Arab SFSR that includes all the Arab majority regions of West Asia and North Africa), Kurdistan, Circassia, Chechnya, Dagestan, Tatarstan, Arabistan (in a Arab SFSR that includes all the Arab majority regions of West Asia and North Africa), Balochistan, East Turkestan/Uyghuristan, Tibet, Kashmir, Punjab, Sindh, Manipur, West Papua, Aboriginal Australia, Hawaii, and many others as shown in the Map of all the SSRs and SFSRs of the future Global USSR I posted. Obviously, this Global USSR will have a Socialist Mode of Production (Centrally Planned Socialist Economy) and Dictatorship of the Proletariat (One-Party Marxist-Leninist-Maoist State). This Centrally Planned Socialist Economy is characterized by State ownership of all companies, a State Planning Agency, the outlawing of Stock Exchanges, and a massive Social Safety Net consisting of Free Housing, Free Healthcare, Free Education, a Job Guarantee, and a Universal Basic Income, along with a long-term effort to Automate the entire Economy (hence the need for Universal Basic Income) on the Shining Path to Communism, ✊😜🇨🇳🇰🇵🇨🇺🇵🇸🏳️🌈🏳️⚧️🚀☢️!
The first great Superstructural transformation brought by the Global Maoist Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was the final destruction of that great “Opiate of the Masses” that had been used by all the ruling Classes of every previous Mode of Production to neuter the oppressed Classes, Religion. This was done by sending the International Red Guards to bulldoze/burn down all Churches/Mosques/Synagogues/Temples/Pagodas worldwide and arrest all Priests/Monks/Nuns/Imams/Rabbis and force them to March through the streets wearing Dunce Caps on their way to the re-education camps where they were re-educated to embrace the Immortal Science of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism (This also happened to all Fascists, Liberals, and Revisionists as well), ✊😜🇨🇳🇰🇵🇨🇺🇵🇸🏳️🌈🏳️⚧️🚀☢️!
Another key aspect of this Superstructural transformation was seen in the dramatic transformation of Urban planning that was carried out by the Global USSR. This process was made easier by the aftermath of World War III (especially the Nuclear Exchange) and the subsequent World Maoist PPW that left most cities as smoldering ruins and thus in desperate need of rebuilding. The new “People’s cities” were built to be as efficient, environmentally friendly, and high-density as possible, with the entire population living in high-density Concrete Commie Bloc Apartment buildings, and all Suburban McMansions/“Single-Family Homes” bull-dozed and left to be reclaimed by nature (most had already been destroyed anyway). At the center of every major city is a single massive Skyscraper that contains all the administrative agencies of the various SSRs/ASSRs, including the local CPSU headquarters. Additionally, these cities have been designed to be as walkable as possible (this, combined with the Worldwide ban of all GMOs, High-Fructose Corn Syrup, Artificial Preservatives, excessive Sodium, and Trans Fats, ended the Global Obesity epidemic that was already reduced significantly by the decades of Conventional and Nuclear Warfare), with all Automobile ownership outlawed, and most transportation carried out by Mass Rail Transit (ie. Subways, Streetcars, Bullet trains, etc.) powered by Electricity from exclusively renewable sources (ie. Wind, Solar, Hydro, Nuclear, Geothermal, etc.), thus ending Global Warming (The Global Nuclear War already helped this, by thinning the World population and reducing temperatures with the mild fallout). All Rural populations employed in agriculture live in Collective Farms until this sector can be completely Automated and they can be moved to the Cities, ✊😜🇨🇳🇰🇵🇨🇺🇵🇸🏳️🌈🏳️⚧️🚀☢️!
Finally, the Superstructural changes that resulted from the necessary Global Maoist Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution included dramatic changes in the nature of Sexuality, Gender Roles, and Personal Expression. In order to flatten the Socially Constructed Reactionary Gender Binary, all Women are forced to have extremely short hair (Pixie cut or shorter, with a Shaved head being the most Historically Progressive), and Dresses and Makeup were banned in order to liberate Women from the chains of Bourgeois Femininity/Domesticity, while all Western Business Suits and Traditional Religious Clothing were banned as well with everyone wearing Mandatory Mao Suits. Interestingly, their has been a noticeable decline in Transgenders in the aftermath of the Global Destruction of Bourgeois Femininity/Domesticity, though Sex Changes are still Free and Legal to anyone who wants one. The nature of Sexuality has changed dramatically with the elimination of the Reactionary emphasis on Reproduction, considering that that are now Artificial wombs, in order to finally free women from the oppressive nature of child birth. Homosexuality is obviously completely Legal and totally accepted, with the caveat that the institution of Marriage (both Homosexual and Heterosexual) has been completely phased out as a relic of Reactionary culture in favor of much looser sexual relationships among consenting adults. Finally, all Drugs have been legalized for recreational purposes, in order to simultaneously end the discriminatory and classist nature of the Global War on Drugs waged by the Old Reactionary Bourgeois order, and unleash the creativity of the Workers and Oppressed Nations of the World as they travel on the Shining Path to Communism, ✊😜🇨🇳🇰🇵🇨🇺🇵🇸🏳️🌈🏳️⚧️🚀☢️!